三维晶粒尺寸及分布对纳米永磁材料磁性能的影响

本文建立厚度为d的晶粒间界相均匀包围边长为D的三维立方体模型.假定晶粒间界相削弱了晶粒间的交换耦合相互作用.研究了晶粒尺寸及分布对纳米永磁材料有效各向异性及矫顽力的影响.结果表明：单个晶粒的平均各向异性随晶粒尺寸D的增大而增大.且材料的有效各向异性Keff和矫顽力Hc均随平均晶粒尺寸的增大而上升,而上升速率逐渐减慢.Keff和Hc随分布系数的增加而下降,且下降速率逐渐减慢.当Pc=0.7,=1.5,K1（0）=0.2Kh,d=2nm时,我们计算的矫顽力与实验数值符合地很好（Pc是无量纲因子,在0到1之间取值.Kh是晶粒内部正常的磁晶各向异性常数,K1（0）和d分别为晶粒间界相的各向异性常数和厚度）.     

低熔点元素及合金改性HDDR钕铁硼磁粉的研究进展

氢化-歧化-脱氢-再复合(HDDR)工艺是制备各向异性钕铁硼(NdFeB)磁粉的主要方法.但HDDR磁粉实际矫顽力(H_C)较低,重稀土元素Dy的引入可以显著提高其H_C,经研究发现引入的Dy主要分布于磁体晶界,起调控晶界相的作用:增加晶界厚度,提高磁粉的各向异性场(H_A).但重稀土元素Dy自然资源匮乏且价格昂贵,限制了HDDR磁粉的发展.为减少磁粉中重稀土元素用量、降低成本,研究人员通过晶界扩散低熔点元素及合金来替代重稀土元素Dy,因低熔点物质在扩散过程中呈液相,提高了扩散介质与晶界相的接触面积及扩散系数,有利于其沿晶界扩散并调控晶界相,使磁粉H_C提高.对近些年晶界扩散低熔点元素及合金提高HDDR-NdFeB磁粉H_C的部分研究成果进行了归纳.     

The variation in the magnetic fluctuation anisotropy across the front boundaries of magnetic clouds and its geomagnetic response

A statistical study of magnetic fluctuations near the front boundaries of magnetic clouds is approached with the method of Minimum Variance Analysis, based on the data of Imp8 and Wind spacecraft. New discoveries are that (1) fluctuation anisotropy tends to increase across the front boundaries of magnetic clouds; (2) there is a good correlation between the fluctuation anisotropy and the geomagnetic activity indices; and (3) in some cases, although there is southward field component immediately after the front boundary, K_p index descends (or D_st index ascends) with a corresponding decrease of the fluctuation anisotropy; in other cases with no distinct southward field component, K_p index ascends (or D_st index descends) with a corresponding increase of the fluctuation anisotropy. Thus we suggest that the fluctuation anisotropy might be a useful indicator in diagnosing the magnetic activities of magnetic clouds.     

交叉轧制对TA1钛箔材组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜和室温拉伸试验研究了交叉轧制对TA1钛箔材组织和性能的影响。结果表明：交叉轧制后,晶粒尺寸减小,组织更加均匀。拉伸测试表明：采用交叉轧制后,塑性升高,强度、各向异性和横向屈强比均显著降低。屈服强度与晶粒尺寸的关系遵循Hall—Petch公式。交叉轧制后,σ₀值显著降低,K值为正值。普通轧制后,σ₀值较高,K值都为负值。     

纳米硬磁相耦合永磁体的有效各向异性与矫顽力

通过建立球状晶粒模型，研究了纳米硬磁相晶粒之间的交换耦合相互作用对晶粒有效各向异性和矫顽力的影响，结果表明随着晶粒直径的减小，晶粒之间的交换耦合相互作用将随之增强，而材料的有效各向异性和矫顽力将逐渐下降。为了保证材料具有较高的各向异性和矫顽力，晶粒的直径应该大于20nm。同时，通过与实验数据的拟合，得到了矫顽力的最佳计算公式(H_c=0.32×2K_eff/J_s)。     

