微腔型传感器的电化学表征及其应用初探

利用微机械加工技术、各向异性腐蚀技术研制了具有三维结构的微腔型传感器，微芯片（3×6mm^2）具有三维腔体（腔深300μm，铂工作电极1．21.2mm^2，Ag/AgCl参比）。工作电极与Ag/AgCl参比集成在同一微 芯片上，作者对微腔型电极进行了电化学特性的表征，并测试了微芯片上Ag/AgCl参比电极的性能，考察了微腔型传感器在化学传感器、生物传感器方面的初步应用。对H2O2，半乳糖进行检测。     

针型复合钨/氧化钨微型pH复合电极的研制及应用

利用自制的钨/氧化钨为p H指示电极,以Ag/Ag Cl电极为参比电极,组装于不锈钢针头内,制成针型钨/氧化钨微型p H复合传感器.该复合p H电极对H+的响应范围为p H=2.0~11.0,能斯特响应斜率为-53.83 m V/p H,响应时间小于1 min.该电极具有机械强度高、响应快、重现性好、制作简单等优点,并已应用于水果原位微区测量,具有较好的效果.     

简易非水电位测定参比电极——Pt/(Ⅰ_3~-+Ⅰ~-)电极的制备

本文以微孔细陶作为电极内充液的支撑材料,制备了简易参比电极一Pt/(I_3~-+I~-)电极。初步考察了Pt/(I_3~-+I~-)电极在水溶液及多种有育机溶剂中的稳定性,并与Ag/AgCl、甘汞电极进行比较。实验结果表明,Pt/(I_3~-+I~-)电毁不仅在介电常数较大的有机溶剂中有稳定电位,在某些介电常数较小的有机溶剂中也有稳定电位。在水溶液中其电位稳定性不亚于Ag/AgCl、甘汞电极,可用怍测水溶液 pH 值的参比电极。Pt/(I_3~-+I~-)电捉还具育结构简单容易制备等院点。     

氢离子中性载体电极用于环境含氟废水中pH值的检测

设计合成了一种用于环境含氟废水中pH值测定的氢离子中性载体材料,即（o-羟基苄基）二正十二胺（Ⅱ）,其聚氯乙烯膜电极的电位响应pH线性区间为2．0～12．5,能斯特响应斜率为56．9±0．4mV／pH（25℃）．该电极具有内阻低、响应快、电位选择性高、重现性好与稳定性高的优点,且不受氢氟酸侵蚀和不易破碎,能很好地被应用于环境含氟废水样品的pH值测量．     

铁氰化镍／银复合修饰电极的制备及对盐酸麻黄碱的电催化作用

在含有Ag^＋、Ni^2＋、K3Fe（CN）6的胶体混合溶液中,用电化学沉积方法制备了铁氰化镍／银复合膜（NiHCF／Ag）修饰石墨电极（SG）．在pH5．00的醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液中,NiHCF／Ag／SG修饰电极对盐酸麻黄碱的电极反应有催化作用,盐酸麻黄碱还原峰的峰电流与浓度在8．00×10^-6～1．30×10^-3mol／L范围内呈良好线性关系（r=0．982）,检出限为5．00×10^-7mol／L．该电极已成功用于医用注射液中盐酸麻黄碱含量的测定,回收率为95.4％～104％．     

毛细管微电极制备参数优化

采用电解氯化法制备Ag/AgCl参比电极,结合铂丝辅助电极及毛细玻璃管制作微区电化学测试用毛细管微电极,借助电化学测试及微观形貌分析研究了不同电解工艺参数及毛细管管口口径对微电极性能的影响。结果表明,随着电解极化电流密度、极化时间、电解液浓度的增加,所制备的Ag/AgCl参比电极稳定性先增加后降低,在浓度为0.25mol/L的HCl溶液中以3.2mA/cm~2的极化电流密度极化30min时,所制Ag/AgCl参比电极稳定性最佳;将微电极的毛细管管口口径控制在50～110μm时,可保证较高的微区电化学测试成功率。     

基于Ni-MOF@RGO修饰玻碳电极的电化学法无酶检测血液中的葡萄糖

选用一种水热法制备的金属有机骨架材料Ni-MOF,将其与还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)复合,修饰在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,构建了用于葡萄糖检测的无酶传感器.以Ni-MOF@RGO/GCE为工作电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极,铂丝为对电极,将该三电极系统置于含有葡萄糖的标准碱性溶液中,于0.3～0.7 V内进行扫描,记录葡萄糖的响应氧化还原电流.结果显示,葡萄糖的浓度在1～80μM以内与其对应的峰电流呈良好线性关系,检出限为0.36μM(S/N=3).基于Ni-MOF@RGO修饰电极对50μM葡萄糖标准溶液平行测定5次,测定值的相对标准偏差为4.3%.对血清进行加标回收试验,葡萄糖的回收率为96.4%～104.6%.     

氧化还原蛋白质在海藻酸钠溶液中的直接电子转移

将血红蛋白（Hb）、葡萄糖氧化酶（GOD）溶解在海藻酸钠（SA）溶液中，GOD和Hb均能在裸的玻碳电极（GCE）上发生有效和稳定的直接电子转移反应。实验结果表明，在海藻酸钠溶液中，GOD（pH=5．0）和Hb（pH=7．0）分别在裸的GCE上有一对很好的几乎对称的氧化还原峰；其式量电位（E°′）分别为一0．406V和～0．413（vs．Ag／AgCl），且不随扫速而变。GOD和Hb分别在裸的GCE表面直接电子转移的表观速率常数ks分别是（1．46±0．62）s^-1和（1．36±0．50）s^-1，在298K，其吉布斯自由能（△G）分别是79．35kJ·mol^-1和37．49kJ·mol^-1对葡萄糖和H2O2的电催化实验表明，海藻酸钠溶液形成了GCE与GOD或Hb之间实现“软接触”的生物环境，保持了Hb和GOD的生物和电化学活性。     

离子缔合型钾离子半导体传感器的研究

本文以四苯硼钠为活性物质，THF为溶剂，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为增塑剂，研制了钾离子半导体传感器，该传感器用Ag—AgCl作参比电极，其线性范围为1&;#215;10^-4～1mol/L硝酸钾，检测下限为5&;#215;10^-5mol／L，响应斜率为55mv／pk(20℃)，在标准溶液中响应时间小于1分钟。     

固体参比电极的研究

研究了压片烧结的固体隔膜的制备和特性,并用此制备了无明显液流的Ag/AgCl固体参比电极。讨论了电极在部分溶液的电化学行为、原料、制备工艺对电极性能的影响,还提出了进一步改善电极性能的途径。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-