Chemiluminescence determination of thiourea using tris (1,10-phenanthroline)-ruthenium (II) KMnO4 system

The light emission produced by thiourea in oxidation process by permanganate in acidic solution in the presence of Ru(phen) ₂ ^{3 +} is used to determine 1.0×10⁻⁵ −1.0×10⁻⁵ mol/L thiourea. The limit of detection is 9.8×10⁻⁹ mol/L and the relative standard deviation is 1.1% for a 1.0×10⁻⁵ mol/L thiourea solution (n=10). The method was applied satisfactorily to the determination of thiourea. Foundation item, Support by Ministry of Education, Wuhan University and Alumni Association of it Biography: Wu Feng-wu(1963-), Male, Ph. D, research direction: analytical chemistry.     

Description of mechanism function about dehydration of cobalt oxalate dihydrate by multiple rates isotemperature method

0　IntroductionThetechnologyofthermalanalysishasbeenwidelyusedinthestudyofthermalbehaviorandthermalcharacterofsolidstatereaction ,theprimaryintentionofthermalanalysiskineticsistoestablishseparatevaluesofapparentactivationenergyE ,themostprobablemechanism g(α)andthepre exponentialfactorA ,meanwhilethedeterminationofg(α)hasgraduallybeenthefocusofthisfield .Inthisfield ,therearemostlygeneralkineticsmethodsused presently ,suchasCoats Redfern’s[1 ] integralmethod ,Achar’s[2 \〗differentialmet…     

Investigation of performances and mechanism of fluoride removal by Fe (III)-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent

Novel adsorbent, Fe(III)-loaded ligand exchange cotton cellulose adsorbent [Fe(III)LECCA], was used to investigate the adsorption performances and mechanism of fluoride removal from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was found to adsorb fluoride rapidly and effectively. The fluoride removal was influenced by pH. Adsorption model followed first-order reaction at different temperature, theapparent adsorption activated energyE, was 6.37 kJ·mol⁻¹, and adsorption enthalpy ΔH was 5.35 kJ·mol⁻¹. The adsorption capacity of fluoride on adsorbent was 3.2 mmol·g⁻¹ (dry weight). The maximal integer coordination ratio of fluoride with Fe(III) LECCA was 3∶1. The ligand exchange mechanism of adsorption was elucidated through chemical methods and IR spectral analysis. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (29977010) and Shanghai Priority Academic Discipline Biography: ZHAO Ya-ping (1974-), female, Ph.D., research direction: water and wastewater treatment.     

Effects of anions on the biosorption of microelement cations by macroalga <Emphasis Type="Italic">Enteromorpha prolifera</Emphasis> in single- and multi-metal systems

The results of research on the effects of anions on the biosorption of microelement cations by the edible marine macroalga Enteromorpha prolifera in singleand multi-metal systems are discussed in this paper. It was shown that the maximum biosorption capacity (qmax) in a single-metal system of Co(II) ions decreased in the following sequence: Cl- (46.0 mg g-1) > SO42- (42.8 mg g-1) > NO3- (41.9 mg g-1). In multi-metal systems, in which the ratios of Cl-, NO3-, and SO42- were 0:0:4, 1:1:2, 3:0:1, and 4:0:0, there were clear differences among the biosorption capacities. In all the examined systems (other than the 0:0:4 system), inhibition of the binding of microelement cations by the macroalga was observed. In all the systems, the highest value of qmax was obtained for Cu(II) cations; the value ranged from 31.9 mg g-1 in 0:0:4 (SO42- only) to 18.2 mg g-1 in 4:0:0 (Cl-only).     

Synthesis, Characterization and Properties of LiFePO4/C Cathode Material

Lithium iron phosphate coated with carbon (LiFePO₄/C) was synthesized by improved solid-state reaction using comparatively lower temperature and fewer sintering time. The carbon came from citric acid, which acted as a new carbon source. It was characterized by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), X ray diffractometer (XRD), Element Analysis (EA) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). We also studied the electrochemical properties of the material. The first discharge capacity of the LiFePO₄/C is 121 mAh·g⁻¹ at 10 mA·g⁻¹, at room temperature. When the current density increased to 100 mA·g⁻¹, the first discharge capacity decreased to 110 mAh·g⁻¹ and retained 95% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles. The LiFePO₄/C obtained shows a good electrochemical capacity and cycle ability at a large current density. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20071026) Biography: ZHOU Xin-wen (1980-), male, Master, research direction: inorganic material chemistry.     

