系统工程方法在管理中的应用

本文论述了系统工程理论与方法及其在某培训工程组织管理中的应用,论述了对培训工程进行系统分析、系统设计、系统管理、系统评价的科学管理的思路和方法。实践证明,系统工程理论与方法对实际工程系统具有重要的实用价值,是对工程系统进行组织管理的科学方法。     

不确定性下USV可变自主控制结构及算法

针对水面无人艇（unmanned surface vehicle,USV)在具有不确定性的实际任务形势下实现可变自主的问题,提出一种包含可变自主控制结构和自主等级决策算法的解决方案。可变自主控制结构中考虑了自主等级的划分、自主等级的评价和管理,并设计了基于多属性决策方法的自主等级决策算法。最后在USV导航任务为背景的仿真实验中,证明了可变自主系统控制结构和自主等级决策算法是合理的和有效的,同时显示了可变自主系统研究的实际意义及其对于系统规划性能的提高作用。     

Leadership and Learning: A Critical Reexamination of Senge’s Learning Organization

From its inception the concept of the learning organization has been identified with a particular type of organization or new forms of organizational learning. But it is often forgotten that Senge’s ‘system thinking’ formulation of the learning organization was inseparable from an attempt to reformulate a new way of thinking about change agency and leadership in organizations. Here it is argued that Senge’s learning organization can be re-conceptualised as a partial fusion of ‘systems thinking’ and learning theories that leads to a concept of organizational learning as a form of ‘distributed leadership’. However, the concept is critically flawed because it cannot theorise the organizing practices by which learning to lead and leading to learn are shared or distributed in organizations. It is concluded that Senge’s under-theorized focus on distributed leadership consistently neglects issues of practice and issues of power. As such his work does not provide an exploration of the possibilities for increasing the dispersal of human agency, power, knowledge and autonomy within the workplace.     

A Construction Way of MAS Based on Organization Theory

1　 IntroductionBeing a promising means to cope with distributed and complex problems,Multi-agentsystems( MAS) are recognized by more and more researchers nowadays.For example,Holland and his fellows who come from Santa Fe Institute have established the theory ofcomplex adaptive system ( CAS) based on MASto solve general complex problems[1 ] .Andin the field of information,with the spreading of information applications ( such asdistributed,real-time,dynamic and interaction-oriented envir…     

农业上市公司整体经营的比较优势分析

为了能够科学地评价和分析农业上市公司的比较优势,首先从财务角度构建改制上市后整体比较优势分析指标体系,以所有上市公司经营状况为基准从盈利能力、营运能力、偿债能力、成长能力和股本扩张能力等5个方面对农业上市公司进行整体经营比较优势分析。在此基础上,从财务角度提出改善和提高农业上市公司比较优势的对策和建议。     

无人机电磁环境效应评估及其准则研究

电磁环境效应评估是军用装备性能检验的重要组成部分。基于模型和准则的计算法评价体系，克服了传统试验方法对系统评价所存在的局限，借助计算机辅助工程(CAE)所构造的“虚拟”测试平台，利用飞机结构、任务飞行规划、预期电磁环境、系统效应分析模型和评估准则，可以以较优的费效比获取较高置信度的电磁环境适应性评价。在评估准则研究方面，依据无人机用途、结构特点以及对预期电磁环境的认识或先验知识的掌握程度，从确定性观点和统计分析两个方面，详细探讨了与之相适应的评估准则，以期使无人机电磁环境效应评估能更为客观和完整。     

基于马尔可夫过程的GNSS星座可用性评估

卫星导航的星座可用性是评价导航系统性能的重要指标之一。基于马尔可夫过程建立了同时考虑卫星故障率和修复率的单星可用性模型,结合卫星的备份情况提出了空间信号层和服务层的星座可用性评估方法模型。基于上述评估模型,结合大量实测数据分析了空间信号层和服务层的星座可用性概率。结果表明:全球定位系统(global positioning system, GPS)星座可用性评估模型是有效的,GPS星座可用性符合其系统性能规范。提出的星座可用性评估方法对北斗卫星导航系统的全球化建设及其可用性评估有一定的参考价值。     

The organization as a doublet

Organizations are living systems, similar to other living systems, but with an important difference. They are multiminded living systems. In this paper, the changing concept of organizations is sketched and it is shown how models actually influence the evolution of organizational types. In the history of organization there have been basically three main stages,viz., the machinistic, organismic, and multiminded stage. All three types still exist, so far as the later stages in fact include the former ones. The living systems theory (LST) is firmly based in the organismic model and thus provides an excellent basis for organizational development. However, the concepts of process autonomy and flexibility as well as dispersed decision-making will have to be included if the theory is to have an impact in the evolution of modern organizations. We believe that the extension of the LST using Biomatrix principles might be sufficient to meet the present challenge.     

