δ13C difference between plants and soil organic matter along the eastern slope of Mount Gongga

Carbon isotope ratios (δ¹³C) of plants, litter and soil organic matter (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm) on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga were measured. The results show that δ¹³C values of plants, litter and soil organic matter all decrease first and then increase with altitude, i.e δ¹³C values gradually decrease from 1200 to 2100 m a.s.l., and increase from 2100 to 4500 m a.s.l. The δ¹³C altitudinal variations are related to the distribution of C₃ and C₄ plants on the eastern slope of Mount Gongga, because C₄ plants are observed to grow only below 2100 m, while C3 plants occur at all altitudes. There are significantly positive correla-tions among δ¹³C of vegetation, δ¹³C of litter and δ¹³C of soil organic matter, and litter, 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm and 10–20 cm soil or-ganic matter are 0.56‰, 2.87‰, 3.04‰ and 3.49‰ greater in δ¹³C than vegetation, respectively. Considering the influences of rising concentration of atmospheric CO₂ and decreasing δ¹³C of atmospheric CO₂ since the industry revolution on δ¹³C of plants, 1.57‰ is proposed to be the smallest correction value for reconstruction of paleovegetation using δ¹³C of soil organic matter.     

三聚氰胺热解产物的特性分析

以有机物三聚氰胺为初始原料, 在真空条件下使其热解（1 000 K）. 采用X射线衍射（XRD）、 透射电子显微镜（TEM）、 X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、 化学元素分析（EA）和傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR) 分析样品的形貌、 成分和结构. 结果表明, 在真空条件下, 三聚氰胺全部分解, 分解产物为片层石墨相C₃N₄.      

Theoretical study on the lithium bond interaction of furan homologues C4H4Y （Y=O,S） with LiCH3 via DFT and MP2

The optimizations geometries and interaction energy corrected by BSSE of the complexes between C4H4Y （Y=O, S） and CHiLi have been calculated at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G^＊＊ and MP2/6-311＋＋G^＊＊ levels. Three complexes were obtained. Abnormally, the calculations showed that all the C10--Li14 bond lengths increased obviously but the blue-shift of C10-Li14 stretching frequency occurred after formed complexes. The calculated binding energy with basis set super-position error （BSSE） and zero-point vibrational energy corrections of complexes I-III is -45.757, -35.700 and -39.107 kJ·mol^-1, respectively. The analyses on the combining interaction with the atom-in-molecules theory （AIM） also showed that a relatively strong lithium bond interaction presented in furan homologues C4H4Y-LiCH3 systems. Natural bond orbital theory （NBO） analysis has been performed, and the results revealed that the complex I is formed with n-σ type lithium bond interaction between C4H40 and LiCH3, complex II is formed with TT-s type lithium bond interaction between C4H4O and LiCH3, and complex III is formed with TT-s and n-s type lithium bond interactions between C4H4S and LiCH3, respectively.     

Spontaneous transformation of C60Br24 to C60 in solvents

It was found that C₆₀Br₂₄ transforms to C₆₀ spontaneously in some solvents. The intermediate, C₆₀Br₈, can be separated in some cases. When the bromine trap, phenol, was added,p-bromophenol and other brominated product were obtained and identified. The influences of time, the kind of solvent, etc were investigated. Possible mechanism was suggested. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Ying: born in 1969, Ph. D     

Different climatic controls of soil δ 13Corg in three mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere since the Last Glacial period

Paleoecological records of soil δ^13Corg from three regions in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, including the Chinese Loess Plateau （CLP）, the Great Plains and adjacent areas of North America and northwestern Europe, showed different variations since the Last Glacial period. An attempt was made to evaluate the causes for the difference in δ^13Corg on the basis of the modern climatic data collected in these regions and of the modern C3 and C4 plant distributions. The analysis indicates that temperature, especially the growing season temperature, has a dominant control on the growth of C4 plants. When the mean annual or growing season temperatures are below the ＂threshold value＂, the growth of C4 plants is limited. When the temperature is above the ＂threshold value＂, C4 plants can grow under a wide range of precipitation. However, when the precipitation is high enough to favor the growth of trees, the proportions of C4 plants in local biomass will decline. The implicit control factor recovered by sedimentary records is consistent with the control factor on modern C3/C4 distribution. Pure C3 plants have been dominating the local biomass since the Last Glacial period in European loess region, mainly owing to the low local temperature. The increases in C4 plants from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene in the Chinese Loess Plateau, the Great Plains and adjacent areas, mainly reflect the influence of increasing temperature.     

