A combination of sister chromatid differential staining and giemsa banding.

We report a procedure for combining sister chromatid differential staining and G banding in the same metaphase plate. Mammalian cells in culture are grown in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine for two cell cycles, and conventional air-dried preparations are made. The slides are treated with a trypsin or a urea solution the same way as for regular G banding. This method is simple and fast and provides additional information for cytogeneticists.     

Daunomycin-bands are similar to Q-bands on chromosomes of Vicia faba

Summary Lin et al. discovered fluorescent bands on human chromosomes stained with daunomycin (D-bands). These bands looked like Q-bands. We demonstrate D-bands, which look like respective Q-bands, in Vicia faba and infer that the similarity between D and Q banding is general.Acknowledgment. We are indebted to Mr G. Raziel for his help in photography and to Dr M. Friedländer.     

Chromosome banding patterns and the nucleolar organizer region of the eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus)

Summary The C and G chromosome banding patterns and the AgAS positive sites (NOR regions) of cultured lung cells of the Eastern mole (Scalopus aquaticus) are presented. A distinctive secondary constriction is found on a pair of autosomes instead of on the X-chromosome as previously believed. The presence of a heterochromatic heteromorphism is noted and a large amount of constitutive heterochromatin is present in the karyotype.     

Karyological conservatism in South American camelids

Summary Llama, guanaco, vicuna and alpaca show similar diploid numbers, gross chromosomal morphology and homologous G, C and NOR banding patterns. This chromosomal homology is also found in the two-humped camel and very probably in the one-humped camel as well. These findings indicate that the camelid karyotype can probably be traced back to early Miocene times. This probably represents the most extreme case of chromosomal conservatism among mammals.This work was supported by grants from the Organization of American States and SECYT.Acknowledgments. We wish to thank Dr. M. Pizarro for his assistance and encouragement.     

Hemodynamic studies in acute venous stasis edema in rats

Summary An increase in venous pressure in the rat tail is known to result in acute edema. Acute venous stasis edema of the rat tail was induced by applying a force-controlled banding of standard tension (200 g) proximally for a period of 6–12 h. The hemodynamic changes of acute venous stasis edema were evaluated using non-invasive plethysmography, fluorescence angiography, computer thermography and invasive radioactive microsphere techniques. It is shown here that reduction of tail circulation to 40% of the control value is followed by prolonged vascular disorder characterized by genesis of reversible edema, increased total blood flow to the tail and decreased local cutaneous blood flow, without affecting the general hemodynamics. The cutaneous circulation (decreased blood flow) seems to be principally involved in the edemogenic response, whereas the deeper vessels (hyperemia) may or may not play a determinant role in acute experimental venous stasis edema in rats.Acknowledgment. The authors thank Mr G. Ponard for his technical assistance.     

Simple chromosome banding technique for farm animal investigations]

For routine cytogenetic investigations, a simple banding technique on chromosomes is described. Used on different cell material, a visible banding appearance is produced which makes the typing of chromosomes precise and fast. On 2 examples of cattle and rabbit chromosomes, the identification of a centric fusion and a trisomic is shown.     

Immunocytochemical labeling of human chromosomes by antibodies from human autoimmune serum]

Mitotic human chromosomes are successively irradiated by ultraviolet, incubated with serum from a patient showing systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.), and antihuman Sheep serum conjugated with peroxidase. After revelation by diaminobenzidine (DAB) banding patterns are pointed out. The chromosome labelling is discussed in comparison with results obtained in other immunocytochemical experiments.     

Nuclear projections in tumour cells and large chromosome markers

Summary The application of banding techniques on cytological smears from pleural effusion in a case of histiocytic sarcoma has provided direct evidence for correspondence between nuclear projections in tumor cells and extra large chromosome markers observed in the neoplastic karyotype obtained by direct preparations.     

Age-G staining, a rapid technique for producing combined silver staining and Giemsa banding in mammalian chromosomes

A combination of the silver staining method with a Giemsa banding technique is described for mammalian chromosomes. This double staining simultaneously shows silver-stained NORs and a G-band pattern, and thus allows a rapid identification of the NOR-bearing chromosomes.     

A method for chromosome preparations from large fish specimens using in vitro short-term treatment with colchicine

This paper describes a new technique for preparing mitotic fish chromosomes using short-term in vitro treatment with colchicine. The results show that a large number of good quality metaphases (many suitable for chromosome banding) can be obtained by this technique, which requires an average of 1 h and 30 min for all steps. The procedure considerably reduces the time normally required for chromosome preparations in fish.This work was supported by grants FUNCUNESP, FAPESP and CNPq.The authors are grateful to Mr Renato Devidé for technical assistance.     