Influence of different rolling processes on microstructure and strength of the Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195

The influence of different rolling processes on precipitation behaviour, crystallography texture, grain morphology, and their consequent effects on tensile properties for Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 was investigated in the present work. The H-T8 samples (hot rolled ?+ ?T8) presented better tensile strength and ductility (with serious strength anisotropy) than the HC-T8 samples (hot rolled ?+ ?cold rolled ?+ ?T8), due to their different microstructures and textures. The higher dislocation density was found in the H-T8 samples, which promoted the nucleation of main strengthening phase T₁ in the matrix and suppressed the grain boundary precipitation, resulted in better strength and ductility. The increase of the dynamic recovery (DRV) during hot rolling enhanced the generation of Brass texture, and brought serious strength anisotropy. The cold rolling was performed after the hot-rolling process for the HC-T8 samples which increased deformation energy and resulted in full recrystallization of the deformed microstructure during the following solution treatment. The formation of recrystallized microstructure reduced the dislocation density and the heterogeneous precipitate nucleation positions which limited the strengthening phase precipitation in matrix and accelerated the precipitation along grain boundaries, resulted in fewer T₁ precipitates, coarse grain-boundary precipitates (GBPs), and wider precipitate-free zones (PFZs). The localized strain may be concentrated on the grain boundary to induce the dislocation pile-up, breaking of the GBPs, and intergranular fracture during stretching.     

Exchange-coupling interaction and effective anisotropy in nanocomposite permanent materials

Taking Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe as example, the exchange-coupling interactions between magnetically soft and hard grains in nanocomposite permanent materials and their effects on the effective anisotropy of materials were investigated. The calculation results expressed that the exchangecoupling interactions are enhanced with the reduction of grain size, and the effective anisotropy of materials decreases with the reduction of grain size and the increase of magnetically soft phase component. The remanence and the effective anisotropy of materials possess the opposite variation trend with the change of grain size and phase ratio. The mean grain size should be in the range of 10–15 nm and the ratio of soft phase should be less than 50% for getting the magnet with high energy product.     

Mechanical properties of TiO2-hydroxyapatite nanostructured coatings on Ti-6Al-4V substrates by APS method

TiO₂-hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructured coatings were produced by atmospheric plasma spray method. The effects of starting powder composition and grain size on their mechanical properties were investigated. The microstructure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is found that the coating with 10% HA has the best mechanical properties. Based on Rietveld refinement method, the mean grain size of the as-received powder (212 nm) extensively decreases to 66.4 nm after 20 h of high-energy ball milling. In spite of grain growth, the deposited coatings maintain their nanostructures with the mean grain size of 112 nm. SEM images show that there is a lower porosity in the coating with a higher HA content. Optical microscopy images show that uniform thickness is obtained for all the coatings.     

Quasisymmetric boundary correspondence and Grötzsch problem

Two necessary and sufficient conditions for the validity of the conjectureK ₀(h) =K ₁(h) are given, which are independent of the complex dilatations of extremal quasiconformal mappings, where K₀(h) is the maximal conformal modulus dilatation of the boundary homeomorphismh, K ₁(h) is the maximal dilatation of extremal quasiconformal mappings that agree withh on the boundary. In addition, when the complex dilatation of an extremal quasiconformal mapping is known, the proof of the result simplifies Reich and Chen Jixiu-Chen Zhiguo’s result.     

