Spatial variability of cyanobacterial community composition in Sanya Bay as determined by DGGE fingerprinting and multivariate analysis

The cyanobacterial communities in the surface and bottom waters of Sanya Bay were investigated on April 24 and 25,2010.Flow cytometry showed that the total cyanobacterial abundance in the surface and bottom layers ranged from 0.7×10 4 to 2.38×10 4 cells mL-1 and from 1×10 4 to 1.8×10 4 cells mL-1,respectively.Cyanobacterial diversity was analyzed using a molecular fingerprinting technique called denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE),followed by DNA sequencing.The results were then interpreted through multivariate statistical analysis.Differences in the compositions of cyanobacterial communities were observed in the surface and bottom waters at the same station,with some bands obtained from both the surface and bottom layers,whereas some bands were present only in one layer.The predominant cyanobacterial species of the excised DGGE bands were related to Synechococcus or Synechococcus-like species(56.2%).Other phylogenetic groups identified included Chroococcidiopsis(6.3%),Cyanobium(6.3%) and some unclassified cyanobacteria(31.2%).A redundancy analysis(RDA) was conducted to reveal the relationships between the cyanobacterial community composition and environmental factors.Analysis results showed that the spatial variations in the cyanobacterial community composition in surface waters was significantly related to chlorophyll a(Chla),the biochemical oxygen demand(BOD),nitrate and phosphate(P<0.05).Meanwhile,the spatial variations in the bottom waters was significantly affected by nitrate,nitrite,and phosphate(P<0.05).Environmental parameters could explain 99.3% and 58.3% of the variations in the surface and bottom layers,respectively.     

Size distribution and element composition of dust aerosol in Chinese Otindag Sandland

Dust aerosol is one important component of atmos-pheric aerosols, and plays important roles in the Earth’s climate system and the biogeochemical cycle. Large amounts of dust aerosols produced from windblown soils and deserts are emitted annually into the atmosphere and transported over long distance to downwind land and ocean areas[1]. The deserts and desertification soils in northern China are important sources of East Asia dust aerosols. It is estimated that 800 Mt of dust aerosols emit-t…     

基于层层自组装的{壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管}9/玻碳电极电催化氧化H2 O2

 基于带正电荷的壳聚糖(CHIT)和功能化的带负电荷的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)之间的静电吸附,通过层层自组装的方法制备了均一、 稳定的{CHIT/MWNTs}₉多层膜。组装{CHIT/MWNTs}₉多层膜的玻碳(GC)电极用来研究H₂ O₂的电催化氧化,测定H₂ O₂的线性范围﹑响应时间和检测下限分别为：8×10^-6～1.0×10^-2 mol/L (相关性系数为0.997)﹑2 s 和4×10^-6 mol/L。另外,{CHIT/MWNTs}₉/GC电极具有较好的稳定性能。     

Electrostatic interactions in the assembly of haemoglobin

Haemoglobin is the prototype of an allosteric protein in which cooperative behaviour depends on interaction between unlike subunits. Here we present haematological and biochemical evidence that electrostatic interactions are an important determinant of haemoglobin assembly. Individuals heterozygous for positively charged beta-globin variants have a significantly lower proportion of abnormal haemoglobin than those with negatively charged variants. Moreover, these differences become more pronounced when alpha-thalassaemia is also present. Kinetic experiments using isolated chains indicate that the rate of assembly of the heterotetramer is influenced by alterations in surface charge. A simple electrostatic model is proposed in an attempt to explain these haematological and experimental findings.     

氨基化纳米银的制备及抗菌性研究

利用原位修饰法合成了表面氨基化纳米银,优化了纳米银的制备条件.通过紫外-可见光谱、傅里叶变换-红外光谱、X射线衍射、Zeta电势及透射电子显微镜等对其进行了分析和表征.对纳米银的抗菌性能进行了研究.结果表明:氨基化纳米银带有正电荷,能通过静电吸引作用结合表面带负电荷的细菌,使抗菌活性显著提高;氨基化的纳米银可有效抑制革兰氏阴性细菌和阳性细菌的生长;该材料可被应用于医学器件和细菌控制领域.     

Spatial distribution of bacterial community in EGSB reactor treating synthetic sulfate-containing wastewater at low organic loading rate

Given that the consumption of organic sub- stances entails costly biodesulfurization, the characteristics of the bacterial community in a reactor should be deter- mined to increase the desulfurizing rate under low organic loading condition. In this study, the bacterial community distribution in the expanded granular sludge bed reactor used to treat sulfate-containing wastewater with low organic loading rate was determined by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （PCR- DGGE） and 16S rDNA clone library analyses. DGGE results showed that the predominant bacteria were stable and accounted for -90 % sulfate removal efficiency. Differences in band positions and intensities indicated that the distribution and abundance of bacteria were affected by their positions in the reactor. Typical bands were identified in the bacterial community comprising Desulfovibrio, Desulfomicrobium, Thiomonas, Acinetobacter, Bacteroi- detes, and Chloroflexi. Their functions in the reactor were also discussed. The possible links between the functional and microbial responses were also investigated based on the characteristic and spatial distribution of each bacterium in consortium.     

