球磨处理对LiAlH4放氢动力学的影响

采用高能球磨对配位氢化物LiAlH4进行纳米化,通过 X 射线衍射分析,压力、组分等温测试等手段,研究了球磨时间、球料比等球磨参量对LiAlH4的微观结构和等温放氢性能的影响,并在此基础上揭示了球磨对LiAlH4的储氢性能和机制的影响.实验结果表明:LiAlH4分解为Li3AlH6和Al 的放氢阶段与材料的晶粒尺寸有着密切的关系,较小的晶粒尺寸能有效地改善样品的储氢动力学性能;球磨能使 Li3AlH6分解为LiH 和 Al的放氢阶段的起始温度显著降低;在适当的球磨参数下,LiAlH4的放氢有可能按不同于目前普遍认同的放氢模式进行.     

添加纳米TiO2对Mg17Al12吸氢性能的影响

采用高能球磨在Mg17Al12合金中添加纳米级金红石型TiO2,并研究了材料的吸氢动力学性能、结构及微观形貌特征.研究结果表明,纳米TiO2的添加可显著地提高材料的吸氢动力学性能和吸氢量,降低吸氢温度.Mg17Al12合金在573 K及1 150 min的最大吸氢量(质量分数)仅为1.45%,而添加TiO2后,Mg17Al12合金在393 K下可快速吸氢,60 min时的吸氢量达到1.97%,在473 K下15 min内的吸氢量可达到1.68%,饱和时的吸氢量达到了3.94%.X射线衍射分析表明,添加TiO2后,Mg17Al12合金在球磨过程中没有新相生成,但放氢后会出现Al及Al3Ti等相,其中Al3Ti很可能是该反应的催化剂.     

LaNi4.25Al0.75储氢合金的改性

为了提高LaNi4．25Al0．75合金的储氢性能,采用退火、表面镀铜和表面包覆SiO2对合金进行改性,并对处理前、后合金的微观结构和吸放氢性能的变化进行研究。研究结果表明,退火消除了LaNi4．25Al0．75合金中的偏析,减少了内应力,使合金具有平坦的吸氢平台;表面镀铜处理加快了合金的吸、放氢速度,但吸氢含量略有降低,另外,镀铜合金抗粉化性能加强,经10次吸、放氢循环后没有出现粉化现象;表面包覆SiO2前、后,合金的吸氢量变化不大,抗粉化性能加强,经10次吸、放氢循环后没有出现粉化现象。     

LiAlH4/LiNH2复合材料的储氢特性及其机理研究

为改善金属配位氢化物及金属氮氢化物的储氢性能,采用球磨法制备了LiAlH4/LiNH2复合材料,并运用差示扫描量热法和热重等测试方法对球磨样品的储氢性能进行了表征.实验结果表明,LiAlH4/LiNH2复合材料在球磨过程中体系的放氢量(质量分数)达2.6%以上,加热至400℃时体系的总放氢量达到7%.对LiAlH4/LiNH2复合体系的反应机理进行了初步探讨,认为LiAlH4/LiNH2摩尔比对体系放氢性能和反应机理有较大影响.同时还研究了过渡金属Ti对反应体系的催化作用,结果表明催化剂Ti的添加量(摩尔分数)在3%至5%的范围内对体系性能改善作用较好.     

球磨时间对TiZr氢化物掺杂NaAlH4储放氢性能的影响

采用XRD、Sievert等容法储放氢性能测试、SEM等分析手段,研究了球磨工艺对TiZrH1.7～1.9氢化物掺杂NaAlH4材料的形态、物相及可逆储放氢性能的影响.研究结果表明:TiZrH1.7～1.9氢化物掺杂NaA1H4可以实现可逆吸放氢,其中球磨10 h的复合储氢材料在160℃、0.1 MPa放氢条件下,总放氢量(质量分数)达4.5%,40 min可逆放氢量超过3.0%,显示了良好的储放氢动力学性能;TiZrH1.7～1.9氢化物在复合储氢材料吸放氢前后保持物相和结构不变,对NaAlH4配位氢化物的可逆储放氢反应起到了催化改善作用.     

