Calibration of the U 37 K′ index of long-chain alkenones with the in-situ water temperature in Lake Qinghai in the Tibetan Plateau

Long-chain alkenones (LCAs) can potentially be used as indicators to understand past variations in lacustrine environments.Previous research has suggested that the relationship between the temperature and the unsaturation index of LCAs should be calibrated individually,because of the possible variations in the alkenone-producing algal species in the lacustrine environment.In this work,we have calibrated U37K’ of water filter samples against the in-situ water temperature in Lake Qinghai,Tibetan Plateau.There are significant relationships between U37K’ and the water temperature,a non-linear relationship was derived.Because the U37K’ values did not respond sensitively at lower temperatures,we suggested that a quadratic regression (U37K’ =0.0011×T2-0.0201×T+0.1959,n=15,r2=0.74) was appropriate than linear regression to represent the relationship between the in-situ temperatures and U37K’.Meanwhile,the U37K correlation relationship was not more significant than U37K’ index in our study.Because of the C37:4 effects by salinity change,we suggest U37K is not as robust as the U37K’ index as a temperature proxy,at least for the salt lake in the Tibetan Plateau.The calibration of the U37K’ index in this work has provided a new understanding of historic climatic changes in the Tibetan Plateau.     

弱CM环的性质

主要研究特殊Noether交换环弱CM环的性质.这类环包括Cohen-Macaulay环、优秀环和广义Cohen-Macaulay环,能够用局部上同调模来刻画.证明了如果R是弱CM环,则R的有限生成代数, 以及R关于理想I的I-adic完备化环均为弱CM环.     

广义拟P-内射模的性质

把拟AP-内射模的已有性质与拟P-内射模的研究方法 相结合, 给出了拟AP-内射模的一些新性质. 设M_R是拟AP-内射的右R-模, 令S=End(M_R), 则: (1) S是右弱C₂环; (2) 又若对任意非空集合XM,L_s(X)由幂等元生成, 且S是局部的左duo环, 则S_s是连续环.     

关于生物高分子元素活性中心分布规律的第四统计力学理论标度的研究(Ⅱ)——心血管中药的生命动力元素按原子序数分布的规律与群子参数间关系

首次采用第四统计力学群子理论对心血管中药中生命动力元素的分布规律进行了系统的研究 ,结果表明心血管中药的生命动力元素按原子序数分布呈现出如下四种分布规律，即不同中药有轻度元素分布、较轻度元素分布、较重度元素分布和重度元素分布 ,并且每一种分布根据R₂ /R₁的值又可分为两个分支。本文还首次阐述了群子统计参数R₁、R₂ 、R₂ /R₁及R₁·R₂ 在中药生命动力元素分布中的物理内涵。这些研究为进一步定量地研究中药的性味和药效之间的关系提供了必要的依据。     

Characteristics of lateral heterogeneities with thermal and chemical origins in the pyrolitic lower mantle

The relative changes between shear and compressional velocities (R_SP = ∂ ln V_S/∂ ln V_P), bulk sound and shear velocities (R_CS = ∂ ln V_C/∂ ln V_S), and density versus shear wave velocity (R_ρS = ∂ ln ρ/∂ ln V_S) in response to thermal and chemical variations were investigated for the pyrolitic lower mantle. For heterogeneities with thermal origins, R_SP increases from 1.7 to 2.0 together with R_ρS decreasing from 0.4 to 0.2 and R_CS = ∼0.27 from the top to the bottom of the lower mantle. In comparison, chemical variations (bulk iron or silica contents) are characterized by R_SP < 1.5 and R_CS > 0.5 at lower mantle depths. Negative values of R_ρS and R_CS are indicative of chemical anomalies in the lower mantle, but a combination of thermal and chemical heterogeneities may be required to produce velocity and density anomalies at the magnitudes observed in seismic data. Further refinement of these characteristics requires data on the higher order pressure and temperature derivatives of the elastic moduli of the constituent phases.     

A new estimate of global soil respiration from 1970 to 2008

Soil respiration(Rs)is one of the key processes that underline our understanding of carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems.Great uncertainty remains in the previous global Rs estimates with a difference of 70 Pg C a 1between the highest and lowest estimates.Thus,the present study aimed to estimate the global annual Rs and investigate the interannual and spatial variability in global annual Rs using a semi-mechanistic,empirically-based model which included climatic factors(temperature and precipitation)and topsoil(0–20 cm)organic carbon storage.About 657 published studies of annual Rs from 147 measurement sites were included in this meta-analysis.The global data sets from 1970 to 2008 on climate,surface air temperature,and soil properties were collected.The Monte Carlo method was used to propagate the simulation errors to global Rs.The results indicated that the mean annual global Rs was 94.4 Pg C a 1,increasing at roughly 0.04 Pg C a 1(~0.04%a 1)from 1970 to 2008.The Rs rate increased from colder,drier and less soil carbon-rich regions to warmer,moister and more carbon-rich regions.Highest Rs rates appeared in the tropical forest,while the lowest ones were in polar and desert regions.The annual Rs correlated directly with global temperature anomalies,suggesting that the interannual variability in temperature was responsible for the interannual variations in predicted global Rs.The global Rs increased from high-latitude zones to low-latitude zones.Further studies are recommended to explore the relationship between soil respiration and vegetation characters.     

