大跨桥梁分离式三箱梁附加攻角效应研究

为研究附加攻角效应对分离式三箱梁颤振性能的影响,结合节段模型风洞试验和理论计算方法获得初始风攻角下的附加攻角,并通过计算流体动力学（Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD）数值模拟方法求解初始风攻角下的颤振临界风速. 结果表明,分离式三箱梁的初始风攻角及箱梁之间的横梁对附加攻角有较大影响,节段模型在0°~+7°风攻角下存在十分显著的附加攻角效应,且表现为扭转振幅快速增大的硬颤振. 节段模型自由振动风洞试验难以直接获得分离式三箱梁在小风攻角下的准确颤振临界风速. 对于主跨3?300?m的悬索桥,0°初始风攻角下在颤振失稳前的静风附加攻角达到+7°以上,颤振临界风速大大降低,气弹稳定性得不到充分发挥. 因此,对于采用分离式三箱梁断面的超大跨径桥梁,在抗风设计中应对其附加攻角效应予以重视.     

稳定叶片对S弯进气道流场的作用规律研究

本文就稳定叶片对６０°或４５°攻角下Ｓ弯进气道内的气流流动作用规律进行了实验研究，稳定叶片被安放在进气道的进口处，且可以绕轴自由转动．结果表明，该叶片在气流流场中有两个自动稳定位置，气流对叶片没有造成气动力的合力矩．另外，在两个稳定位置下的Ｓ弯进气道出口分别出现了顺时针和逆时针方向旋转的固体式单涡旋流．本文研究结果为后来的旋流控制或旋流模拟打下了重要基础     

运输机升阻特性仿真与风洞试验相关性方法

以M3飞机配装某型发动机三维模型为研究对象,采用CFD方法对整机流场进行数值计算。对于带动力短舱模型,利用分区拼接网格技术对发动机内流场和飞机外流场进行网格划分和拼接;在此基础上采用雷诺平均N-S方程,基于S-A湍流模型,开展了不同发动机状态、马赫数及攻角的仿真计算。以FNPR=1.61时,试验获得的升阻系数作为基准,在不同攻角下,获得CFD计算结果的修正因子,结果表明：修正后的数值计算结果与风洞试验获取的升力特性曲线,贴合程度好,在攻角小于14°内误差小于3%;修正后的阻力特性曲线整体趋势与风洞试验一致,误差小于10%,阻力系数都是随攻角的增大而增大,且在攻角大于10°后快速增大。     

流体攻角对滴形钉头管流体阻力特性的影响

利用风洞实验 ,研究了Re =1× 10 4～ 1× 10 5范围内滴形钉头管在不同攻角下的流阻特性 .实验结果表明 ,攻角对滴形钉头管的流阻特性影响显著 ,流阻最小值出现在攻角α为 180°时 ,最大值出现在攻角α为10 0°～ 110°时 .还给出了不同攻角下Eu与Re之间的关联式 .     

透平叶栅大攻角流动特性的三维数值模拟

应用新型 L U隐式格式和改良型高阶 MU SCLTVD格式 ,通过求解全三维可压缩 Reynolds平均的Navier- Stokes方程和 q-ω低 Re双方程湍流模型 ,对一种透平叶栅在 - 6 0°到 35°攻角范围内的流动进行了计算。对不同攻角下叶栅内的三维流动结构进行了细致的分析。计算表明 ,该方法不仅可以准确地捕捉叶轮机械内部流动中出现的激波与边界层、激波与尾迹相互干扰等流动现象 ,而且也适用精确模拟不同工况下 ,特别是大攻角工况下带有分离流和强二次流情况下叶轮机械内部更加复杂的流动。     

射击角对步枪弹侵彻玻璃靶后运动的影响规律

为研究射击角对步枪弹侵彻玻璃靶板影响的规律，对步枪弹侵彻玻璃靶板进行数值模拟，并通过与试验结果对比，数值方法可真实再现弹头在侵彻玻璃过程中的运动行为.结果表明，弹头速度总体变化趋势是逐渐减小，对符合实际使用情况下的速度变化可按射击角分为（0°，5°，10°）（15°，20°）（25°，30°）3个速度梯度，每个梯度内的速度变化基本一致，加速度变化阶段分为4个阶段，呈现双峰现象，对不同射击角下的靶后攻角和速度矢量偏角分析发现，弹头稳定性可按射击角分为（0°，20°）（25°，50°）（55°，80°）3个区间，分别对应稳定飞行、一定扰动飞行、失稳3个状态，而且剩余动能与初始动能比值基本是随着射击角增大线性减小，总体是呈负相关减小趋势.      