锂离子电池正极材料磷酸钒锂的掺杂

为了降低磷酸钒锂(Li3V2(PO4)3)材料成本并提高材料中活性元素V的利用率,该文采用溶胶凝胶/碳热还原法合成了球形锂离子电池正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3及其掺杂不同金属离子(Al3+、Cr3+、Y3+、Ti4+)的衍生物。电化学测试结果表明,经摩尔分数x为5%的金属离子掺杂修饰后的Li3V2(PO4)3材料的首次充放电容量及循环性能均优于经x=10%的金属离子掺杂的材料。其中Al3+和Ti4+的掺杂更加有效,在3.0~4.8 V、0.5 mA下、摩尔分数为5%的Al3+和Ti4+掺杂后的Li3V2(PO4)3样品中首次充电容量分别为178 mAh.g-1和174.9mAh.g-1。80次循环后放电容量均保持在123 mAh.g-1左右。     

FeCl2掺杂对LiBH4-LiAlH4体系放氢动力学性能的影响

为提高LiBH 4 的放氢动力学性能，研究了LiBH 4 -LiA1H 4 混合金属氢化物体系及FeCl 2 掺杂对其储氢性能的影响，相关因素包括FeCl 2 比例、球磨时间等.研究表明,2 mol% FeCl 2 掺杂的2LiBH 4 -LiAlH 4 样品在450 ℃恒温状态下能放出8.25wt%的氢气，且放氢动力学性能得到显著的改善；在混合氢化物体系中LiAlH 4 和FeCl 2 相互协同，共同作用改善LiBH 4 的储氢性能.     

锌掺杂对Li4Ti5O12负极材料电化学性能的影响

通过溶胶凝胶法制备Li4Ti5O12及锌掺杂Li4-2x/3ZnxTi5-x/3O12(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)活性材料,并优化了最佳掺杂量为x=0.10。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料进行结构、形貌及电化学性能表征。结果表明:掺杂适量的锌离子不会改变钛酸锂的尖晶石结构和形貌,1C时,Li3.93Zn0.10Ti4.97O12放电比容量升高且容量保持率为99.74%;而纯相的容量保持率仅为94.30%。     

Li2SO4质子传导膜H2S固体氧化物燃料电池研究

制备和研究了具有H2S,(MoS2 NiS Ag)/Li2SO4 Al2O3/(NiO Ag),air结构的H2S固体氧化物燃料电池用于产生电能和脱除燃料气体中的H2S.电池在600～650 ℃和大气压下运行.燃料电池的电化学性能受电解膜的组成,电极材料和操作温度影响.掺杂了Al2O3 和少量H3BO4的Li2SO4质子传导膜可以提高膜的机械强度和性能,改善膜的致密性和电池的性能.适宜的Li2SO4 和 Al2O3 比为3～4∶1(质量比), 适宜掺杂H3BO4的量为2%～5%(w).掺杂了Ag粉和电解质的金属硫化物复合阳极在H2S气流下很稳定和性能很好, 掺杂了Ag粉和电解质的的NiO复合阴极在去除H2S时性能优于Pt电极催化剂.在650 ℃电池的最大输出功率密度为70 mW·cm -2,最大电流密度为180 mA·cm -2.然而,电池长期运行的稳定性实验仍有待研究.     

替代元素对ZrMn2合金及其氢化物电子结构的影晌

采用基于密度泛函的赝势平面波方法,计算Zr4Mn6M2(M=Al,Co,Fe,Mn,V)及其氢化物的电子结构,并分析了成键特性。结果表明,Zr4Mn6M2(M=Al,Co,Fe,Mn,V)中晶胞参数值(a、c值),及其相应氢化物的稳定性都随替代元素M的3d轨道电荷占据数的增加而减小。加Co后Zr4Mn6Co2H12中H分别与Co,Mn的相互作用增强,成键更加稳定,可延长合金的循环寿命,并使平台氢压更趋平坦。加V可使合金氢化物中Mn(2)-H间相互作用减弱,因而加V可以减小吸放氢滞后效应,并有效降低平台氢压。     

杂原子HMS介孔分子筛的合成及表征

以十二胺(DDA)为模板剂,正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源,以硝酸铬(Cr(NO3)3·9H2O)为铬源,钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,偏铝酸钠(NaAlO2)为铝源,在一定条件下反应,分别制备了含杂原子Cr,Ti和Al的介孔HMS分子筛.采用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis)、N2吸附—脱附及透射电镜(TEM)等手段对杂原子HMS分子筛进行了表征.XRD结果表明,Cr,Ti和Al杂原子分别嵌入到HMS分子筛骨架;N2吸附—脱附的孔径分布及TEM结果表明杂原子介孔分子筛孔径集中在4nm左右并具有蚯蚓状的孔道结构.     

