大弹涂鱼受精卵孵化技术

在水温２３．０－２８．０℃,盐度２０．８－２３．５,ＰＨ８．０－８．１的条件下,大弹涂鱼受精卵经９６ｈ胚胎发育后开始孵出仔鱼,孵化时间延长至１６８ｈ。人工授精卵在筛绢网上上的平均孵化率为４．２－２０．５％;在塑料桶内的平均孵化率为３６．３％－７０．６％。     

鲢鱼(♀)和鲤鱼(♂)杂交的研究

本实验是应用鲤鱼♂和鲢鱼♀为材料,观察了杂交卵胚胎的发育过程和杂交鱼幼苗孵出后的变化,并做了杂交受精卵的石腊切片,用H.E染色,用光镜观察并照象。实验的结果如下: (1)实验证明鲤鱼♂和鲢鱼♀杂交卵的受精率,在三次观察中分别为74％,85％,86％,对照组受精率三次观察分别为73％,89.3％,90％。 (2)鲤♂×鲢♀杂交鱼的孵化率,二次观察计数分别为41％,51％。对照组(鲢♀×鲢♂)孵化率分别为60％,62％,74％,杂交种孵化的时间处于鲢和鲤鱼的中间类型。 (3)鲤鱼♂×鲢鱼♀杂交种鱼苗外部性状,在池塘喂养一个月后,尾鳍条是红的似鲤鱼性状,头部及躯体似鲢鱼,待鱼苗在池塘培育二个月后,完全似鲢鱼性状。 (4)鲤鱼♂×鲢鱼♀杂交后,鱼卵胚胎发育不规则。孵化出来的鱼苗有畸形,其形状为胸部膨大,尾部弯曲。     

双棘黄姑鱼人工育苗技术研究

2002年5月,在集美大学水产学院水产试验场对双棘黄姑鱼人工育苗技术进行了研究。共135万粒受精卵,孵出68万尾仔鱼,孵化率50．3％．在育苗水温为25．4～29．4℃,海水盐度为26．6～30．6,饵料系列为轮虫一卤虫无节幼体一桡足类的条件下,经34d培养,育出全长14．5～24．3mm的双棘黄姑鱼幼鱼18万尾,育苗成活率达26．5％,确立了一套较完善的育苗生产工艺。     

泥鳅去巢流水孵化人工繁殖技术初步研究

采用人工催产、人工授精、去巢流水孵化等技术进行泥鳅人工繁殖技术初步研究。共计催产雌鳅６７尾，获卵４３．７９万粒，平均催产率８６．１％。平均受精率８１．０％，平均孵化率７８．４％，平均出苗率５９．２％。另还描述了泥鳅胚胎发育主要阶段的观察结果。     

皱纹盘鲍(Haliotis discus hannai)与黑足鲍(Haliotis iris)杂交育苗的初步研究

采用新的性腺发育控制技术和温控转换受精技术,对皱纹盘鲍与黑足鲍进行了杂交和自交育苗比较研究.结果表明,皱纹盘鲍♀×黑足鲍6的杂交受精率和孵化率分别为23.4％和32.87％,皱纹盘鲍自交受精率和孵化率分别为77.97％和76.86％,二者附着率和变态率相近;在水温20℃,盐度3.0％的条件下,杂交鲍胚胎发育速度明显比自交鲍滞后,但生长速度明显高于皱纹盘鲍,体现出较好的杂交优势.     

近亲交配对小菜蛾产卵量、孵化率的影响

本文观察了25±10C条件下小菜蛾杂交品系与近亲交配品系的产卵规律及卵的孵化率。结果表明,两种饲养方式的小菜蛾在产卵总量、产卵前期、产卵期、雌成虫寿命等方面无明显差异,分别为83．1-239．3粒/雌、1．6-3．2 d、6．8-11．1 d、10．7-15．4 d。但近亲交配的小菜蛾到一定代数后出现卵的孵化率下降、雌成虫不产卵的个体,即不育个体增多的现象。在本文观察中,近亲交配的小菜蛾连续培养到第3代时,卵的孵化率为71．1％,显著低于杂交系的93．9％;第4代自交系的孵化率为60．1％,亦显著低于第4代杂交系的96．1％。第3、4代近亲交配品系的小菜蛾雌成虫不育率分别为9．0％、17．9％。     