Different climatic controls of soil δ~(13)C_(org) in three mid-latitude regions of the Northern Hemisphere since the Last Glacial period

Paleoecological records of soil δ13Corg from three regions in the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, including the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP), the Great Plains and adjacent areas of North America and northwestern Europe, showed different variations since the Last Glacial period. An at-tempt was made to evaluate the causes for the difference in δ13Corg on the basis of the modern climatic data collected in these regions and of the modern C3 and C4 plant distributions. The analysis indicates that temperature, especially the growing season temperature, has a dominant control on the growth of C4 plants. When the mean annual or growing season temperatures are below the "threshold value" , the growth of C4 plants is limited. When the temperature is above the "threshold value" , C4 plants can grow under a wide range of precipitation. However, when the precipitation is high enough to favor the growth of trees, the proportions of C4 plants in local biomass will decline. The implicit control factor recovered by sedimentary records is consistent with the control factor on modern C3/C4 distribution. Pure C3 plants have been dominating the local biomass since the Last Glacial period in European loess region, mainly owing to the low local temperature. The increases in C4 plants from the late Pleistocene to the Holocene in the Chinese Loess Plateau, the Great Plains and adjacent areas, mainly reflect the influ-ence of increasing temperature.     

粉煤灰对阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间及水化研究

通过在阿利特-硫铝酸盐水泥中添加粉煤灰,利用XRD、水化热和SEM来研究粉煤灰对该体系水化过程的影响.结果表明:粉煤灰对该体系有一定缓凝作用;并且随着掺量增加,作用越明显.粉煤灰主要影响水泥早期强度,对后期影响不大;当掺量≥30％时,对后期也有影响.火山灰反应在3d时不太明显,一般在28 d时较容易观察到.     

Research on C<Subscript>3</Subscript>N<Subscript>4</Subscript> superhard compound thin film and its application

By combination of DC reactive magnetron sputtering with multiple arcplating, the alternating C₃N₄/TiN compound film is deposited onto HSS. The core level binding energy and the contents of carbon and nitrogen are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectrum. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows that compound thin film contains hard crystalline phases of α-C₃N₄ and β-C₃N₄. The Knoop microhardness in the load range of 50, 5–54, 1 GPa is measured. According to acoustic emission scratch test, the critical load values for the coatings on HSS substrates are in the range of 40–80 N. The metal coated with C₃N₄/TiN compound films has a great improvement in the resistance against corrosion. Many tests show that such a coating has a very high wearability. Compared with the uncoated and TiN coated tools, the C₃N₄/TiN coated tools have a much longer cutting life. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19875037) Biography: Wu Da-we( (1941-), male, Professor, research direction; thin film and its application.     

制备条件对CuO-Co3O4-ZnO-CeO2催化剂CO脱除性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备CuO-Co_3O_4-ZnO-CeO_2双活性组分中心催化剂,通过比表面积测定、X射线衍射、H2程序升温还原及扫描电镜对催化剂进行表征,考察了不同制备条件(沉淀剂种类、不同焙烧温度及不同活性组分中心比例)对催化剂CO脱除性能的影响。结果表明:活性组分物质的量比为CuO∶Co_3O_4=7.21∶0.95时,采用碳酸铵为沉淀剂,焙烧温度为400℃时,催化剂各组分(CuO、Co_3O_4、ZnO、CeO_2)间相互作用明显,还原性能较优,具有较大的比表面积。活性组分CuO、Co_3O_4分散均匀,显著提升催化剂还原性能和CO脱除能力,可以在80℃下将含有3%CO原料气中的CO脱除(CO转化率97%~99%),2 000min内稳定性能良好,工业前景应用良好。     

少层Ti_3C_2T_x基复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

通过刻蚀Ti_3AlC_2前驱体制得少层Ti_3C_2T_x(DL-Ti_3C_2T_x),以二甲基亚砜为反应溶剂采用溶剂热法控制氧化DL-Ti_3C_2T_x制备了TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2T_x复合材料。借助XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman等对相关样品的物相结构及微观形貌进行表征,并通过罗丹明B的光降解实验评价了所制复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明,复合材料DL-Ti_3C_2T_x片层的表面形成了均匀致密的锐钛矿型TiO_2纳米颗粒,通过控制溶剂热温度能够调控复合材料中DL-Ti_3C_2T_x和TiO_2的相对含量,并且当溶剂热温度为100℃时,所制TiO_2/DL-Ti_3C_2T_x复合材料光催化性能最佳。     