Molecular simulation study of the binding mechanism of [α-PTi<Subscript>2</Subscript>W<Subscript>10</Subscript>O<Subscript>40</Subscript>]<Superscript>7−</Superscript> for its promising broad-spectrum inhibitory activity to FluV-A neuraminidase

Polyoxometalate (POM) has promising antiviral activities. It shows broad-spectrum inhibiting ability, high efficiency, and low tox-icity. Experimental assays show that titanium containing polyoxotungstates have anti-influenza-virus activity. In this paper, the bind-ing mechanisms of five isomers of di-Ti-substituted polyoxotungstate, [α-1,2-PTi₂W₁₀O₄₀]^7– (α-1,2), [α-1,6-PTi₂W₁₀O₄₀]^7– (α-1,6), [α-1,5-PTi₂W₁₀O₄₀]^7– (α-1,5), [α-1,4-PTi₂W₁₀O₄₀]^7– (α-1,4) and [α-1,11-PTi₂W₁₀O₄₀]^7– (α-1,11), to five subtypes of influenza virus A neuraminidase (FluV-A NA) were investigated in the context of aqueous solution by using molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies. The results show that the isomer α-1,2 is superior to other isomers as a potential inhibitor to neuraminidase. The positively charged arginine residues around the active site of NA could be induced by negatively charged POM to adapt themselves and could form salt bridge interactions and hydrogen bond interactions with POM. The binding free energies of POM/NA complexes range from –5.36 to –8.31 kcal mol^–1. The electrostatic interactions are found to be the driving force during the binding process of POM to NA. The conformational analysis shows that POM tends to bind primarily with N1 and N8 at the edge of the active pocket, which causes the conformational change of the pincers structure comprising residue 347 and loop 150. Whereas, the active pockets of N2, N9 and N4 are found to be more spacious, which allows POM to enter into the active pockets directly and anchor there firmly. This study shows that negatively charged ligand as POM could induce the reorganization of the active site of NA and highlights POM as a promising inhibitor to NA despite the ever increasing mutants of NA.     

燃煤飞灰单极荷电对纤维滤料过滤性能的强化

细颗粒物的单极荷电能够改善细颗粒物被纤维滤料过滤的性能.本文设计搭建了由线板式预荷电器和纤维滤料集尘装置组成的复合静电增强过滤实验平台,分别研究了在不同荷电类型、不同荷电电压以及不同过滤风速三种工况下,单极荷电的燃煤飞灰颗粒被聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维滤料捕集时捕集效率及阻力特性的变化规律.结果表明,随着荷电电压的升高,过滤风速的下降,纤维滤料对荷电燃煤飞灰颗粒物捕集效率提高的同时压差增量减小,且压差增长速率明显降低.粒径越小,过滤效果增加越明显,且负荷电提高效果优于正荷电.     

Adiponectin levels are associated with the number and activity of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in patients with coronary artery disease

Objective: To study the relationship between plasma adiponectin concentration and the functional activities of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Circulating EPCs were enumerated as AC133⁺/KDR⁺ cells via flow cytometry and identified by co-staining with DiI-acLDL and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated lectin under a fluorescent microscope. The migratory capacity of EPCs was measured by modified Boyden chamber assay. Adhesion capacity was performed to count adherent cells after replating EPCs on six-well culture dishes coated with fibronectin. Results: The number of circulating EPCs (AC133⁺/KDR⁺ cells) decreased significantly in CAD patients, compared with control subjects [(74.2±12.3) vs (83.5±12.9) cells/ml blood, P<0.01]. In addition, the number of EPCs also decreased in CAD patients after ex vivo cultivation [(54.4±8.6) vs (71.9±11.6) EPCs/field, P<0.01]. Both circulating EPCs and differentiated EPCs were positively correlated with plasma adiponectin concentration. The functional activities of EPCs from CAD patients, such as migratory and adherent capacities, were also impaired, compared with control subjects, and positively correlated with plasma adiponectin concentration. Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the impairment of the number and functional activities of EPCs in CAD patients is correlated with their lower plasma adiponectin concentrations.     

