SAR图像平稳小波变换相干斑抑制方法

提出了一种基于平稳小波变换的合成孔径雷达 (syntheticaperturradar,SAR)图像相干斑噪声抑制方法 ,即通过对SAR图像进行多层平稳小波变换 ,对平稳小波变换的细节图像信号进行阈值处理 ,以达到相干斑噪声抑制的目的 .实验结果表明 :此方法除了对相干斑噪声有很好的抑制作用外 ,还保留了尽可能多的目标特征和图像细节 ,有着较好的图像视觉效果 .     

基于小波域中SOT结构的SAR相干斑抑制

论述了在小波域中通过空间向树结构对合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像相干斑噪声的抑制。首先从SAR图像相干斑噪声产生的机理出发,论述了采用传统滤波方法去除SAR图像中相干斑噪声的局限性以及在小波变换域中如何通过空间向树结构对相干斑噪声进行有效的滤波;实验结果表明,此方法对SAR图像相干斑噪声有良好的抑制作用,同时还尽可能多保留目标的纹理细节。     

基于形态学和盲源分离合成孔径雷达水体提取

采用一种新的基于独立分量分析(independentcomponent analysis,ICA)盲源分离(blind source separation,BSS)和形态学开重构(open reconstruction)的方法实现多极化合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)影像相干斑噪声抑制和水体目标快速提取.SAR影像具有强烈乘性相干斑噪声,影像数据为非高斯分布,具体分布形式未知.利用独立分量分析方法,不需要知道SAR影像的具体分布,通过对数量化将相干斑噪声转化为与图像数据相互独立的加性噪声,从多极化SAR影像中自动分离出图像数据与相干斑噪声,并自动选择相干斑指数最小的分量为图像分量.针对SAR影像水体目标的亮度及形状分布特征,进一步采用形态学开重构运算,从分离出的图像分量中提取出水体目标.利用ENVISAT ASAR多极化影像进行了实验,结果表明该方法可以快速准确地提取多极化SAR影像中的水体目标.     

NSST域三维块匹配的SAR图像相干斑抑制算法

为了降低合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像中相干斑噪声对后续应用的影响,提出一种基于非下采样剪切波变换(non-subsampled Shearlet transform,NSST)域三维块匹配的相干斑抑制算法。该方法能够充分利用图像的自相似性和稀疏性,在抑制相干斑的同时保留图像的细节。为了较少计算量并增强相似块匹配的鲁棒性,使用灰度理论(grey theory,GT)进行相似性度量得到相似块组; 为了获得更多方向的细节信息,将相似块组变换到NSST域实现多尺度多方向的分解并对系数进行收缩滤除相干斑噪声; 将NSST系数反变换并利用相似性作为权重得到相干斑抑制后的SAR图像。通过在真实SAR图像上进行测试实验,进一步验证了相似块匹配方法及相干斑抑制算法的有效性,有利于SAR图像的后续应用。     

基于自适应分块马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型的SAR图像变化检测研究

现有的合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像变化检测算法仅仅考虑图像的单一像素信息,未考虑图像像素间的空间依赖关系,检测结果易受图像噪声的影响,检测精度较低。将马尔可夫随机场模型引入到SAR图像变化检测算法中,极大地提高了检测精度,但是算法计算量很大,效率极低。基于分块马尔可夫随机场模型的SAR图像变化检测算法极大地提高了检测效率,但是检测过程中采用固定尺寸的图像分块方法,未考虑图像的局部细节特征,检测效果不是很理想。首先根据图像局部细节特征将图像划分成尺寸变化的子图像块,然后利用基于马尔可夫随机场模型的SAR图像变化检测算法实现变化检测。实验结果表明,提出的算法既保持了很高的检测精度,又极大地提高了检测效率。     