PDA/Fe3O4上浆对碳纤维/聚酰胺6热塑性复合材料力学性能的影响

在碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料中,碳纤维（CF）与热塑性树脂基体间的界面强弱对其整体力学性能有巨大的影响。为改善CF与聚酰胺6（PA6）的界面性能,利用多巴胺（DA）的聚合与黏附特性,将纳米相四氧化三铁（Fe₃O₄）引入到CF表面进行协同修饰,通过简单的浸渍共沉积,利用DA的氧化自聚合在CF表面构建聚多巴胺/纳米四氧化三铁（PDA/Fe₃O₄）涂层。对CF改性前后表面微观结构与化学特性进行了表征,结果表明PDA/Fe₃O₄上浆剂能够显著提高CF表面的粗糙度与化学活性,加强纤维与树脂基体的机械啮合作用与化学相互作用。与未改性CF/PA6复合材料相比,制备得到的改性CF/PA6复合材料表现出优异的力学性能,其弯曲强度、层间剪切强度分别提高了30.8%和29.1%。     

Comparison of the carbon isotope composition of total organic carbon and long-chain n-alkanes from surface soils in eastern China and their significance

Surface soil samples collected over a high spatial resolution in eastern China were analyzed for carbon isotope composition(δ 13C) of total organic carbon(TOC) and higher plant-derived long-chain n-alkanes,with the latter reported as weighted mean values.The two sets of δ 13C values are significantly correlated and show similar trends in spatial variation.The spatial distribution of δ 13C shows less negative values in the mid-latitudes between 31°N and 40°N and more negative ones at higher and lower latitudes.This is consistent with previously reported carbon isotope data from surface soil phytoliths in the same region and suggests that the mid-latitude area provides relatively favorable growing conditions for C4 plants.Furthermore,δ 13C values of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes from 12 surface soil samples collected from a small grassland in north China displayed similar carbon isotope values and the difference between paired δ 13C of a soil samples remains relatively constant.Our data demonstrate that in eastern China,soil δ 13C composition of both TOC and long-chain n-alkanes is effective indicators of C3/C4 ratios of the prevailing vegetation.This work suggests that -22‰ and -32‰ are good estimated end members for the weighted mean δ 13C values of long-chain n-alkanes(C27,C29 and C31 n-alkanes) from soils under dominant C4 or C3 vegetation,allowing us to reconstruct paleovegetation trends.     

电动汽车用锰酸锂与磷酸铁锂动力电池性能比较分析

尖晶石锰酸锂和橄榄石磷酸铁锂离子电池是当前电动汽车用动力电池的主体,采用实验比较研究的方法,对比了两种动力电池正极材料电化学特性,研究了两种材料制备成动力电池的能量密度、功率密度、温度特性、循环寿命以及应用特性.结果表明:除低温性能和功率密度外,磷酸铁锂动力电池在其他方面的性能均优于锰酸锂动力电池.     

LiVOPO4/C的溶液沉积-热解法制备与表征

以LiVOPO₄、蔗糖为原料,采用溶液沉积-热解法制备了LiVOPO₄/C复合材料。采用热重与差热分析、X-射线衍射分析、扫描电镜分析以及电化学测试等手段对LiVOPO₄/C的微观结构、表面形貌和电化学性能进行了研究.结果表明：蔗糖热分解后在LiVOPO₄颗粒的表面包覆形成了一层多孔碳;多孔碳可以有效阻止LiVOPO₄颗粒的聚集,增加电极的导电面积,降低电池极化,改善LiVOPO₄ 的电化学性能;与LiVOPO₄粉末相比,LiVOPO₄/C具有更高的可逆容量、更稳定的循环性能.     

ZnGa2Se4:V3+ 光谱的理论研究

应用区分t₂和e轨道共价性的差异(包含静电部分和晶场部分)并考虑了低对称场的能量矩阵, 在考虑和忽略静电参量B₀₀的条件下, 分别研究了t₂和e轨道共价性的差异对三元半导体ZnGa₂Se₄:V ³⁺能级以及低对称分裂的影响; 计算了ZnGa₂Se₄:V ³⁺晶体的能级的低对称分裂, 并与实验值进行比较. 计算结果与实验值符合很好. 研究发现: 在对ZnGa₂Se₄:V ³⁺晶体的光学性质进行理论研究时, 在能量矩阵的静电和晶场部分同时考虑t₂和e轨道共价性的差异是非常有必要的; 晶场参量B₀₀对ZnGa₂Se₂4:V ³⁺的能级有重要影响, 因此不能忽略.