基于RANS法的B系列对转螺旋桨敞水性能数值模拟

应用RANS法研究B系列对转螺旋桨敞水性能,对单桨和对转螺旋桨进行数值计算,研究不同湍流模型对数值结果的影响,分析研究对转螺旋桨桨距比和直径比的参数匹配问题,比较对转螺旋桨和单桨的敞水效率,剖析尾流场的变化情况,突破传统势流理论方法无法计入黏性和微观流动机理难以分析和把握等局限.数值结果表明:RSM模型的数值精度较高,且选取桨距比和直径比合适的对转螺旋桨明显提高其推进效率,对转螺旋桨后桨能吸收前桨轴向速度和尾涡能量,减小切向速度对流体扰动的影响,增大流经桨叶的流体动量,减小前桨尾流外直径,增加螺旋桨的推力,提高对转螺旋桨推进性能,具有工程实用性.     

螺旋桨CFD不确定度及叶形对桨叶变形的影响

为了研究螺旋桨在水动力作用下的变形特性,通过计算流体力学(CFD)理论,结合雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程并选用SSTk-ω湍流模型对438X系列螺旋桨的敞水性能进行数值模拟;针对4381螺旋桨设计了3套网格,并进行了螺旋桨敞水性能的不确定度分析;将CFD软件计算与有限元法求解相耦合,计算所得水动力载荷通过插值技术传递给螺旋桨,以分析桨叶应力分布及其叶梢处的变形情况.结果表明,在水动力载荷作用下,复合材料螺旋桨桨叶将产生明显变形,且不同螺旋桨所产生的侧斜和纵倾等均不同,在复合材料螺旋桨的设计和流-固耦合计算中必须加以考虑.     

融合升力线理论和雷诺时均模拟在螺旋桨设计和 水动力性能预报中的应用

同时采用Lerbs非最优螺旋桨理论和Epps最佳环量分布理论,将螺旋桨升力线方法由初始设计应用扩展到敝水性能预报,对DTMB 4119、4381、4382和4497这4个螺旋桨的敞水性能曲线进行了预报分析.针对升力线方法在中度负载区间的适用限制和无法在黏性流场中考虑桨叶空化性能的缺陷,进一步将Epps方法与雷诺时均（RANS）模拟相结合,可明显提高低、高负载区间的敞水性能预报精度.Epps方法预报精度要高于Lerbs方法,能够满足工程初始分析需求.随着远离设计工况点（低、高进速系数）其预报误差变大,桨叶侧斜程度和纵倾存在也会增大预报误差.RANS模拟时桨叶切面型值由升力线方法提供,桨叶几何和六面体网格划分均采用程式化操作实现.在分析网格因素影响后,所得推力和力矩系数以及压力系数分布均匀与实验值吻合较好.在RANS模拟中加入混合物均相流空化模型后,可定量得出桨叶梢涡涡束在一定距离内的螺旋轨迹.结合桨叶最大负载截面的空化斗性能和梢涡涡束最小压力点幅值,可相对判定桨叶空化性能.构建了基于水动力性能评价的螺旋桨参数化设计和非空化与空化性能预报的数值平台.
     

RANS方法和升力面理论预报螺旋桨敞水性能比较研究

利用CFX软件,通过求解雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes(简称RANS)方程和使用标准的两方程k-ε湍流模型对MAU4-50螺旋桨进行了敞水性能预报,同时应用基于势流理论的升力面方法加粘性修正对同一螺旋桨进行了计算.为了评价两种方法的预报精度,将计算结果与试验值进行了对比.对于推力系数,RANS和升力面理论的平均误差分别为3.8%和12.7%;对于扭矩系数,RANS和升力面理论的平均误差分别为6.2%和7.4%.RANS和升力面理论计算得到的敞水效率的平均误差分别为-3.94%和3.69%.结果表明,RANS的计算精度高于升力面理论,但前者的计算成本高.     