Validating global hydrological models by ground and space gravimetry

The long-term continuous gravity observations obtained by the superconducting gravimeters (SG) at seven globally-distributed stations are comprehensively analyzed. After removing the signals related to the Earth’s tides and variations in the Earth’s rotation, the gravity residuals are used to describe the seasonal fluctuations in gravity field. Meanwhile, the gravity changes due to the air pressure loading are theoretically modeled from the measurements of the local air pressure, and those due to land water...     

Compression behavior and equation of state of Ni77P23 amorphous alloy

The compression behavior of Ni77P23 amorphous alloy is investigated at room temperature in a diamond-anvil cell instrument using insitu high pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction with a syn- chrotron radiation source. The equation of state is determined by fitting the experimental data accord- ing to Birch-Murnaghan equation: -ΔV/V0=0.08606P-3.2×10-4P2 5.7×10-6P3. It is found that the structure of Ni77P23 amorphous alloy is stable under pressures up to 30.5 GPa.     

Fluorescence Determination of Artemisinin Using Hemoglobin as Catalyst and Pyronine B as Substrate

0 IntroductionMaalnadria siusb atr ompajicosr .he aAltrthe pmrisoibnlienmi (n qtihneghtraoopsiucs,QHS,Fig.1) is a sesquiterpene endoperoxide isola-ted fromArtemisia annuaL., an ancient Chineseherbal medicine usedfor treatment of fever and ma-laria.Studies of the structure and activity relation-ship have shownthat endoperoxide groupis essentialfor anti malarial activity of QHS and absence of thismoiety lead to completely loss in activity of thedrug. Many techniques have been developed to de…     

Formate and acetate as recorded in a mid－latitude glacier in west China

Formic (HCOOH) and acetic (CH3COOH) acids are the chief carboxylic compounds in the troposphere[1]. Although weak acids, they contribute significantly to the free acidity, ionic balance of precipitation and the chemical reactions in the atmosphere, especially in the remote areas[2—4]. General sources for formate and acetate have been identified in the past 3 decades although a satisfactory source attribution is lacking to explain atmospheric observations[5]. Possible sources include veget…     

Pollen flux and vertical dispersion in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains

The pollen flux in coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in the Changbai Mountains is presented in one year's experiments. The results indicate that arboreal pollen percentages are more than 65% and pollen flux is higher than 5000 grain·cm-2·a-1,while less than 2% and lower than 1000 grain·cm-2·a-1 for shrubby pollen,and less than 20% and lower than 3000 grain·cm-1·a-1 for herbaceous pollen for most samples at different heights. The pollen assemblages are similar to those in the samples under 8 m height where Pinus and Ouercus are dominant and followed by the few non-local pollen types,and Fraxinus percentages are high with a few non-local pollen types at 16 m to 32 m height as well as non-local pollen clearly increased at 40 m height. Comparisons between pollen assemblages and vegetation composition suggest that similarities are higher for pollen trap samples than for surface moss samples.     

Foam drainage wave coalescing and its energy evolution

Liquid foam is a dense packing of gas bubbles in a small amount of surfactant solution. Liquid drains out of foams until equilibrium is reached due to the compromise between gravity and capillarity, which greatly affects the stability of foam. Based on a series of work on foam structure and drainage we conducted previously, this paper reports the results on coalescence of an original forced drainage wave at a low flow rate with subsequent drainage waves with higher flow rates. The evolutions of viscous energy and surface energy during the process of coalescence are theoretically analyzed.     

