星期的由来

星期是日常生活中一个常用的概念与名称，其来历与说法众多，它们之间有何联系，探讨星期的来历与不同的说法就是阐述、分析的真正目的与意义之所在．     

“星期”的由来

3000年以来,每星期7日的星期制度一直沿用至今。到底每星期7日是怎样制定的?它的来历传说有多种。一说是埃及人最早根据月亮绕地球运行规律而制定的。据理是月亮由朔日到上弦,再由上弦到望日,或由望日到下弦,由下弦再到朔日,差不多都是7日。这种讲法大概就是现在星期制度的前身了,可见那时已有科学根据。     

滏阳河灯

滏阳河灯历史悠久,它来自古老的民间祭祀活动,最初的目的是祭祀神灵,求得上天保佑,使民间风调雨顺,五谷丰登,国泰民安。据《邯山区志》记载,放河灯的来历有两种说法:一说过去滏阳河上水运发达,从位于河流上游的峰峰等地运输煤、瓷器等     

美国的“驴”与“象”

今年是美国的大选年。从1788年第一届算起,今年进行的是第52届总统选举,现在,竞选正逐渐进入高潮。对于美国的总统选举,美国国内的新闻报道通常有这样两种说法:一种是“有钱人的游戏”;另一种是“驴象之争”。前一种说法好理解,后一种就有些让人费解了。要想搞清楚“驴”、“象”称谓的来历,还得从头说起。     

“马童面之”并非“马童仔细观看项羽”——“马童面之”之“面之”诸说评议

对《史记·项羽本纪》“马童面之”的“面之”来历有不同解释,传统说法中,有解释为“背对项羽”的,也有解释为“面对项羽”的,肖振宇先生则坚决否定了传统说法,提出“仔细观看项羽”的新解,并认为“根据字义、文义和语言规律”,此论新则新矣,可是根据对词语意义、上下文义辨析以及语言使用规律分析,笔者觉得此说有悖于词语意义和语言使用规律,传统解释才更合理。     

扑朔迷离的UFO

在1909年里,有关目击到不明飞行物的报道不断在国内媒体上出现,使 UFO 再度成为人们关注的热点问题。许多人以为 UFO 与"飞碟"是一回事,其实这种说法是不对的。UFO 是英文Unidentified Flying Object 的缩写,原意为"不明飞行物"或者"未经查明来历的空中飞行物体或现象"。这是一个通用词,用来指人们观察到的一种空中"物体"。观察者的共同说法是,这种物体能迅速无声地飞行,也能悬在空中不动;它们有时是有形的实体,但却常常像幽灵一样在天空中游荡。人们对 UFO 的法是,     

关于洛阳牡丹来历的两则错误说法

关于洛阳牡丹的来历，许多人在同文同书中既主隋炀帝洛阳西苑牡丹说，又主武则天贬长安牡丹于洛阳说，所依据的是古代小说中的情节。两则说法不仅在时间上自相矛盾，而且考察小说的资料来源，古代牡丹的发展状况，以及古人对牡丹的记述，可知荒诞不经，不能成立     

“马童面之”并非“马童仔细观看项羽”——“马童面之”之“面之”诸说评议

对《史记·项羽本纪》"马童面之"的"面之"来历有不同解释,传统说法中,有解释为"背对项羽"的,也有解释为"面对项羽"的,肖振宇先生则坚决否定了传统说法,提出"仔细观看项羽"的新解,并认为"根据字义、文义和语言规律",此论新则新矣,可是根据对词语意义、上下文义辨析以及语言使用规律分析,笔者觉得此说有悖于词语意义和语言使用规律,传统解释才更合理.     

榆林花卉栽培历史与现状

根据榆林发展历史记载：榆林之名，是从明初开始，明永乐初置榆林庄，成化7年(1417年)，距今585年，设榆林卫(相当于县)，清代改为榆林县。追其历史，有榆林县才不过500多年。对于榆林县名来历，历史上有二种说法：一说因为城池靠近榆林河，北边有榆林山(此山榆树丛生，茂密成林)而得名；另一种说法由原来的榆林庄(明代以前)之名演化而来。     

新见解:“CHINA”一词来源于丝绸

关于英文“CHINA”一词的来历，一直有三种说法。比较流行的说法是来源于“瓷器”一词，因为在英语中，中国和瓷器都是“CHINA”。另外，也有人认为，“CHINA”一词的产生，与两千多年前中国第一个统一的王朝“秦”有关（英文中“秦”的翻译是“CHIN”）。还有一种观点，则把“CHINA”与茶叶挂上了钩。最近，上海东华大学教授周启澄公布了他的一项最新研究成果。周教授精通多种西方语言，他通过对西方语言演变史和中西方文化交流史的研究，认为“CHINA”一词来源于中国的丝绸。按照欧洲语言的演变历史，周教授对丝绸与“CHINA…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with