涡轮叶栅叶顶间隙泄漏流动实验研究

针对一种高负荷涡轮叶栅,利用低速矩形叶栅风洞实验研究叶顶间隙泄漏流动．研究了不同叶顶间隙和不同来流冲角情况下,涡轮叶栅的流场结构和气动性能．研究工况包括无间隙,0.5%、1.0%、1.5%叶高间隙和±10°、±5°、0°冲角．通过五孔探针获得矩形叶栅出口截面上总压、气流角以及速度分布;通过叶片表面开设的静压孔,获得叶片中部以及靠近叶顶截面的叶片表面静压分布．实验结果表明:叶顶间隙的存在增强了叶栅顶部的二次流动,恶化了上半叶展的流动状况,涡系结构发生了改变．随着叶顶间隙的增大,叶栅总压损失增加,气流偏转不足/过偏现象加剧;随着冲角的增大叶栅总压损失增加．     

椭圆锥乘波体高超声速流场数值计算

采用三阶MUSCL型TVD格式,求解可压缩、雷诺平均拉维尔-斯托克斯方程,计算了椭圆锥演化的乘波体高超声速流动问题。在湍流粘性计算中,采用Spalart-A llmaras代数湍流模型,气流马赫数4、攻角为0°、侧滑角分别为0°和10,°雷诺数Re为2×106,通过计算,得到乘波体表面压强、马赫数等参数分布和流动图谱,计算的椭圆锥演化乘波体表面压力系数与实验数据进行了对比,两者有良好的一致性。数值结果表明,在非设计状态下,一定侧滑角引起的乘波体尾部出现局部高压区,文中的计算分析方法对此类乘波体外形的气动设计有一定的参考价值。     

跨声速旋成体弹丸气动力的数值计算

用三阶MUSCL TVD格式解三维可压缩流动N-S方程组,湍流模式为Sparlart-Allmaras模型,数值模拟了来流马赫数Ma∞=0.96、攻角α=0°和Ma∞=0.91、攻角α=2°条件下的旋成体弹丸跨声速流场,获得的弹体表面压力系数分布数值结果与实验数据吻合良好。同时还给出了流场的马赫数等值线、弹丸底部流线分布图谱,并对计算的弹底涡流结构作了扼要的分析。     

小型前弯离心风机叶轮参数优化

为了提高小型前弯离心风机的气动性能,以汽车座椅通风用离心风机为研究对象,采用数值模拟与正交试验相结合的方法,研究叶片数、叶片出口角、叶片进口角以及叶片厚度对离心风机气动性能的影响. 基于小风量风机性能实验台,验证数值模拟结果的正确性. 选取三水平正交表L9（34）进行此次试验,建立了9种不同参数组合下的叶轮模型,以最大静压为优化目标,采用计算流体动力学方法,得到了最佳离心风机参数组合. 对优化前、后离心风机内部流场的压力与速度分布进行了对比分析. 由正交试验结果分析可知,各参数对离心风机最大静压影响的主次顺序为叶片出口角、叶片进口角、叶片数和叶片厚度;达到最大静压的参数组合为：叶片数55,叶片进口角95°,叶片出口角125°,叶片厚度0.8 mm. 优化后离心风机的无因次特性曲线优于原有风机,在高效率区域静压可提高3.78%~10.67%,具有更好的气动性能. 对比优化前、后离心风机内部流场的压力与速度分布可知,优化后的离心风机内部流场分布更加均匀,在叶轮进口处低压区的压力更低,速度更大,更有利于气流的进入.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that