Delayed drainage of aquitard in response to sudden change in groundwater level in adjacent confined aquifer: Analytical and experimental studies

The problem of the groundwater dynamics and water balance of a confined aquifer in the aquifer system has been solved in previous studies, whereas that in the aquitard adjacent to the confined aquifer has seldom been considered. In reality, the groundwater dynamics of the aquitard are closely related to the exploitation of groundwater resources, groundwater contamination, underground storage utilization and land subsidence. In this paper, an analytical solution is derived to describe the drawdown variation in the aquitard when the head in the adjacent confined aquifer declines by a constant value. The characteristics of groundwater dynamics and water balance of the aquitard are analyzed using a dimensionless analytical solution. There is obvious delayed behavior in the response of groundwater dynamics in the aquitard, which is characterized by the delay index t0. The delayed behavior in the response of groundwater dynamics is not only dependent on the properties of the aquitard, but also proportional to the square of the thickness of the aquitard. The law of the delayed release of water is described in terms of the ratio of the delayed release of water. A water balance equation for the aquitard is established. Three stages of the water balance and the corresponding characteristics are presented with the water balance curves of the aquitard. The analytical solution is given to analyze the flux per unit horizontal area of the aquitard. The hydrogeological parameters of the aquitard, namely the hydraulic conductivity, specific storativity and hydraulic diffusivity, are estimated according to type-curve fitting between the analytical solution and observed flux. The parameters are identified and validated in an experiment.     

Dynamics of total culturable bacteria and its relationship with methylmercury in the soils of the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Field investigations were conducted to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of total culturable bacteria(TCB)and its relationship with methylmercury(MeHg)in the soils of the water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir.Different altitudes(170–180,170–175,165–170 and 160–165 m)in Zhenxi(Site 1),Shibaozhai(Site 2)and Tujing(Site 3),Chongqing,China were chosen as sampling sites.Results indicated that TCB did not have significant difference in the top(0–10 cm)and sub(10–20 cm)soil of the non-inundated area(175–180 m),but showing a significant difference in the water level fluctuation zone(\175 m,suggesting that water level fluctuation had an important effect on TCB.Moreover,TCB in soils of various altitudes of Site 1 and 2had significant difference,while for Site 3,this difference was not significant.And the difference of TCB in Site 2was much greater than that in Site 1.These results suggested that there were significant differences for TCB in soils of mainstream and tributaries.In addition,TCB in soils of 10–20 cm had significant or highly significant positive correlations with MeHg level(r C 0.762,P B 0.048),thus we assumed that there may be some aerobic microorganisms playing dominant roles in mercury methylation.     

云南开远深井水位异常与地震

首先对开远深井地下水位近30年资料中,大震前异常变化特征进行了分析研究;同时,利用相关数学分析方法对资料进行了滤波处理,对云南及近场区中强以上地震前中长期、短期异常指标进行了进一步的提取;最后对该井地下水位在震前的微动态变化特征进行了探讨.     

弘扬三峡传统文化精华构建三峡当代人文精神--对三峡民间传说的深层透视

三峡民间传说以三峡风景传说为主,其本质意义是三峡人民附加在三峡自然景观之上的一种地域文化活动形态.作为以三峡人民为主体在漫长岁月中所创造并以口耳相传方式而流播的三峡文化的一个特殊分支,它集中反映了三峡人民的精神意志、心理情感、价值取向、理想追求和乡土情结.发掘三峡先民留给我们的这片地域文化富矿,对深入研究三峡文化与文学、弘扬三峡传统文化精华,构建三峡当代人文精神均有重要作用.     

宜昌地区第四纪沉积物重矿物特征及其与三峡贯通的关系

水系的变化导致物源区的变化,反映在相关沉积盆地中表现为沉积物中矿物组合的改变,以及特征矿物的出现.通过对三峡出口处宜昌地区第四纪沉积物中重矿物特征的研究,结合区域地质资料、野外沉积特征研究和样品EsR测年资料,认为0.73 Ma以前的冲积扇一扇三角洲沉积中重矿物特征明显不同于之后的阶地沉积及现代河床沉积物.这种重矿物组合的不同反映了0.7 Ma前后物源区的改变,同时也指示长江三峡贯通的时间.     

