管流实验装置中原油温度分布研究

利用管流实验装置可以模拟原油在实际管道中的动态降温、静态降温以及再启动的全过程,然而,在模拟过程中管内油品温度场分布、管内油品降温速率与管外水浴降温速率的关系等问题仍未解决.在FLUENT平台上对管流实验中的动态及静态降温过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,按照实验中设定的降温速率进行降温,动态降温过程中油壁温差在0.16℃以内,静态降温过程中油壁温差在0.05℃以内,可以认为实验过程中某一时刻管路截面上油温是一致的.     

热油管道停输后初始启动压力波速的计算

热油管道停输后，管内油品降温收缩，管内会产生油蒸气空间，从而使管道再启时出现启动充装过程。启动压力波速不仅取决于管子的弹性变形和油品的弹性特征，而且与流体的降温幅度和启动流量的大小有关。     

多相复合陶瓷刀具材料热压过程的计算机模拟与工艺设计Ⅰ——温度场模拟与工艺设计

建立了陶瓷刀具材料热压过程的传热模型,并以Al2O3／SiC／(W,Ti)C多相复合陶瓷刀具材料为例,通过采用计算机模拟技术对坯体温度场的研究,进行了相应的热压工艺设计．结果表明：升降温速率的大小及烧结前气孔的存在对坯体内温度场影响较大．综合考虑材料性能和制各效率的要求,在本试验条件下,升温速率以0．5～0．75℃／s而降温速率以0．33℃／s为宜．从温度场的角度来看,在陶瓷刀具材料热压成型之前,应先冷压成坯,以提高坯体的初始相对密度,降低热压过程中的温差,改善材料的物理力学性能。     

顺序输送成品油质量指标值衰减规律研究进展

相邻批次间混油拖尾现象的跟踪和油品质量指标的预测是混油切割及制定成品油管网调度计划的基础。然而油品质量指标的变化规律因拖尾段存在反常扩散、流动与传热耦合及复杂边界条件影响等问题而尚未得到有效揭示。针对"工业4. 0"背景下成品油管网大规模、高精度、智能化运行的需要,综述了管道中混油拖尾、质量指标值衰减过程的相关研究进展,总结了利用实验和数模揭示油品按不同比例混合后质量指标值变化规律的相关研究的现状和局限性。评述了组分油体积分数与管流过程拖尾现象的关系模型、油品成分与质量指标的关系模型,并梳理了相关的实验研究。指出今后将重点开展3个层次的研究:通过静态混合实验测定不同油品按不同比例在不同状态下混合后的不同质量指标值的变化规律,建立单组分分析模型及预测质量指标值的混合规则;探究考虑反常扩散过程的混油拖尾现象的机理,构建混油段形成拖尾效应的反常扩散模型;探究混油段质量指标值在管流过程中的变化规律,构建基于拟组分体积分数的混油段质量指标值的衰减规律模型。最终得到全面反映顺序输送管道内混油拖尾、质量指标值衰减现象的变化规律,为管输成品油的混油量控制、油品质量控制、切割方案制定提供了理论支持。     

熔融结晶分离提纯对间硝基氯苯的研究

研究了对位硝基氯苯和间位硝基氯苯在不同组成下的结晶情况，考察并分析了各种操作条件如降温速率、结晶终温和发汗终温等对熔融结晶过程中不同因素的影响．结果表明：对位组成为89．31％的最佳操作分离条件是降温速率0．05—0．055℃／min，结晶时间460～500min，结晶终温58—62℃，发汗终温82—83℃；间位组成为76．03％的最佳分离条件是加入晶核温度32．5～33℃，降温速率0．015～0．016℃／min，结晶终温26．5～28℃，发汗终温34～36℃．用最小二乘法建立了与实验结果拟舍良好的数学方程，获得了有益的操作参数并进行了模拟计算．     

热油管道停输后初始启动压力波速的计算

热油管道停输后,管内油品降温收缩,管内会产生油蒸气空间,从而使管道再启动时出现启动充装过程。启动压力波速不仅取决于管子的弹性变形和油品的弹性特征,而且与流体的降温幅度和启动流量的大小有关。考虑管子、流体的弹性变形和管内液体的降温收缩,从质量守恒的原则出发,推导了热油管道停输后启动压力波速的计算公式。对长距离热油管道进行的现场试验表明,该公式适用于工程计算。     

12集总重油热解反应产物分布模型的开发

在 4 0 0～ 5 0 0℃范围内 ,利用升降温速率快、控温平稳的特制重油热转化反应静态实验设备 ,完成了重油的热转化反应。利用索式抽提对残渣油中的缩合产物进行了分析 ,利用液相色谱对馏分油进行了切割分析。假定裂解和缩合反应均为一级且反应产物不参加二次反应 ,开发了 12集总重油热裂解产物分布模型 ,相关系数R和F检验结果表明 ,在低转化率时 ,该模型可以用来预测在非反应条件下重油热解及缩合反应行为。     

采用焓法方程计算埋地管道含蜡原油停输温降

埋地热含蜡原油管道停输后,当管内原油温度降到析蜡点以下时,原油中的蜡晶将逐渐析出。根据含蜡原油降温过程中蜡结晶放热的特点,使用焓法方程对析蜡点以下伴随有析蜡胶凝现象的原油降温过程进行了数学描述,并详细给出了使用有限元法对焓法方程进行求解的方法。将焓法方程的计算结果与Φ426mm×6mm管道实测数据进行了对比。结果表明,土壤的计算温度和实测温度最大偏差在1.4℃以内,管内平均温度的计算值与实测值的偏差为0.3℃。由此证明了使用焓法方程计算埋地热油管道停输温降具有较高的准确性。     

化学反应速率和活化能的测定实验的微型化研究

针对化学反应速率和活化能的测定实验中普遍存在的试剂易变质、试剂用量过大进行了准微型化和微型化实验研究,其中对温度在对化学反应速率中的影响,没有必要严格按温差10℃进行,只需在10℃左右甚至更小的温差则可以进行实验,这一实验改变以往化学反应速率和活化能的测定必须在严格温差下进行的惯例,简化了操作,有效地提高了实验效率.     

采用焓法方程计算埋地管道含蜡原油停输温降

埋地热含蜡原油管道停输后,当管内原油温度降到析蜡点以下时,原油中的蜡晶将逐渐析出.根据含蜡原油降温过程中蜡结晶放热的特点,使用焓法方程对析蜡点以下伴随有析蜡胶凝现象的原油降温过程进行了数学描述,并详细给出了使用有限元法对焓法方程进行求解的方法.将焓法方程的计算结果与Φ426 mm×6 mm管道实测数据进行了对比.结果表明,土壤的计算温度和实测温度最大偏差在1.4 ℃以内,管内平均温度的计算值与实测值的偏差为0.3 ℃.由此证明了使用焓法方程计算埋地热油管道停输温降具有较高的准确性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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