Evaluating the influences of measurement time and frequency on soil respiration in a semiarid temperate grassland

Soil respiration(Soil R)is one of the largest CO2fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere.The largely seasonal and daily patterns of Soil R in semiarid grassland ecosystems indicate that measurement time and frequency would have significant influences on the assessment of seasonal soil carbon release.Based on a three-year continuous measurement of Soil R in a semiarid grassland,we found that the Soil R value measured at around 10:00 o’clock local time was the closest to its daily mean,while the value at 14:00 o’clock was found to be the highest daily rate.A measurement frequency higher than every 10 days was necessary for estimating the seasonal Soil R and its temperature sensitivity(Q10)reasonably.Our study would be useful as guidelines for manual Soil R measurements and model data selection in semiarid temperate grasslands.     

陶瓷材料抗长杆弹侵彻阻抗研究

为探讨长杆弹侵彻陶瓷靶中的阻抗与侵彻速度关系,基于长杆弹侵彻半无限靶的修正流体动力学模型（Tate 模型）和空腔膨胀理论流体动力学模型,结合文献中已知试验数据,求解了氧化铝和氮化铝陶瓷的Tate模型侵彻阻抗R_t和空腔膨胀模型侵彻阻抗R_c. 结果表明在1 500~3 500 m/s速度范围内,氧化铝陶瓷的R_t随速度的增加而缓慢降低,氮化铝的R_t基本为恒值;在3 600~4 500 m/s速度范围内,氮化铝陶瓷的R_t随速度的增加反而增加,可能是侵彻速率超过裂纹传播最终速率所导致;两种陶瓷的R_c都随速度的增加而减小,接近流体动力学极限时R_c值非常小,表明该模型不适合于超高速侵彻. 采用平均阻抗计算的侵彻深度结果表明平均阻抗可以用于侵彻深度计算.      

高温流化床与浸没表面间传导、对流和辐射换热的数值分析

应用作者所提出的表面-颗粒-乳化团传热理论模型对粒径0.87～1.21mm，堆积密度386～870kg/m³的5种空心刚玉球粒子流化床在950℃床温时流化床与浸没表面间的传热进行了数值计算，并与文献实验数据进行了比较。计算表明，浸没表面温度对瞬时换热系数有显著影响，表面温度为900℃时的瞬时换热系数约是表面温度为300℃时的瞬时换热系数的1.6倍；粒径减小、堆积密度增加都使换热系数增大，其中粒径和堆积密度的变化对热传导系数分量的影响最为显著，对对流和辐射换热系数分量的影响相对较小。计算了传导、对流和辐射换热系数分量占总换热系数的份额，对于所用的5种粒子，950℃床温，流化数(U/U_mf)在1.1～4.0范围，对表面温度平均的总传热量中，热传导占57%～43%，辐射换热占51%～37%，对流换热占5%～3%。讨论了U/U_mf对气泡相辐射换热和乳化相辐射换热的影响。     

利用Uq(sp(8))的向量表示实现辛型量子群(O)(Spq(8))

Jantzen[1]利用A型李代数A2的量子包络代数Uq(sl2(C)),借助于其表示论并利用R-矩阵的方法给出了SLq(2)的定义关系式.本文对结构更为复杂的C型李代数做了类似的研究,通过Uq(sp(8))的表示理论实现了(O)(Spq(8))的定义关系式.     

Numerical simulation of the temperature fields of stainless steel with different roller parameters during twin-roll strip casting

The temperature field of stainless steel during twin-roll strip casting was simulated by experiment and a finite element (FE) model. By comparing the measured result with the simulated values, it is found that they fit close to each other, which indicates this FE model is effective. Based on this model, the effects of roll gap (t) and roll radius (R) on solidification were simulated. The simulated results give the relationship between t or R and the position of the freezing point. The larger the t is and the smaller the R is, the closer the position of the freezing point is to the exit.     

On the Arithmetic of Endomorphism Ring End$$({Z_p} \times {Z_{{p^m}}})$$

For a prime p, let \({E_{P,{P^m}}} = \left\{ {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}aamp;b \\ {{p^{m – 1}}c}amp;d \end{array}} \right)\left| {a,b,c \in {Z_p},d} \right. \in {Z_{{p^m}}}} \right\}\). We first establish a ring isomorphism from \({Z_{p,{p^m}}}\)onto \({E_{p,{p^m}}}\). Then we provide a way to compute -d and d^–1 by using arithmetic in Z_p and \({Z_{{p^m}}}\), and characterize the invertible elements of \({E_{p,{p^m}}}\). Moreover, we introduce the minimal polynomial for each element in \({E_{p,{p^m}}}\)and give its applications.     

Inequalities for the radial p-th mean bodies

In this paper, we establish an inequality for the volumes of K and its radial p-th mean body R_pK by L_p-dual mixed volume. Further, the Shephard-type problem and a monotonitic inequality of R_pK are shown when p>0 .     