Fe层厚度对Fe／Mo多层膜巨磁电阻的影响

详细研究了用溅射法制备的Ｆｅ／Ｍｏ多层膜系统的结构，磁性及磁电阻效应。发现当保护Ｍｏ层厚度为０．８ｎｍ、Ｆｅ层厚度ｄＦｅ由２．２ｎ，减到０．４ｎｍ时，ＧＭＲ在ｄＦｅ〈１．４ｎｍ有一迅速增加，并在ｄＦｅ＝０．９ｎｍ时达极大值，然后下降，矫顽力显示出类似的行为。     

Ameliorating mechanical properties and reducing anisotropy of as-extruded Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy via Al addition

Effects of Al addition to a Mg–Sn–Ca ternary alloy on its microstructure and tensile properties after extrusion were studied via extrusion of Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca-xAl (x ​= ​0, 0.8, 2.4 ​wt%) sheets and analysis of the extruded materials. The results showed that Al addition not only refined the grain size (from 9.8 ​± ​0.7 ​μm to 8.3 ​± ​0.4 ​μm and 7.6 ​± ​0.5 ​μm) but also accelerated the generation of more second phase (from 0.98 to 1.72 and 4.32%). Except for the CaMgSn and Mg₂Ca in Mg-1.0Sn-0.5Ca alloy, new phase (Mg, Al)₂Ca appeared after Al addition. The addition of Al into Mg–Sn–Ca alloy induced the textural variation from an initially ED-split double-peaked texture to a weakened texture, i.e., divergent elliptical texture, due to the effect of particle stimulated nucleation. This eventually contributed to the improvement of mechanical anisotropy as well as the higher Hc value and n-value. For the strain hardening behavior when tension along the TD, the prolonged stage Ⅱ of Al-modified alloys was closely connected with the additional TD textural components, accelerating the activation of more basal slip. The decreased θⅢ0 in stage Ⅲ of Al-modified alloys is beneficial to the grain refinement and the emergence of more second phase.     

Pr掺杂对Ce0.87Sm0.13O2-δ结构及电性能的影响

采用溶胶 凝胶法合成Ce_0.87Sm_0.13-xPr_xO_2-δ(x=0.00, 0.01, 0.02)氧化物, 通过X射线衍射、 拉曼光谱、 场发射扫描电镜对氧化物进行结构表征, 利用交流阻抗谱测试电性能, 并讨论 了掺杂Pr对Ce_0.87Sm_0.13O_2-δ微观结构和电性能的影响. 结果表 明, 掺入少量Pr³⁺可减少或消除晶粒表面和晶界处的坑痕或孔隙, 增加材料的致密 性, 从而降低材料的晶界电阻和电极界面电阻以及晶界电阻在总电阻中所占的比例, 提高了材料的电导率.     

Al-Cu-Mn合金铸锭均匀化工艺及组织性能分析

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析、电导率等检测手段,对铸态和均匀化态的2219合金微观组织、第二相分布及电导率进行研究分析。结果表明,2219合金铸态组织存在着枝晶偏析,在晶界上聚集大量的Al₂Cu相,并有长条状的脆性相Al₇Cu₂（Fe、Mn）穿插在晶界上。经525 ℃均匀化处理22 h后,晶界上Al₂Cu相回溶到基体中,枝晶网络被破坏,枝晶偏析消除,Cu元素从晶界到晶内的分布趋于平稳;处于亚稳态的溶质原子从过饱和固溶体中析出,在晶内呈细小、弥散地分布,基体溶质原子固溶度降低,电子散射作用减弱,电导率提高10 %IACS。     

Investigation of tribological properties of composite C60-LB films

C60, as the third allotrope of carbon element, has al- ways received much attention from material scientists since it was found by Kroto in 1985. It is endowed with many special characteristics[1-4] due to its symmetrical structure such as photo-induced e…     

低频电磁场频率对半连铸高强Al合金组织结构的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜研究了在低频电磁场作用下,电磁场频率对半连铸直径100mm铝合金铸锭显微组织结构的影响·结果表明:与常规铸锭相比,当电流为100A,频率为15Hz时,晶粒尺寸有所减小,并且等轴晶数目增多·当频率增到25Hz时,晶粒细化最明显·随频率继续增大,晶粒尺寸又有所增大;在电流为100A,电磁场频率为25Hz时,晶内位错密度较高,沉淀相尺寸较小,析出相主要为颗粒状的η′,η相和小片状的T相,此时晶界两侧无析出带宽度为100nm左右;当电磁场频率为15Hz时,晶内沉淀相尺寸有所增大,析出相主要为片状和长板条状的η相、片状的T相和颗粒状的η′相,晶界两侧无析出带宽度增到300nm左右...     