RANS方法预报对转桨非定常水动力性能研究

对转螺旋桨的非定常激振力直接影响着对转桨的噪声性能及振动特性,准确预报对转桨的非定常性能可以更好地为对转桨设计工作服务。基于计算流体力学(CFD)中雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)方法,对对转桨非定常水动力性能预报方法进行研究。通过对前后桨区域及交界面处网格精细划分,结合滑移网格特点,考虑每一时间步内旋转角度的对应性,进行合理的计算设置,提高对转桨的非定常性能预报精度。进行了2对对转桨方案的非定常水动力性能数值模拟,与试验数据的比较分析验证了预报方法的准确性和可行性。     

导管结构改进后导管桨的水动力性能研究

对19A导管桨的试验模型进行改进,在导管内壁后半部分增加突起结构来提高导管桨的推进效率.应用计算流体力学中的SSTk-ω模型对19A导管Ka4-55螺旋桨的水动力性能进行计算,得到了导管桨在各个进速系数下的推力系数、转矩系数和螺旋桨效率以及导管上的推力系数.通过与实验结果进行对比,验证计算方法的可靠性.对导管改进结构参数进行优选,得到设计进速系数下效率较高的导管模型.对比结果显示:改进导管可以提高导管桨效率,设计进速系数J=0.5处,效率能够提高2.62%.通过对比改进前后导管桨压力分布和导管内速度分布,分析了改进导管桨水动力性能提高的机理.     

一种超体积准则多目标遗传算法的螺旋桨叶片优化方法

为改善螺旋桨叶片敞水效率,用结合超体积准则的多目标遗传算法优化螺旋桨桨型设计.优化过程中,桨叶形状用B样条曲线拟合,利用面元法建立桨型性能模型.将计算螺旋桨升力和阻力转化为降低阻升比、桨型面积差和压力方差三个优化目标,得到优化后的螺旋桨剖面形状,并将优化前后的螺旋桨进行流体分析.结果表明,超体积准则结合多目标遗传算法进行螺旋桨叶片优化是有效的.优化后的桨型在面积差变化较小的情况下三个目标均有明显改进,螺旋桨水动力性能达到预期目标,敞水效率提升12%.     

大侧斜螺旋桨敞水性能的RANSEs模拟

采用求解基于雷诺时均处理的流场控制方程计算和分析了大侧斜螺旋桨在进速系数J=0.2～1.0范围内的敞水性能和流场流动特征并与实验数据进行了比较.选择SSTκ-ω二方程紊流模型对湍流进行模拟.结果表明:推力系数与实验值有很好的一致性,误差小于3%;力矩系数较实验值偏大,误差在5%以内,且变化趋势稳定;敞水效率曲线变化趋势与实验一致,最高效率点与实验相同;即使在设计工况附近,螺旋桨尾流仍然存在明显的切向旋转速度;桨叶吸力面靠近叶梢部分存在低压区;r=0.7R叶切面压差最大点位于切面最大厚度处,与切面所能承受最大压应力位置一致.最后计算确定了该螺旋桨模型桨敞水实验时对应的临界雷诺数为7.6×105,与实验情况吻合.该值较国内教科书中提到的ITTC给定临界雷诺数3.0×105要大.     

基于CFD的螺旋桨桨叶折断水动力性能分析

基于CFD方法,对螺旋桨桨叶在不同位置折断时的水动力性能进行数值模拟。首先把CFD数值模拟结果与螺旋桨敞水试验结果进行比较,两者结果吻合良好;其次,对螺旋桨某一桨叶在不同半径处折断时的水动力进行计算,并对计算结果进行了回归;最后,对螺旋桨所有桨叶在同一半径处折断时的水动力进行数值模拟,对结果进行了回归分析。数值模拟结果与试验值吻合,回归结果可用于指导船舶的船-机-桨匹配工程实践。     

可调螺距桨水动力性能预报及参数影响分析

为了研究可调螺距桨调距过程中几何参数对水动力性能的影响规律,采用坐标变换原理模拟调距过程和桨叶剖面的畸变,并结合面元法理论对调距桨的水动力性能进行预报.首先将JDC7704桨在初始螺距下水动力参数的计算值与敞水实验值进行对比,验证了文中数值方法的准确性;之后在变调距角下,分析了初始设计进速系数、纵倾角、侧斜角、盘面比以及毂径比几个参数对调距桨水动力性能的影响.结果表明:水动力转叶力矩受设计进速、纵倾角、侧斜角、盘面比变化的影响十分明显;调距工况变化时,转叶力矩所受影响的程度及其趋势也会发生变化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has