利用区域划分的合成孔径雷达图像相干斑抑制算法

为在有效保护合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像边缘特征的同时进一步提高乘性相干斑噪声的抑制性能,提出了一种基于区域划分的SAR图像相干斑抑制(DABRS)算法.首先利用带方向的高斯-伽马平行窗通过比率运算生成边缘强度映射(ESM),并利用阈值化ESM对SAR图像进行区域划分,然后利用改进的变窗Kuan滤波与改进的Sigma滤波分别对SAR图像的均匀区域与边缘区域进行相干斑抑制.为进一步提高抑斑效果,两种改进抑斑算法均采用迭代滤波方式,且改进Kuan滤波的窗尺度随迭代次数的增加而增大.实验结果表明:与多种抑斑算法相比,DABRS算法在抑斑与边缘保护方面具有优势,等效视数提高超过30％,边缘保持指数提高8％以上,而且抑斑图像同质区还具有更平滑的视觉效果.     

基于局部统计的自适应SAR图像去噪算法研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像固有的相干斑噪声对图像质量有严重影响,使检测、识别等进一步应用受到很大限制.相干斑噪声是一种乘性噪声,传统的空域去噪算法(均值滤波、中值滤波)难以将其消除.针对SAR图像的去噪问题,本文研究了Lee滤波和Kuan滤波两种基于局部统计的自适应去噪算法,给出了MATLAB实现并在MSTAR的SAR图像上进行实验.结果表明,Lee滤波和Kuan滤波都能够有效抑制SAR图像的相干斑噪声,去噪图像更平滑,目标更清晰.与传统的均值滤波和中值滤波相比,这两种基于局部统计的自适应去噪算法在视觉效果、方差和等效视数等评价指标上取得更好效果.     

基于NSCT变换与自蛇扩散的SAR图像相干斑抑制算法

针对SAR图像中乘性相干斑噪声的抑制与边缘保护问题,提出了一种基于非下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)与自蛇扩散的抑斑新算法。该算法先利用NSCT变换对SAR图像进行多层子带分解,然后借助自蛇扩散对SAR图像不同子带分别实施参数不同的扩散滤波,最后对各去噪子带进行NSCT重构获得的SAR图像再次进行自蛇扩散滤波处理,从而实现带有边缘保护与增强的SAR图像相干斑抑制。实验表明,与多种传统抑斑算法相比,本文算法在相干斑抑制与边缘保护性能上均有明显提升。     

基于非下采样轮廓波变换与自蛇扩散的合成孔径雷达图像相干斑抑制算法

针对合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)图像中乘性相干斑噪声的抑制与边缘保护问题,提出了一种基于非下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)与自蛇扩散的抑斑新算法;该算法先利用NSCT变换对SAR图像进行多层子带分解;然后借助自蛇扩散对SAR图像不同子带分别实施参数不同的扩散滤波;最后对各去噪子带进行NSCT重构获得的SAR图像再次进行自蛇扩散滤波处理,从而实现带有边缘保护与增强的SAR图像相干斑抑制。实验表明,与多种传统抑斑算法相比,本文算法在相干斑抑制与边缘保护性能上均有明显提升。     

基于自适应分块MRF模型的SAR图像变化检测研究

现有的SAR图像变化检测算法仅仅考虑图像的单一像素信息,未考虑图像像素间的空间依赖关系,检测结果易受图像噪声的影响,检测精度较低。将马尔可夫随机场模型引入到SAR图像变化检测算法中,极大地提高了检测精度,但是算法计算量很大,效率极低。基于分块马尔可夫随机场模型的SAR图像变化检测算法极大地提高了检测效率,但是检测过程中采用固定尺寸的图像分块方法,未考虑图像的局部细节特征,检测效果不是很理想。论文首先根据图像局部细节特征将图像划分成尺寸变化的子图像块,然后利用基于马尔可夫随机场模型的SAR图像变化检测算法实现变化检测。实验结果表明,论文提出的算法既保持了很高的检测精度,又极大地提高了检测效率。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the