Temperature dependence of densities of Sb and Bi melts

The densities of Sb and Bi melts were investigated by an improved Archimedean method. The results show that the density of the Sb melt decreases linearly with increasing temperature,but the density of the Bi melt firstly increases and then decreases as the temperature increases. There is a maximum density value of 10.002 g/cm3 at 310 ℃ ,about 39℃ above the melting point. The temperature depend-ence of the Sb melt is well fitted with the expression ρ =6.8590-5.8105×10-4T,and that of the Bi melt is fitted with ρ =10.3312-1.18×10-3T. The results were discussed from a microstructure viewpoint.     

Effects of gravity on the electrodeposition and characterization of nickel foils

The effects of gravity on nickel electrodeposition, the morphology and mechanical properties of deposits were studied in a super gravity field. Predictions in a microgravity field were also presented based on the obtained experimental tendency. Linear sweep voltammetry reveals that the nickel electrodeposition process is enhanced by increasing the gravity coefficient (G). The limiting current density changes from 10.2 to 293.0 mA·cm-2 with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354. The morphology of deposits was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The images show that the morphology deposited in the super gravity field has finer grain sizes and denser and smoother surfaces. The roughness reduces from 48.3 to 4.9 nm with the increase of the G value from 10-4 to 354. Meanwhile, mechanical tests indicate that the mechanical properties of nickel foils are greatly improved due to introducing a super gravity field during electrodeposition.     

Investigation of Ru （ phen ）3^2＋-Hydrazine-Ce（Ⅳ） Chemiluminescence System and Its Analytical Application

0 IntroductionThbiep ycroidmipnlee)xru ctahteinoinu mof(Ⅱ r)u t(he Rniuu(mbip,y m)3ai2n +ly) atrnids- t(r2is -,(21’ -,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(Ⅱ) (Ru(phen)32 +) ,is a kindof sensitive analytical reagent for electrogenerated chemilumi-nescence(ECL) and chemiluminescence(CL) ,on which a par-ticular review has been presented[1]. The earliest publicationon the synthesis of Ru(bipy)32 +appeared in 1936[2], andduringthefollowing30 years ,theinvestigations relatedtothissubstance were only in…     

Effect of Cl- on photosynthetic bicarbonate uptake in two cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Synechocystis PCC6803

Photosynthetic inorganic carbon utilization was investigated in two cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Synechocystis PCC6803 grown in standing culture. Photosynthetic rates for the two algae reached about 10 times the theoretical CO₂ supply rate at low dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of 100 μmol/L, and the rates were unaffected by the addition of 20 mmol/L Na⁺, indicating that the two algae possessed Na+-independent HCO^-₃ utilization for photosynthesis under low DIC. Their photo- synthetic rates at low DIC were inhibited by higher Cl^- and the degrees of inhibition were increased with the rise of CI^- concentration, and in the presence of Diphenylamine-2-carboxylate (DPC), a reported Cl^- channel inhibitor, the rates decreased by 74%－82%, implying that putative DPC-sensitive Cl^- channels participate in Na+-independent HCO₃^- uptake for photosynthesis. The experiment of intracellular 14C-DIC accumulation for photosynthesis showed that internal DIC pools decreased by about 80% with 200 μmol/L DPC and by 64%－70% with 100 mmol/L Cl^-. The experiment of chlorophyll a fluorescence quenching showed that initial rates and extents of fluorescence quenching obviously decreased with 200 μmol/L DPC or 100 mmol/L Cl^-. The two experiments gave further evidence that putative DPC-sen- sitive Cl^- channels participate in Na+-independent HCO^-₃ uptake for photosynthesis in the two algae grown in standing culture.     

Carbonaceous particles in Muztagh Ata ice core,West Kunlun Mountains,China

Carbonaceous particles concentrations of OC and EC are determined using a two-step gas chroma- tography system in Muztagh Ata ice core covering the time period of 1955--2000. Over the period represented by the core, OC and EC concentrations appear to have changed significantly, varied in the range of 17.7--216.7 and 6.5--124.6, and averaged 61.8, 32.9 ng·g^-1, respectively. The average concentration of EC in Muztagh Ata ice core is much lower than that in an Alpine ice core record （100--300 ng·g^-1） during the same period, but it is a factor of 14 in Greenland ice core （2.3 ng·g^-1）, this may induce a strong impact on the snow albedo in the last 46 years in our study area. Observations indicate two periods with obviously high deposition concentrations （1955--1965 and 1974--1989） and two periods with low concentrations （1966--1973 and 1990--1995）, as well as a recent increasing trend. By comparing EC and SO4^2- concentration variations and deciphering OC/EC ratios recorded in the same ice core, we can judge roughly that the carbonaceous particles deposited in Muztagh Ata ice core were attributed to fossil fuel combustion sources.     