黄姑鱼♀与大黄鱼♂杂交试验与AFLP分析

开展了黄姑鱼♀与大黄鱼♂杂交试验,并对杂交F1初孵仔鱼进行了AFLP分析.黄姑鱼♀与大黄鱼♂杂交能够正常受精,杂交受精率为93.54%,受精卵正常发育、孵化,孵化率为86.23%,但仔鱼在开口后一周内全部死亡.利用8对选择性扩增引物组合对亲本和杂交后代（家系）初孵仔鱼进行AFLP分析,共得到456个条带,其中母本特异条带（Female Special Band,FSB）178条、父本特异条带（Male Special Band,MSB）187条、双亲共有条带（Mutual Band,MuB）91条.且其中84条（47.2%）FSB、89条（47.6%）MSB和75条（82.4%）MuB为全部杂交仔鱼共有,其余94条（52.8%）FSB、98条（52.4%）MSB和16条（17.6%）MuB在杂交后代中发生了分离.分离的FSB和MSB中分别有33.0%和28.6%表现为偏分离.AFLP分析结果表明,黄姑鱼♀与大黄鱼♂杂交的初孵仔鱼含有双亲的条带,是真正的杂交种,是构建大黄鱼与黄姑鱼遗传图谱以及研究杂种在细胞和分子水平隔离机制的适合材料.     

日本黄姑鱼胚胎发育及温度对其过程的影响

用Nikon显微镜观察了日本黄姑鱼胚胎发育全过程,并比较了受精卵在13种温度下胚胎的发育状况。结果表明:在水温为20～22.5℃、盐度29.9和pH 8.2条件下,从受精卵至孵化出膜总历时34 h 55 min,胚胎发育过程可划分为21期;孵化水温对受精卵的孵化率、畸形率和孵化时间有显著影响,孵化时数(h)、孵化积温(A)与平均水温(θ)密切相关,h=4265.9θ-1.547 9,A=3.420 1θ2-168.99θ+2 786.1;有效积温为480.04～553.96℃.h,阈温度为7.01℃,但实际孵化水温须高于12℃,14～28℃胚胎均能正常孵化。适宜孵化水温为17～22℃,孵化率高于89%,畸形率低于16%。     

白甲鱼（♀）与瓣结鱼（♂）杂交种的胚胎和胚后发育

以白甲鱼为母本,瓣结鱼为父本进行人工杂交,在１１０～１６８℃自然水温条件下静水孵化,历时７１小时３０分孵化出膜．在１３８～２３２℃水温条件下,出膜３０ｄ后完成稚鱼发育,进入幼鱼发育阶段．经测定结果显示,受精率８７％,胚胎畸形率６７％,孵化率３３％,出膜仔鱼畸形率２０％．杂交种鱼既具有父本性状,又具有母本部分性状,证实绝非单性生殖．鱼巴亚科这两种不同属间鱼杂交表现出亲和性．     

温度对花尾胡椒鲷胚胎发育的影响

研究了花尾胡椒鲷（Plectorhinchus cinctus)胚胎发育与孵化温度的关系,实验共设10个温度梯度组,实验结果表明：花尾胡椒鲷胚胎发育的适温范围为18－30度,最适温度范围为21－27度,在35度下,胚胎发育终止于尾芽期,而9－15度各组的胚胎发育终止于原肠期,24度试验组的孵化率最高,为96．5度,政党仔鱼孵出率也最高,为95．3％,在24度条件下孵化,初孵仔鱼平均全长最大（1．885mm),而卵黄囊体积最小,统计结果表明,孵化温度T与孵化时间H呈明显的曲线关系,相关方程为：H＝0．0896T2－6．1123T＋118．86,R2＝0．9986,温度与积温S的相关方程则为：S＝0．896T3－6．1123T2＋118．86T。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-