基于主成分分析和归一化RBF神经网络优化的财务综合评价

提出基于主成分分析和归一化RBF神经网络优化相结合的财务综合评价方法,克服传统神经网络财务分析中的评价指标偏少、存在局部极小等不足,为公司财务评价提供新的思路和方法,并利用神经网络模型对我国钢铁业上市公司2007年财务状况进行仿真实验,为分析者决策提供准确、可靠的参考依据。     

企业核心能力审计:指标体系与测度方法

针对核心能力评价研究中存在的一些局限 ,提出企业核心能力审计指标体系与测度方法 .围绕企业战略管理能力、核心制造能力、核心技术能力、组织与界面管理能力、核心营销能力五个评价维度 ,从存量、过程和绩效审计三个层面 ,并引入产业市场和技术动态因子 ,对企业核心能力进行了动态评价 .     

Feasibility-Oriented Application of System Analysis in SMEs-The Cybernetic Approach of VSM Applied to Horticultural Retail Companies in Germany

Many approaches of business analysis focus on single disciplines or specific problems but ignore complex and dynamic interrelations between small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), their stakeholders, and their business environment. In order to meet these challenges, the system analysis tool Vester sensitivity model (VSM) is applied on a reference company representative of the German horticultural retail sector. Based on the principles of system theory and (bio-) cybernetics, the VSM system building tool uses net thinking, heuristics, and a participatory approach to illustrate and evaluate the systemic role of relevant key variables, and their interrelations in the example company. In this article, the analytical steps of the VSM are applied up to the finalized effect system model of the reference company. As an innovative aspect, the article emphasizes how the multilevel process of the system analysis can be put into practice more effectively by using interactive media tools to enable the required communication and consensus by the participating stakeholder panel. Elements such as the manager’s ability of strategic planning, the organizational climate, and the company’s image were uncovered as critical, but also stabilizing key factors for such companies. Although the study focuses on the specific situation of German horticultural retail companies as the research subject, the suggested procedure of integrated knowledge generation is transferrable to any business, industry branch, and country. Especially scholars, advisors, and business analysts working in the field of SME management can use the concept to evaluate such systems in the overall context of the companies under investigation.     

基于盈利质量的DANP变权财务预警模型

高质量的盈利是企业健康持续发展的基石,财务危机是财务质量的综合表现.以和谐理论为基础,从盈利质量及其各维度的均衡性两方面分析财务危机发生的机理,并依此建立基于盈利质量金字塔的财务危机指标评价体系.考虑到评价指标间存在一定程度的相互影响的现实因素,同时为避免常权综合评价模型的属性值转移,建立决策实验室法的网络层级分析法(DANP)双层惩罚变权时间序列财务预警模型以判断企业财务状况.通过上市公司数据实证,构建财务预警综合评价值的临界区间为[0.6494,0.6547],其值越小财务危机发生的可能性越大,且预测准确率达到91.53%.在理论上对财务危机发生的机理研究具有增量贡献,在实践中对企业自身财务状况的监督具有现实指导意义.     

VUCA情境下运营冗余对组织韧性的影响——持续创新能力的调节作用

组织韧性通过重构组织资源和流程等手段，能够帮助企业应对危机并利用危机实现逆势增长。其中，运营资源在为企业带来运营负担的同时，也为不确定性提供缓冲，保障企业可持续运营。在当前新冠疫情冲击全球制造业的大背景下，如何提升VUCA情境下组织韧性是企业特别是制造业企业所关切的重要现实问题，正吸引越来越多学者的积极关注。本研究以2008-2020年中国制造业企业的面板数据为研究样本，实证分析了运营冗余对组织韧性的影响，并深入考察了持续创新能力的调节效应。本研究结果表明：运营冗余对组织韧性有显著的U型影响。同时，持续创新能力对运营冗余及其3个子维度分别与组织韧性间关系有显著的正向影响。本研究基于“资源-能力”理论分析框架，识别了影响组织韧性中增长性与波动性的两类关键条件，为提升VUCA情境下本土制造业企业组织韧性，提供了具有针对性的理论指导与决策建议。     

Toward Fostering Systems Learning in Organizational Contexts

This article explores the ways in which the process of systems learning can be nurtured in organizational contexts. I posit that in order to mobilize systems learning at the individual, group, and organizational levels, an integrated, holistic approach must be pursued. It is suggested that the challenge of not only teaching the systems thinking concepts but also using their actual applications in practice is more than just an issue of pedagogical improvement. The cultural and material issues integral to the use of systems thinking must be taken into consideration as well. I argue that our efforts to improve our pedagogical practices to foster systems learning in organizational contexts can benefit from the social constructivist perspective, which represents a system of ideas about learning. The qualities of systems pedagogy resided in social constructivism are proposed as a framework to think with in designing the meaningful systems learning activities. This article also discusses how to create the cultural and material environments in which the process of systems learning can be nurtured.     

