具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

自蔓延焊条的焊接工艺性研究

研究了焊药密实度、焊前预热、焊接速度、试板厚度和后热等对自蔓延焊条的焊接工艺性影响规律.结果发现,当药粉密度在2.60~2.80g/cm3时,自蔓延焊条燃烧速度为10.5mm/s,焊接可控性好.焊前350℃预热可以增加焊接熔深,实现单面焊双面成形效果.焊接速度取决于试板厚度,提高焊接速度明显降低较厚试板的焊透性和焊接效果.后热对自蔓延焊条工艺性能没有显著影响.     

凸焊螺母的焊接工艺研究

针对凸焊螺母焊后脱落,一侧烧黑,内螺纹变形和粘附焊渣等焊接质量缺陷,本文从多凸点焊前的均衡受力,均匀变形角度分析了造成上述缺陷的主要原因,提出一种自定位组合电极,经试验分析和电极形式及电极头尺寸是多凸点凸焊工艺的关键影响因素,进而确定了自定位组合电极焊接时的合适工艺参数,从根本上解决了多凸点焊接领域这一长期存在的质量缺陷。     

爆炸焊接压力焊机理研究

实验表明，爆炸焊接界面虽然具有熔化、扩散和压力的特征，但不能用熔焊和扩散焊机理来解释爆炸焊接界面的成因。通过实验和理论研究，提出并证实了爆炸焊接是一种特殊的压力焊。为了获得没有熔化的微小波状的良好界面，爆炸焊接装药参数应取焊接窗口的下限。     

全方位焊接工装在焊接实践教学中的应用

焊接训练是提高学生动手能力,培养学生实践精神的重要的工程实践训练项目。学生在焊接训练中使用适应实践教学的焊接工装,能够进行平、立、横、仰等各种焊接位置和接头形式的焊接,能够完成角焊缝和环形焊缝的焊接,可以加深学生对焊接的认识和了解,提高学生的动手能力和工程实践能力,满足不同层次的学生的需求。     

埋弧焊在箱型梁焊接中的应用

为解决工业锅炉钢架中梁柱焊接时采用焊条电弧焊存在的问题,生产了具有埋弧焊技术的龙门焊机。介绍了龙门焊机的技术参数、应用效果及实际应用后的改进情况,并对应用中存在的问题进行了总结。     

弧焊机器人焊枪姿态的自动规划

针对弧焊机器人离线编程中的关键问题，研究了在焊接过程中焊枪姿态的自动规划技术，提出了焊缝和工艺信息的定义与获取、焊枪所在的最佳工作平面、焊枪可行域及其姿态的自动规划等方面的新概念和方法．通过采用这种方法，将三维问题的焊枪姿态规划转化为焊枪工作平面的二维问题来处理，并方便地得到了满足焊接工艺要求、焊枪与工件无碰撞干涉的可行区域，最后结合焊接工艺专家系统就可以最终确定焊枪在每一焊接位置的空间姿态．     

手工电弧焊与CO2气体保护焊焊缝成形特征研究

采用手工电弧焊与CO2气体保护焊对Q235钢板进行表面堆焊,研究了两种焊接方法的焊缝成形特征．结果表明,虽然手工电弧焊是气渣联合保护,有利于焊缝成形,但手工操作使得焊接速度难以保证匀速,导致焊缝表面粗糙,焊缝弯曲不平直;并且由于药皮焊条直径粗,导致手工电弧焊热影响区宽．而细丝CO2气保焊由于形成稳定的熔滴过渡,使得焊缝表面波纹细致、美观,焊缝平直,热影响区窄．CO2气保焊能精确控制焊接规范,可通过调节焊接规范来获得良好的焊缝成形,手工电弧焊不能精确控制焊接规范,不利于得到成形良好的焊缝．     

电弧焊焊接材料的发展现状及趋势

阐述了国内外电弧焊焊接材料的应用现状,对比了我国电弧焊焊接材料与发达国家之间的差距,分析了制约我国电弧焊焊接材料发展的主要因素,提出了我国电弧焊焊接材料发展面临的问题及将来发展的主要方向.     

燃烧型焊条焊接A3钢的研究

基于燃烧合成技术的燃烧机理和焊接母材的成分配制焊药．并成形可用于手工操作的燃烧型焊条．对A3钢进行焊接实验。通过对焊接试件的力学性能测试和金相分析,结果表明,焊接试件的结合方式为冶金结合．且焊缝合金凝固时析出第二相,提高焊缝合金的性能,使得试件的抗拉强度（σb）达到370MPa,抗弯强度（σf）达到1100MPa,成功实现燃烧型焊条对A3钢的焊接。     

结构钢焊条焊接电参数分析

采用德国汉诺威大学发明的焊接质量分析系统，对结构钢E4303和E5015型焊条在焊接过程中的电参数进行随机检测，对电弧电压、焊接电流波形和短路时间、燃弧时间、过渡周期等参数的概率分布进行了分析研究，精确地确定了最大值、平均值等。对实验结果的分析，可以更具体地了解焊条熔滴过渡特征和评估其工艺质量。