与时俱进,建好用好三峡工程

长江三峡水利枢纽是迄今为止世界上最大的水利水电工程。三峡工程研究论证了数十年,最终才在1992年七届人大五次大会上表决通过。该工程1994年正式开工,2003年实现初期蓄水、通航、发电三大目标,目前正顺利进行三期工程,预期2008年全部机组可以投产,可望提前1年竣工,发挥设计预定效益。经过十多年艰苦卓绝的奋战,克服了难以想象的困难,三峡工程已取得巨大成就,工程建设呈现出质量优、进度快、造价低、环境美诸多特点;尤其是工程质量,一期比一期提高,三期工程数百万立方米的大坝混凝土中未出现一条裂缝,创造了世界大坝建设的新记录和奇迹,成…     

三峡库区外迁移民的心态及对策分析

分析三峡外迁移民的各种心态及其影响因素对移民安置的影响，从而提出解决移民各种消极心态的建议和措施，这对确保移民工作的顺利开展，具有重要的意义和作用。     

组合灰色神经网络法在地下水动态预测中应用

为了更好的预测地下水水位,在对现有的地下水动态预测的方法深入分析的基础上,利用某地区地下水位监测数据,采用灰色动态模型与人工神经网络相结合的方法,对该地区地下水水位进行了建模预测分析,并对未来可能的变化进行预测.预测结果与实测结果吻合较好,达到了较高精度,该方法对于地下水的动态预报具有一定的实用价值.     

三峡文化的影视传播及审美价值

三峡文化历史悠久,内涵丰富,为影视艺术提供了资源和动力.影视艺术既是三峡文化的载体,又是三峡文化的重要组成部分.自然三峡的影视传播形成复制式、背景式和意象式三种形态,人文三峡的影视传播探讨人的性格特征、人的情感状态和民俗风情.三峡工程的影视传播主要包括三峡工程的建设和三峡移民两个层面.三峡文化和影视传播同质同构、兼容互渗.     

论摄影对三峡旅游的助推作用

当代中国摄影事业蓬勃发展,旅游产业方兴未艾。文章以长江三峡地区资深摄影家长期跟踪拍摄著名旅游景观＂巫山云雨＂推动三峡旅游发展为例,提出摄影与旅游是一对＂姻亲＂关系,摄影通过记录再现、阅读传播等途径助推旅游,而旅游产业也为摄影的多元化发展提供了广阔的实践空间,二者的亲密互助,前途光明。     

分形块体理论及其在三峡高边坡工程中的应用

把分形几何与块体理论相结合提出了分形块体理论，建立了分形块体赤平解析法，并将其应用于三峡永久船闸高边坡稳定性分析中，初步结果表明；分形体理论符合工程实际，是分析裂隙岩体工程稳定性行之有效且可靠的方法，。相信在三峡高边坡岩体稳定分析中将具有很好的应用前景。     

长江三峡阶地的年代对比法及其意义

长江三峡的成因是一悬而未决的难题,而阶地的划分对比又是解决三峡贯通问题的切入点.作者在详细研究的基础上提出在阶地对比中的年代对比法.利用对比结果,结合在三峡出口处记录水系演化历史的宜昌地区第四纪早期沉积特征、物源分析及ESR测年等方面的研究结果,认为贯通三峡的长江在宜昌地区出现的时间晚于湖相沉积结束的时间(0.75±0.08) Ma,而长江三峡段的阶地最多可以划分为5级,其中最老一级阶地的年龄为0.7～0.73 Ma.由此证实了长江三峡是形成于中更新世早期的相对年轻的河谷.     