Ag-G staining,a rapid technique for producing combined silver staining and Giemsa banding in mammalian chromosomes

Summary A combination of the silver staining method with a Giemsa banding technique is described for mammalian chromosomes. This double staining simultaneously shows silver-stained NORs and a G-band pattern, and thus allows a rapid identification of the NOR-bearing chromosomes.     

Giemsa `and formation in M-chromosomes of Vicia faba

Summary Various alterations in Giemsa banding technique have been introduced to observe their influence on band formations in M-chromosome of Vicia faba root tip dividing cells. With the introduction of some minor alterations in the technique, revelation of a large number of classes of constitutive heterochromatin has been made possible. Apparently such Giemsa banding pattern is comparable to the ones observed in a routine way amongst mammalian chromosomes.Acknowledgments. This study was supported by a grant from the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi (No. 7/13 [619]/72 GAU. I), to JPG and from the Indian National Science Academy, New Delhi (No. 31/BS/323), to SKS.     

Hyaluronic acid in elastic cartilage

Summary Bovine ear cartilage contains more hyaluronic acid than do hyaline cartilages of the same animal. Most of it is in the elastin-rich residue not extractable by 4 M guanidinium chloride where it is associated with chondroitin sulphate in low relative concentration and of lower molecular weight than in non-elastic cartilage residue.G. C. G. is grateful to the Medical Research Council for a research studentship.     

Differential expression of isozymes in relation to organogenesis in two closely related species

Summary Two closely related species of Gentianaceae were established in tissue culture and transferred to a regeneration medium containing 2,4-D. Even though the age of cultures and all the environmental conditions were identical, only one of them expressed a clear morphogenic potential, and the differences are expressive in the isozyme banding patterns observed for creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and indoleacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. No differences in alkaline phosphatase isozymes were detected.This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (No. DCB 8 611 889) USA with a grant to the senior author.     

Characterization of the domestic horse (Equus caballus) karyotype using G-and C-banding techniques

Summary Giemsa banding techniques have been used to identify the chromosomes of the domestic horse.     

Cytogenic study of Lophocebus albigena (Primate Catarrhini Cercopithecidae). Description of a male karyotype

GTG chromosomic banding of a male and a female Lophocebus albigena is reported. The chromosome number of the karyotypes is 2 n = 42, characterized by a pair of marked chromosomes and a mediocentric Y chromosome, similar to that of the Lophocebus aterimus.     

Glischropus tylopus,the first known old-world bat with an X-autosome translocation

Summary Glischropus tylopus shows an X-autosome translocation in which a small acrocentric chromosome has been transferred to the X. The diploid number is 30 for the females and 31 for the males. RBG banding shows that in the late replicating X of the female only the original X replicates late, the autosomal part replicates early, showing the same pattern as the corresponding autosomal Y₂ of the male. In the X chromosome, a heterochromatic band separates the autosomal from the gonosomal sequences.23 January 1987I am very grateful to Prof. R.A. Pfeiffer for giving me the opportunity to work at the Department of Human Genetics.My stay in Malaysia was supported by a grant of the DAAD.     

Search for sex-dependent and gestation-induced changes in choline and ethanolamine phosphorylating activities

Summary Choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase of liver, brain and kidney had nearly the same activity in 4-monthold male and virgin female mice. Ethanolamine kinase activity was almost doubled in the liver and brain of mice in advanced pregnancy compared with the virgin, while choline kinase activity was unaltered.Acknowledgment. The author records his sincere thanks to Prof. P. S. Krishnan and Prof. G. G. Sanwal for their valuable suggestions.     

Polyacetylenes from the spongePetrosia ficiformis found in dark caves

Summary Several high molecular weight polyacetylenes have been isolated from the spongePetrosia ficiformis found in dark caves. These compounds are related to, but different from, the polyacetylenes isolated from the same sponge living in its usual habitat.This work is a part of the Progetto finalizzato per l'Oceanografia e i Fondi Marini, CNR, Roma.The authors thank Mr G. Scognamiglio for the HPLC work, Mr C. Di Pinto for the NMR spectra and Mr G. Villani for the collection of the sponge.     

Further chromosomal studies on Ellobius lutescens: heteromorphism of chromosome No. 1 is not associated with sex determination

Twelve animals of the species Ellobius lutescens from two generations were studied with various chromosomal banding techniques. This species carries 17 chromosomes in both sexes. In preceding studies chromosomal sex determination was assigned to different structural variants of chromosome No. 1. In the present study, no definite chromosomal basis for sex determination was found.