林下连作种植参根际土壤可培养微生物区系及细菌群落对酚酸类化感物质的响应

为探究酚酸类成分对林下连作参根际土壤中微生物区系及可培养细菌群落的影响,以未栽培人参(Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer)林地土壤(1#样品)、连作未发病土壤(2#样品)和连作发病土壤(3#样品)为研究对象,探究根际土壤中微生物区系及可培养细菌群落结构、多样性的变化。同时,通过高效液相色谱(High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC)分析方法对土壤样品中的酚酸进行定性和定量分析。结果表明,2#样品和3#样品土壤可培养微生物总数量与1#样品相比分别下降61.37%和68.24%;可培养细菌分别下降61.36%和68.18%;可培养放线菌分别下降72.97%和75.68%;可培养真菌分别为1#样品的1.40倍和0.47倍。3种样品共分离到193株细菌,分属于4门6纲13目19科39属96种。3种样品中最优势菌纲均为芽孢杆菌纲Bacilli(相对分离频率分别为51.67%、64.00%、48.28%),1#样品、2#样品最优势菌属为芽孢杆菌属Bacillus(相对分离频率分别为15.00%、21.33%),3#样品最优势菌属为链霉菌属...     

板式电除尘器中粒子谱变化的矩量法估计

采用矩量法讨论了荷电多分散气溶胶粒子谱在除尘通道中的演化特征,得到了粒子在除尘器中的连续分布情况,计算了粒子谱分布随除尘通道长度和板距变化的情况.结果指出,小粒子和大粒子在通道前端即得到捕集;通道中的粒子谱将一直保持进口处的分布形态.模拟结果还发现,除尘通道增加到一定长度后,分级效率将逐渐稳定;而无论板间距如何变化,粒子捕集效率和通道中粒子谱的演化方式都基本上不会发生改变.     

Enhancement of the efficiency of PEI/liposome transfection by magnetofectins formed via electrostatic self-assembly

One of the major challenges for successful gene therapy is improving the transfection efficiency of non-viral vectors. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been developed as enhancers of non-viral vehicles. We prepared MNPs and modified them with polyethyleneimine (PEI), citric acid (CA) or carboxylmethyl-dextran (CMD). Both positively charged MNPs (MNPs@PEI) and negatively charged MNPs (MNPs@CA, MNPs@CMD) could spontaneously form transfection complexes (magnetofectins) with plasmid DNA and PEI/liposome via electrostatic self-assembly. Our results showed as-prepared magnetofectins apparently enhanced PEI/liposome transfection efficiency and/or gene expression level into COS-7 cells with reduced transfection time from 4 h to 15 min under a magnetic field in vitro. Meanwhile, the effect of magnetofection was cell line-dependant. These results suggest that charged MNPs could improve transfection efficiency for non-viral vectors by simply mixing with them and by exerting a magnetic force. Thus such MNPs provide a convenient platform for further applications of gene delivery.     

Rapid point-of-use water purification using nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) particles

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles are increasingly being investigated in removing aqueous contaminants. Here, we have demonstrated its inactivation and magnetic removal of bacteria and endotoxins from environmental wastewater samples. Varying dosages (10–1,000 μL) of 0–6 days aged nZVI with a concentration of 5 mg/mL for 2 mL wastewater samples were tested, and relevant removal efficiencies were determined using culturing method for bacteria and limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) for endotoxins. The supernatants of wastewater samples after reacting with nZVI and subsequent magnetic separations were subjected to spectroscopic, qPCR and DGGE analysis. Overall, high magnetic bacterial removal efficiencies were observed up to 3–4 logs for 1 mL nZVI, while the removal efficiencies decreased sharply down to 0.5 log for 10 μL nZVI. qPCR and DGGE results revealed that higher dosages of nZVI caused severe bacterial cell membrane ruptures, releasing significant amounts of DNA up to 10⁷–10⁸ gene copies/mL when 1 mL nZVI was used. Richer DGGE patterns were observed for higher nZVI dosages. In addition, regardless of the dosages (10–1,000 μL) we have observed more than 90 % removal of endotoxins from the wastewater samples. The described technology has great promise to be used as a point-of-use water purification solution for various purposes.     