三峡库区泥沙对磷吸附热力学实验及模型研究

利用三峡库区原状水沙开展泥沙吸附磷的热力学实验,以获得泥沙吸附磷的热力学方程和临界平衡磷浓度(EPC0)。结果表明,吸附平衡时磷在水沙之间的分配关系符合Langmuir吸附等温式,并且不同泥沙含量对应于不同的等温式。基于实验数据,对传统的Langmuir吸附等温式进行了改进,建立了反映泥沙含量影响的吸附等温式,并且得到了河流原型观测数据的验证。基于实验数据得到不同泥沙含量相应的临界平衡磷浓度,结果显示相同泥沙背景吸附条件下的EPC0同样与泥沙含量相关。     

三峡移民经济现状及扶持政策研究

因三峡工程长期论证和各种原因，三峡库区经济十分落后，在大规模搬迁中，国家实施的是前期补偿政策，要达到移民“搬得出，安得稳，逐步能致富”的目标，必须尽快实施后期扶持政策和措施，其扶持资金筹措，扶持对象，扶持办法等亟待研究并纳入研究决策。     

长江三峡地区现代构造活动性及其对地壳稳定性的影响

本文从长江三峡地区大地构造演化新构造运动、地壳形变、断裂活动性、地震活动性地应力测量等方面研究了本区现代地壳运动基本特征及其对地壳稳定性的影响,认为该区地壳稳定程度较高,现今构造活动微弱,不会对三峡工程造成影响,或构成威胁。     

Temporal and spatial variability response of groundwater level to land use/land cover change in oases of arid areas

This paper conducts a case study on the impacts of land use/cover change （LUCC） on the temporal and spatial variability of the groundwater level in an arid oasis in the Sangong River Watershed by using the geographical information system （GIS）, remote sensing （RS） and geostatistical methods. The temporal and spatial variability of the groundwater level in the watershed in 1978, 1987 and 1998 is regressed by using the＇semivariogram model and Kriging interpolation. The LUCC classification maps derived from the aerial images in 1978, Landsat TM image in 1987 and Landsat ETM image in 1998 are used to superpose and analyze the conversion relationship of LUCC types in the regions with different isograms of the groundwater depth. The results show that the change of groundwater recharge was not so significant in the whole oasis, but the temporal and spatial LUCC was significant either in the normal flow periods or in the high flow periods during the 20-year period from 1978 to 1998, and there was a close correlation between them. There is generally a moderate spatial correlation of groundwater level （33.4%） and the spatial autocorrelation distance is 17.78 km. The regions where the groundwater level is sharply changed are also the regions where the land resources are increasingly exploited, which include mainly the exploitation of farmlands, woodlands, and building, industrial and mining lands. The study reveals that the LUCC affects strongly the temporal and spatial variability of the groundwater level in the arid oasis. The study results are of direct and practical significance for rationally utilizing shallow groundwater resources and maintaining the stability of the arid oasis.     

三峡工程中的力学问题

简要介绍三峡工程建设概况,对三峡工程中所涉及到的水力学及河流动力学、土力学及岩石力学、结构力学、爆破力学等主要力学问题进行综述．     

三峡库区塌岸预测参数及其影响因素研究

三峡库区重点库岸段塌岸调查结果显示,土质冲蚀磨蚀型和坍塌型塌岸占其长度的50%以上.而能否对此类库岸的塌岸范围和规模做出准确的预测评价,塌岸预测参数是关键.通过大量调查实践,总结出了两种塌岸预测参数取值方法(纵向类比调查和横向类比调查).同时在对三峡库区和三个类比水库典型塌岸的大量现场调查和参数实测的基础上,综合给出了几种容易产生塌岸的岩土体塌岸预测参数特征值(包括水下堆积坡角、冲磨蚀坡角、水上稳定坡角).统计分析结果显示,岩土体结构越紧密、粗粒径料含量越多、库水动力条件越弱,塌岸预测参数越大.这一研究成果具有较强的参考和借鉴价值.     

三峡移民题材新闻的导向性与可读性探索——以《三峡都市报》为例解析

三峡移民题材新闻政策性强,很多信息既是库区移民关注的热点、焦点,也是各级党委和政府工作中的重点和难点。本文通过对《三峡都市报》近年来移民题材新闻的解析,结合现代传播学、采访学和编辑学理论,切实解决三峡移民题材新闻的可读性与导向性问题,为进一步搞好移民宣传工作提供理论支持和实践指南。