High-cycle fatigue crack initiation and propagation in laser melting deposited TC18 titanium alloy

This article examines fatigue crack nucleation and propagation in laser deposited TC18 titanium alloy. The Widmanst?tten structure was obtained by double-annealing treatment. High-cycle fatigue (HCF) tests were conducted at room temperature with the stress ratio of 0.1 and the notch concentration factor K_t = 1. Fatigue cracks initiated preferentially at micropores, which had great effect on the HCF properties. The effect decreased with the decrease of pore size and the increase of distance from the pore location to the specimen surface. The crack initiation region was characterized by the cleavage facets of α lamella and the tearing of β matrix. The soft α precipitated-free zone formed along grain boundaries accelerated the crack propagation. Subsurface observation indicated that the crack preferred to propagate along the grain boundary α or border of α lamella or vertical to α lamella.     

The generalized inverse of singular integral operators on an open arc and its applications

After choosing weight functions suitably, we define a Banach spaceH _ω ^μ (L) and discuss the generalized inverse of singular integral operators on an open arc. Using the generalized inverse, we obtain the solutions for the following singular integral equation

A suspended sediment satellite sensing algorithm based on gradient transiting from water-leaving to satellite-detected reflectance spectrum

In order to remove the fluctuating atmospheric effects from the Case 2 water, an algorithm for retrieval of suspended sediment concentration from NOAA weather satellite imagery was developed under a new approach. This model is based on the linear response from water-leaving to satellite-detected reflectance spectra, simply reflected by the gradient for correlation curve between reflectance of the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) channels 1 (R₁, 580–680 nm) and 2R ₂, 720–1100 nm). Proportional factor for this gradient transiting, mathematically represented as (t_d2÷t_d1) (t_0z2÷t_oz1g), depends on a ratio of atmospheric transmittance for such two channels, including ozone and diffuse transmittance. As a simple but efficient algorithm of gradient, the algorithm of αR₁ R ₂ is selected to retrieve gradient α and then sea surface suspendend sediment concentration.     

Correlation of morphological anisotropy and Lankford value of deep drawing sheets hot-rolled by compact strip production

Cold-rolled steel sheets in automotive applications require an excellent deep draw ability, which is characterized by the Lankford value (r-value). In this study, a correlation was identified between r-value and pancake-shaped grain flatness which is indicated as the ratio of grain diameter in the rolling direction (RD) and normal direction (ND) of sheets (d_r/d_n). A mathematical model (r=e0.345(d_n-1/2-d_r-1/2)) was developed to calculate r-value by the microstructure of steel sheets hot-rolled by compact strip production (CSP). It is shown that the r-value is higher, if the microstructure of steel sheet is of pancake-shaped grains elongated in the rolling direction. The calculated r-value is confirmed to fit exactly to the measured one from the large-scale production.     

拟线性分数阶高阶脉冲微分方程边值问题解的存在性

研究了以下一类拟线性分数阶高阶脉冲微分方程边值问题{Dq0+y(t)=A(t,y)y(t)+f(t,y(t),Φy(t),Ψy(t)),■t∈[0,1],q∈(n-1,n],y(i)(0)=0,Δy(i)|t=tk=0,1≤i≤n-2,k=1,2,…,p,Δy|t=tk=Ik(y(t k)),Δy(n-1)|t=tk=Jk(y(tk)),k=1,2,…,p,y(0)=y0+g(y),y(n-1)(1)=y1+∑m-2j=1bjy(n-1)(ξj)解的存在性。通过定义一个压缩映射并利用Banach不动点定理和Krasnoselskii's不动点定理,得到了边值问题存在唯一解和至少存在一个解的充分条件,最后分别给出一个例子来验证主要结果。