Sensitive Determination of DNA by RLS Enhancement of Metal Ions

0　IntroductionThequantitativeanalysisofnucleicacids,especiallythemi cro determinationofnucleicacids,isbecomingmoreandmoreimportantinmanybiologicalstudies.Recently ,apromisingspectraltechnique ,whichwasbasedonthemeasurementofen hancedresonancelightscattering (RLS) [1 ,2 ] ,hasgivenrisetostronginterestbyanalystsandbiochemistsfornucleicacidsandproteinassay[3 9] .Uptonow ,manykindscompoundshavebeenfoundRLSenhancementwhilebindingtoDNA ,andallthesecompoundsarecharacterizedofpositivechargewhicha…     

The minimization of non-equilibrium plasma source at high pressure

The density of plasma produced by atmospheric non-equilibrium plasma source is the function of energy dissipation rate in ionization electric field and gas particles momentum. The experiment shows that the plasma density highly rises with the increasing of energy dissipation rate and gas particles momentum. When the energy dissipation rate of activation field is 2.18 Wh/m^3 and the average gas particles momentum is 109×10^-22 g· m/s, the air throughput of plasma source whose volume is only 2.5 cm^3 can be up to 12 m^3/h and the density of plasma can be up to 10^10 cm^-3. The research can develop a method of producing minitype plasma source which is low energy consumption but high ion concentration used for chemical industry, environmental engineering and military.     

Organic media enhanced spectrofluorimetric determination of L-ascorbic acid

A novel spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of L-ascorbic acid is proposed. It is based on the inhibition of L-ascorbic acid on the formation of 2,3-diaminophenazine, which is an oxidation product ofo-phenylenediamine catalyzed by laccase. The fluorescence (at λ_cx/λ_cm=464 nm /530 nnm) was enhanced strongly in the presence of organic media. The mechanism ofo-phenylenediamine oxidation reaction catalyzed by laccase in the presence of L-ascorbic acid is discussed. L-ascorbic acid is determined in the ethanol, 1,4-dioxane and acetone over the linear range of 4.0×10⁻⁷≈1.2×10⁻⁴ mol/L, 4.0×10⁻⁷≈8.0×10⁻⁵ mol/L and 4.0×10⁻⁷≈1.0×10⁻⁴ mol/L with a detection limit of 1.20×10⁻⁵ mol/L, 1.19×10⁻⁵ mol/L and 1.24×10⁻⁸ mol/L, respectively. The method has been successfully applied to the simple and rapid determination of L-ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals and milk powder. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Special Funds of State Education Committe for Doctorate Research Huang Zuyun: born in Aug. 1963. Ph.D     

Spectrofluorimetric determination of magnesium (II) with 7-(8-Hydroxy-3, 6-disulfonaphthylazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid

A new fluorescent reagent, 7-(8-hydroxy-3, 6-disulfonaphthylazo)-8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (HDNHQ) for the determination of magnesium has been developed. It reacted with magnesium to form a 1∶1 fluorescent complex withλ _ex/λ _em immediately at room temperature in ammonia-ammonium chloride buffer (pH 10.7). A linear relationship was obtained in the magnesium concentration range of 0–160 ng·mL⁻¹ with the detection limit of 0.04 ng·mL⁻¹. The proposed method was simple, rapid and sensitive. It has been successfully applied to the determination of trace magnesium in blood serum with recoveries of 103.75% and 98.16%, respectively. Foundation item: Supported by the Zi-Qiang Foundation of Wuhan University Biography: Zhang Xian (1975-), female, Ph. D candidant, research direction: organic reagent synthesis and analysis.