一种基于云理论的组织绩效评估方法

组织绩效评估中存在着大量的定性指标,如何实现定性描述向定量表示的转换,使得评估更加科学与精确,变得越来越迫切。云理论是在对传统模糊集理论和概率理论进行交叉渗透的基础上,形成自然语言值表示的某个定性概念与其定量表示之间的不确定转换模型。本文通过引入云理论中的云重心评价法,实现了定性概念向定量表示的合理转换,进而对组织的整体绩效做出综合评价。通过实例分析,验证了该方法的可行性与科学性。     

A design for environment methodology for evaluation and improvement of derivative consumer electronic product development

Increasing environmental awareness and stringent environmental regulations have motivated many companies to incorporate ecodesign into product development.To assist companies to address the challenge,this research presents a design for environment(DfE) methodology to evaluate and improve derivative consumer electronic product development using a back-propagation neural network(BPNN) model and a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS) method.Based on use of a BPNN,the life cycle assessment(LCA) models are developed to estimate quantities of hazardous chemical substances and energy consumption for a derivative consumer electronic product throughout the product life cycle.A performance evaluation and improvement model for DfE is then devised based on the TOPSIS method to analyze the ecodesign performance and provide concrete improvement strategies.With the aforementioned analysis of environmental performance,an enterprise can profoundly understand and significantly enhance the relative DfE performance of a new product compared to the similar competitive products.Finally,we apply an optical mouse development project as a case to elaborate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.These analytical results can let us understand the DfE performance ranking and acquire the maximum reduced quantity of each DfE criterion for each module of a new product.Meanwhile,to enhance the green competitiveness of the new product,we recommend that the engineers should decrease the area of the circuit board of the new product.In addition,the material of the USB cable for the new product should be switched from the PVC material to the PE material.     

Reconciling Effectiveness and Equity in Performance Management: A Stakeholder Synthesis Approach to Organizational Systems Design

Complex organizational systems have been studied using hard and soft epistemologies and each has contributed to understanding based on its logic of enquiry. However, both fail to engage fully with systems in their context and are increasingly recognized as such by researchers and practitioners. This paper reviews the epistemological debate and proposes that accommodation between quantitative and qualitative disciplines is both possible and appropriate. A case study of performance management systems demonstrates the synergistic benefits of integration within a mode of organizational enquiry based on stakeholder analysis and soft systems methodology. This enables the development of a stakeholder systems model of performance management that incorporates stakeholder consensus, organizational justice, and system effectiveness considerations.     

基于UML的C3I体系结构着色Petri网建模方法

着色Petri网模型对于C3I系统体系结构的功能和性能评价具有重要意义。面向对象分析是构筑C3I系统体系结构的基本方法。论述了C3I系统体系结构的基于UML的面向对象的开发方法。给出了一种根据C3I系统逻辑体系结构的UML模型建立着色Petri网模型的方法。应用实例表明了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

Embodiments of organizational fitness: The Viable System Model (VSM) as a guide

Managers are facing new problems in their quest for organizational fitness. With environments of growing complexity, foresight, adaptability, and learning become critical features for a social system to survive and develop. Established models of organizational control are insufficient to cope with this proliferating complexity. The science of cybernetics provides powerful models to master this key challenge to management. The present article offers a synthesis of Beer's Viable System Model (VSM) and a multilevel concept of organizational fitness, based on recent progress made in the field of planning theory.     

IT绩效影响与组织规模调节效应:来自机械行业的实证分析

信息化浪潮为传统制造业发展提供了机遇和挑战. 但是, 如何描述和测量信息化投入对组织绩效的影响, 一直是困扰国内外相关领域研究者和实践者的重要问题. 研究构建了一个概念模型, 尝试探索信息化基础建设、 专项业务应用和协同集成等信息化行动模式对组织绩效的影响, 以及组织规模变量的调节效应. 基于重型机械行业企业的调查数据, 研究运用结构方程模型进行了实证分析, 并探讨了分析结果的理论价值及对信息化建设路径选择的实践意义.