过渡金属元素X(X=Ni,Ti,V)掺杂对Mg17Al12合金结构的影响

【目的】提高镁铝(Mg-Al)合金材料的储氢性能。【方法】基于密度泛函理论的平面波赝势方法,对过渡金属元素X(X=Ni,Ti,V)掺杂Mg_(17)Al_(12)合金体系的生成焓、电子结构、态密度、电荷密度等进行理论计算研究。【结果】过渡金属元素X替代合金中Mg元素的能量较低,其中Ni的掺杂性能较好;Ni的加入改善了Mg_(17)Al_(12)的储氢性能。且随着Ni浓度的升高,Mg_(17)Al_(12)合金的体积逐渐减小,总态密度峰值依次增大。【结论】过渡金属元素X(X=Ni,Ti,V)的掺杂可使镁铝合金的稳定性得到提升,与实验结果相符。     

Effect of heat treatment on hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy

Effect of heat treatment on the crystal structure, microstructure, hydrogen storage properties and thermal stability of V68Ti20Cr12 alloy prepared by arc-melting was studied in this work. It was found that both the as-cast and annealed (973 K/72 h) V68Ti20Cr12 alloys consisted of a single body-centered cubic (bcc) phase. After heat treatment, the hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetic characteristics of the as-cast alloy was improved greatly due to the homogeneous composition and perfect structure. The mechanism of hydrogen absorption/desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was further investigated according to the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) equation. The hydrogen absorption process of the as-cast and annealed alloys would be controlled by the one-dimensional diffusion process, while the hydrogen desorption process in the as-cast and annealed alloys was dominated by the geometrical contraction model. The pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements show that the plateau pressure of the annealed alloy becomes comparatively flat. Furthermore, the activation energies of the dehydrogenation in the as-cast and annealed alloys were calculated using the Kissinger method, indicating that heat treatment is a very beneficial way to improve hydrogen absorption/desorption kinetics of the alloy.     

Improvement in hydrogen storage performance of Mg by mechanical grinding with molten salt etching Ti3C2Clx

Mg-based materials are currently a hot research topic as hydrogen storage materials due to their considerable theoretical hydrogen storage capacity. However, the kinetic performance of hydrogen absorption and desorption of Mg is too slow and requires high temperature, which seriously hinders the application of this material. MXene is a new type of two-dimensional material with significant role in improving thermodynamics and kinetics. In this experiment, a two-dimensional layered MXene containing Cl functional group was prepared by molten salt etching using the Ti-containing MAX phase as the raw material. Then different ratios of Ti₃C₂Cl_x were uniformly dispersed onto the surface of Mg by high energy ball milling. The samples were characterized by hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics, SEM, XRD, XPS, and DSC to investigate the effect of Ti₃C₂Cl_x on the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg. The onset hydrogen absorption temperature can be reduced to room temperature and the hydrogen release temperature is reduced by 200 ​°C by doping Ti₃C₂Cl_x. And there is also 5.4 ​wt% hydrogen storage in the isothermal hydrogen absorption test at 400 ​°C. The results of DSC demonstrate that the E_a of Mg+15 ​wt% Ti₃C₂Cl_x was reduced by 12.6% compared to pristine Mg. The ΔH is almost invariable. The results of XPS show that the presence of multivalent Ti promotes electron transfer and thus improves the conversion between Mg²⁺/Mg and H⁻/H. This study provides a guideline for further improving the hydrogen absorption and desorption performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage materials.     

Significantly enhanced hydrogen desorption properties of Mg(AlH4)2 nanoparticles synthesized using solvent free strategy

Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles with a particle size less than 10 nm have been successfully synthesized by mechanochemical method using LiAlH_4 and MgCl_2 as raw materials together with Li Cl buffering additive. In comparison to Mg(AlH_4)_2 microparticles, Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles exhibit a faster hydrogen desorption kinetics and lower desorption temperature. The hydrogen desorption temperatures of the first and second dehydrogenation steps are 80 and 220 °C for the Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles, which are about 65 and 60 °C, respectively, lower than those of Mg(AlH_4)_2 microparticles. The decomposition activation energy is reduced from 135 k J/mol for Mg(AlH_4)_2 microparticles to 105.3 k J/mol for Mg(AlH_4)_2 nanoparticles. It is proposed that the shortened diffusion distance and enhanced diffusivity of Mg(AlH_4)_2/MgH_2 nanoparticles provide an energy destabilization for lowering the dehydrogenation temperature, and thus being the key factor for promoting the hydrogen desorption kinetics. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the dehydrided nano MgH_2 hydride with a particle size below 10 nm can be formed after rehydrogenation process, resulting in the good cycling hydrogen desorption performance of nano MgH_2.     

Co_3Ti和氢化Co_3Ti的电子结构与总能(英)

采用紧束缚LMTO（TB－LMTO）方法计算了Co3Ti和它的氢化物Co3TiH的电子结构与电子总能．计算得到的晶格常数及体弹性模量与实验符合得很好．Co3Ti吸收H后的能量及体积变化的结果表明Co3Ti的氢化反应很容易发生，这与实验结果也是相符的．