A finite-element simulation on deformational energy in structural deformed zone

Under the same conditions of external force, simulations on differences of deforma-tional energy in structural zones, which have different deformational behavior, and that on the distribution of the differences have been carried out by means of finite-element method. Shear deformational energy UW is higher than volume deformational energy UT by about one order of magnitude, and deformational energy UB( = UW + UT) and Uw show a trend to be larger→ largest→small in quantity in structural zones of different deformational properties, which correspond to compressive, shear, tensile zones, respectively, but UT shows a trend to be large→ small gradually. This has a considerable significance in the study of tectonic heat and mineral liquid migration in association with the research on tectonic additional hydrostatic pressure.     

Generation of Linear and Parabolic Concentration Gradients by Using a Christmas Tree-Shaped Microfluidic Network

This paper describes a simple method of generating concentration gradients with linear and parabolic profiles by using a Christmas tree-shaped microfluidic network.The microfluidic gradient generator consists of two parts:a Christmas tree-shaped network for gradient generation and a broad microchannel for detection.A two-dimensional model was built to analyze the flow field and the mass transfer in the microfluidic network.The simulating results show that a series of linear and parabolic gradient profiles were generated via adjusting relative flow rate ratios of the two source solutions(R_L~2≥0.995 and _PR~2≥0.999),which could match well with the experimental results(R_L~2≥0.987 and _PR~2≥0.996).The proposed method is promising for the generation of linear and parabolic concentration gradient profiles,with the potential in chemical and biological applications such as combinatorial chemistry synthesis,stem cell differentiation or cytotoxicity assays.     

拟对偶双边模与对偶环

左拟对偶双边模 _SM_R 可以被刻划成M_R 的任意子模K 和_SS 的任意左理想L 分别是_rM l_S (K ) 和 l_S r_M( L ) 的一个直和项.对一个左拟对偶双边模_SM_R, 有以下结论: ( 1) _SM 为Kasch模; ( 2) r_Ml_S ( Soc( M_R ) ) = Soc(M_R ) , l_S r_M ( Soc( _S^S) ) = Soc( _SS) ;( 3) l_S ( Soc(M_R ) ) J ( S) , r_M ( Soc( _SS) ) Rad(M_R ) ; ( 4) 若 M_R 为 CS- 模,则 Soc( M^R ) _eM_R ; ( 5) 若 M_R 是非M - 奇异的,则M 是半单的; ( 6) 若 M_R 在[ M] 中投射且 M_R 半单,则 M 是非M - 奇异模.并且还得出, 若 R 是左对偶环或左拟对偶环,则R 是半单环当且仅当R 非奇异.     

Super-Edge-Connectivity of G(k,d,s)(s≥k/2)

A graph G is super-edge-connected,for short super-λ,if every minimum edge-cut consists of edges adjacent to a vertex of minimum degree.Alphabet overlap graph G(k,d,s)is undirected,simple graph with vertex set V={v|v=1()kv…v;vi∈{1,2,…,d},i=1,…,k}.Two vertices u=(u1…uk)and v=(v1…vk)are adjacent if and only if us+i=vi or vs+i=ui(i=1,…,k-s).In particular G(k,d,1)is just an undirected de Bruijn graph.In this paper,we show that the diameter of G(k,d,s)is k s,the girth is 3.Finally,we prove that G(k,d,s)(s≥k/2)is super-λ.     

Further results on generalized LCM matrices

Let S={x_1,x_2,...,x_n } be a set of n distinct positive integers and f be an arithmetic function.By(f[S])(resp.( f[S])),we denote the n*n matrix whose i,j entry is Σ[x_i,x_j]|l l∈S f(l) (resp.Σx∈Sf(x)-Σ x_i,|l l∈S f(l)-Σ x_j,|l l∈S f(l)+Σ[x_i,x_j]|l l∈S f(l)).In this paper,we first investigate the structures of the matrices ( f[S]) and( f[S]),then we give the formulae for the determinants of these matrices.These extend the results obtained by Bege in 2011.Finally,we give two examples to demonstrate the validity of our main results.     

关于强幂级数McCoy环(英文)

强幂级数McCoy环是幂级数McCoy环和强McCoy环的一个推广.如果R是一个环,I是R的一个reduced理想,给出了如果R/I是强幂级数McCoy环(幂级数McCoy环),那么R是强幂级数McCoy环(幂级数McCoy环).环R是幂级数McCoy环当且仅当R[x]是幂级数McCoy.找到了强幂级数McCoy环上的上三角矩阵环的一类强幂级数McCoy子环,得出了幂级数McCoy环和reduced环是强幂级数McCoy环.     

Zonal Embedded Grids for LES of Self-Sustaining Structures of Wall Turbulence

<正>Introduction With the development of computation fluid dynamic (CFD) and the need for complicated flow simulation, more and more research has been conducted using com-putational grids. For the multi-block structured grids of large eddy simulation (LES) or direct numerical simu-lation (DNS) frames, the local grid refinement method