海洋噬菌蛭弧菌对对虾病原菌及其他细菌的寄生作用

用宿主双层琼脂平板法，测定海洋噬菌蛭弧菌对２５株对虾病原菌和大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌的寄生作用，结果表明噬菌蛭弧菌菌株不同寄生的范围不同，但所有供试寄主细菌都能被某些蛭弧菌寄生，形成清晰的噬斑．用相差显微镜和电镜观察蛭弧菌的形态及噬菌过程     

柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea相关可培养共生放线菌多样性及其生物毒活性研究

【目的】研究斜阳岛附近海域柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caerulea可培养共生放线菌多样性及其发酵液代谢产物的生物毒活性。【方法】采用纯培养法和基于16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析对从广西斜阳岛附近海域采集的柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea可培养共生放线菌多样性进行研究,利用卤虫致死法测试其生物毒活性。【结果】从柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea中分离获得相关可培养放线菌23株,采用16SrRNA基因序列的系统发育分析后发现,这些菌株属于2个亚纲9个科9个属23种。绝大部分菌株都具有一定的生物毒活性,其中10株菌株有较强生物毒活性,l株有显著毒活性。【结论】广西斜阳岛附近海域柳珊瑚Anthogorgia caeru[ea中存在较为丰富的放线菌多样性,部分菌株具有较强的生物毒活性。     

Stable isotopic compositions of precipitation events from Kathmandu,southern slope of the Himalayas

Investigation of temporal variations in the stable δ^18O and δD isotopes from Kathmandu＇s precipitation events shows that the relatively enriched δ^18O and δD values in the winter （the dry season, dominated by the westerlies） were positively correlated with temperature, indicating a temperature effect controlling the changes of δ^18O and δD. However, the δ^18O and δD values were depleted in the summer （the wet season, dominated by the Indian monsoon）, which were negatively correlated with precipitation amount, indicating an amount effect. In addition, the comparison of stable isotopes in precipitation from Kathmandu and Mawlong （near the Bay of Bengal） shows that the overall trends of δ^18O and δD values at Kathmandu generally approximate those at Mawlong. However, there remain many differences between the details of the isotopic changes at Kathmandu versus those at Mawlong. Compared with those at Mawlong, the further rainout effect and the more intense lift effect of the oceanic moisture by the high mountains resulted in the more depleted δ^18O and δD values in summer precipitation at Kathmandu. A deuterium excess and the local meteoric water lines reveal that evaporation at Kathmandu exceeds that at Mawlong. The data also show that the Indian monsoon activities at Mawlong are more intense than those at Kathmandu.     

Coupling and feedback between iron and sulphur in air-sea exchange

Iron in surface seawater has been demonstrated to be the limiting nutrient factor for primary productivity in certain oceanic regions where other major nutrients are abundant[1—5]. The available Fe to the phytoplankton in seawater is related to the uptake of carbon dioxide through the ocean and, in turn, to the global greenhouse effect[6—11]. Recent reports showed that the available Fe in the seawater is closely correlative to nitrogen fixation in the ocean[12—17]. Understanding which Fe s…     

乌天麻外观性状与特征性成分含量相关性研究

为探究乌天麻(Gastrodia elata f.glauca)外观性状与特征性成分含量之间的关系,本研究通过采集贵州、陕西两地天麻主产区的乌天麻鲜品,测定其长度、宽度、厚度、质量等指标,利用电子感官仪测定样品色、气、味等性状特征值,采用高效液相色谱法测定样品中主要有效成分的含量,以进一步探究两者的相关性。结果表明,乌天麻形、色、气、味等性状特征值与其主要成分含量之间均存在一定的相关性。其中,厚度与天麻素、对羟基苯甲醇、巴利森苷类含量的关联性最强,呈正相关;颜色值a~*与天麻素含量呈极显著负相关,L~*、E~*_ab与对羟基苯甲醇含量呈显著负相关;对羟基苯甲醇含量与电子舌CTS (咸)、ANS (甜)响应值呈极显著正相关,与电子鼻LY型响应值呈显著或极显著负相关,与T型和P型响应值呈显著或极显著正相关。研究结果可为乌天麻质量评价提供参考。     

A rapid and accurate 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay for quantification of bacteriocins with nisin as an example

The objective of this study is to propose a more accurate and faster MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay (MCA) for quantitative measurement of polypeptide bacteriocins in solutions with nisin as an example. After an initial incubation of nisin and indicator bacterium Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 in tubes, MTT was added for another incubation period. After that, nisin was quantified by estimating the number of viable bacteria based on measuring the amount of purple formazan produced by cleavage of yellow tetrazolium salt MTT. Then MCA was compared to a standard agar diffusion assay (ADA). The results suggested a high correlation coefficient (r ²=0.975±0.004) between optical density (OD) and the inhibitory effect of nisin on a bacterial strain Micrococcus luteus NCIB 8166 at a range of 0.125~32 IU/ml. The MCA described in this study was very quick. Quantification of nisin took only 7~8 h and the detection limit was at the level of 0.125 IU/ml when compared to 12 IU/ml and 24~28 h for ADA. The MCA provides an accurate and rapid method for quantification of nisin in solutions and is expected to be used for quantification of other antimicrobial substances.