化学波在对流介质中的折射与反射

以含有对流项的二维布鲁塞尔子为模型,导出化学波的波速随介质对流速度变化的关系式,用之说明化学波在对流介质中的折射与反射规律.结果表明:在对流介质中,尽管化学波在两种介质分界面上的折射与回折射(反射)仍然遵从波矢量切向分量连续定律,但折射角和反射角随入射角变化的规律与在静止介质中有所不同.当平面化学波从低速介质射向高速介质时,若介质对流速度方向与化学波的入射方向一致,在入射角大于临界角时,化学波在两种介质的边界上发生反常折射和反射现象,反常折射角随入射角的增大而增大,反射角随入射角变化,而且小于临界角;当平面化学波从高速介质射向低速介质时,若介质对流速度方向与化学波的入射方向一致,化学波在两种介质的边界上发生折射现象,折射角随入射角变化,先增大后减小.数值模拟结果进一步验证了理论结果.     

二维矢量声强的误差分析

为便于识别和定位平面内噪声源,依据双传声器互谱声强法原理,建立二维矢量声强探头的物理模型,推导了二维声强的计算公式,分别在单极子和偶极子声场条件下,利用该探头测量二维声强及定位误差。结果表明：对于单板子声场,频率小于4600Hz时,x,y方向和总声强理论误差均不超过1．5dB;频率小于1600Hz时,定位误差均小于0．01m。对于偶极子声场,测点距y轴小于0．01m、频率小于1300Hz时,定位误差较大,均大于0．01m;测点距Y轴0．6～2．0m、频率小于1600Hz时,定位误差均小于0．01m,能够满足工程上的需求。     

SH波作用下浅埋隧洞的动应力集中特性

针对平面SH波作用下浅埋隧洞的动力响应问题,采用复变函数和多极坐标方法,研究了入射波频率、入射角度以及隧洞埋深对隧洞动应力的影响规律.研究结果表明:低频波入射时隧洞埋深对动应力集中系数分布影响不大,但高频波入射时影响较为明显;随着入射波与水平面角度逐渐增大,隧洞动应力集中系数(dynamics stress concentration factor,DSCF)分布越来越复杂,最大值从低频段逐渐转移到高频段;当入射角θ0>0时,最大DSCF略大于3,远大于深埋隧道的2.3;当θ0=0、波数小于0.5且隧洞埋深h>4a(a为半径)时,最大DSCF的谱分布较均匀,此时从最大DSCF的角度可将隧洞近似当成深埋隧洞来分析入射波对隧洞的动力作用.     

各向异性人工材料的电磁波吸收特性

利用传输矩阵法研究了含各向异性人工材料的一维结构的电磁波吸收特性,分析了入射波频率、极化方向、入射角以及材料厚度对电磁波吸收率的影响.结果表明,电磁波垂直入射到单层各向异性人工材料中,尽管s波和p波的吸收率极大值出现在不同的频率,但两种波的吸收率随层厚增大的变化规律一致.斜入射时,不管入射角如何变化,s波和p波的吸收率都随着层厚的增大而趋于定值,该极限值由入射角决定.改变入射波频率,当某一频率对应磁导率张量的矩阵元的实部为负值,对应极化波的吸收率随层厚的增大而趋于定值;当磁导率张量的矩阵元的实部为正值,对应极化波的吸收率随层厚的增大而振荡,且峰值出现在层厚为λ/2的整数倍时.含各向异性人工材料的三层结构的吸收率优于单层结构.以上结论可为使用各向异性人工材料制作电磁波吸收器提供理论支持.     

均匀平面电磁波在良导体分界面的斜入射研究

基于均匀平面电磁波以任意角度入射到理想介质时的反射系数、透射系数,导出了分界面为介质与良导体时,反射波场强、透射波场强及反射系数、透射系数和相位移的表达式,讨论了在特殊入射角时反射系数、透射系数和相位移的特点,分析了以任意入射角入射到良导体分界面上时反射系数和相位移的变化规律.     

电磁波在导体中传播的几个问题的探讨

由边值关系出发,讨论了折射波的传播方向、波长、能量和穿透深度,得出电磁波在导体面上折射时,波长会变短;推导了以任意入射角入射的菲涅耳公式和反射系数,根据该组公式分析了以自然光入射的反射波与折射波的偏振特性。     

斜入射时二维空气孔结构三角形光子晶体的带隙结构

利用平面波展开法推导出光在光子晶体中传播时本征方程的矩阵表达形式,数值求解计算了圆形空气孔结构的正方形光子晶体和三角形结构光子晶体在正入射时的色散曲线及三角形结构光子晶体在斜入射时的色散曲线.这些研究结果对设计和制作光子晶体功能器件具有指导意义和应用价值.计算弁析发现,与正方形结构光子晶体类似,对于二维三角形结构光子晶体,正入射时E波和H波在<10>方向和<11>方向也都会出现带隙,但是带隙宽度比对应的正方形结构的宽许多.二维三角形结构光子晶体在斜入射时,三角形结构光子晶体的色散曲线随着入射角的增大而上升,带隙中心频率也随之增大,但带隙的宽度却随之减小,直至消失.本文研究了斜入射情况下三角形光子晶体的带隙结构和色散特性,所得结论对设计和制作光子晶体功能器件有重要的指导意义和应用价值.     

磁光薄膜表面反射二次谐波Kerr效应的理论研究

利用级数展开法,推出了磁光薄膜各晶面对p极化光反射的二次谐波强度和磁光Kerr角;分析了入射角与各晶面反射的二次谐波强度及磁光Kerr角的相互关系,结果发现:①各晶面反射的二次谐波强度与入射光的强度之比正比于入射光的强度,且是入射角的函数,同时其比值在入射角的取值范围内存在极值;②各晶面反射的二次谐波的Kerr角与入射光的强度无关,只与薄膜的性质和入射角有关;③从保护薄膜的角度来看,读写激光不宜采用正入射方式.     

任意入射角情况额外程差的研究

对任意入射角情况薄膜反射光的额外程差进行研究.利用菲涅耳公式,分析斜入射光束薄膜上下表面二反射光s、p电矢量分量的方向和振幅比,推导薄膜二反射光的s、p分量大小的比例关系式,引入振幅比值函数M,分析M随入射角i1的变化规律.结果表明:仅当入射角θ1接近0°时,薄膜上下表面相邻二反射光额外程差为λ/2或0;对于一般斜入射光束由于薄膜上下表面二反射光的s、p分量的比例不相等,二反射光的振动方向不平行,不存在一般涵义的额外程差.     

P波作用下机场跑道的爆破安全振动速度研究

结合湖北省首例下穿机场跑道隧道钻爆法开挖工程背景,基于理论解析、数值模拟与现场监测相结合的研究方法,分析了下穿隧道爆破产生的入射P波对混凝土跑道的作用机理,研究了机场跑道的隧道爆破振动安全判据.结果表明:下穿跑道隧道爆破振动作用下,岩石与混凝土跑道交界面以拉伸破坏为主;随着入射P波入射角的增大,机场跑道的爆破安全振动速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其最小值出现在入射角为零时(即垂直入射的情况),表明爆破地震波垂直入射时机场跑道最容易发生破坏;基于机场跑道的重要性,选取1.7为重要性修正系数,依据爆破地震波以不同角度入射时确定的爆破安全振动速度,得到修正后的爆破安全振动速度在3.67~7.91 cm/s之间;与数值模拟和回归分析结果相比,由于应力波理论分析忽略了材料塑性变形的影响,其计算分析得到的爆破安全振动速度更小,具有更高的安全储备.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that