抑制肿瘤小G蛋白ARHI研究进展

小GTP结合蛋白在细胞的整个生命活动中起着重要的作用.人类ARHI基因是小GTP结合蛋白中Ras亚家族的一个成员.系母系印迹基因,定位于染色体lp31.ARHI基因含有两个外显子和一个内含子,启动子区域有转录抑制因子E2F结合位点、3'末端有Au-rich区域.在ARHI基因中存在三个CpG岛,其中第一个CpG岛位于该基因的启动子区域,第二个CpG岛跨越了启动子和第一个外显子区.第三个CpV岛处于第二个外显子之内.与正常细胞相比,ARHI基因在肿瘤细胞中表达受到抑制,其原因为ARHI基因的杂合缺失,CpG岛的异常甲基化,转录抑制因子增多和多聚组蛋白脱乙酰化酶表达加强等.ARHI通过需钙蛋白酶途径诱导细胞凋亡;通过与STAT3(信号转导与转录激活因子3)的结合阻滞癌变.     

鲤IGF2b基因内含子的克隆、基因组序列分析及慢病毒载体构建

 为了了解鲤IGF2b基因与鲤生长性状之间的关系,以建鲤为试验材料,克隆了IGF2b基因内含子,分析其基因组序列的特点,构建了IGF2基因的慢病毒载体,同时观察其在293T细胞中的表达活性。结果获得鲤IGF2b 5 173 bp长度的基因组DNA序列(HM755899),共有3个内含子,4个外显子;在3′非翻译区存在2个CpG岛,在5′端非翻译区存在(T)n重复序列;除此之外,成功构建了慢病毒载体质粒Lenti-IGF2b-IRES-EGFP,转染293T细胞后,产生的重组慢病毒颗粒出现高表达绿色荧光,荧光定量PCR检测发现IGF2b基因在293T细胞中高表达。这些结果将为研究IGF2b基因在多态性、表达方面与鲤生长性状之间的关联奠定基础。     

人IDE基因启动子生物信息学分析

对人IDE基因启动子进行生物信息学分析以获得人IDE基因启动子、CpG岛及转录因子结合位点特征.从UCSC基因组数据库成功获得人IDE基因5’调控区2 000 bp序列.Promoter 2.0、FPROM、NNPP预测人IDE基因分别有3个、2个、6个启动子.Relative profile score threshold选择80%、85%、90%、95%、100%时,JASPAR预测该序列存在5170、1771、454、87和5个可能的转录因子结合位点.Relative profile score threshold选择80%,搜索到6个潜在的TCF7L2转录因子结合位点.采用进化足迹法,LAGAN预测方法获得位于人和小鼠同源IDE基因启动子保守区域相同位置的转录因子结合位点为14个,包含转录因子SPI-1、cap、c-FOS、FREAC-3、c-ETS、Cdxa、HSF2等.发现一个CpG岛,位于1 303～1 705 bp 之间,大小为403 bp.人IDE基因启动子、CpG岛及转录因子结合位点的生物学信息学分析,为下一步基因表达调控实验奠定了基础.     

dDnmt2与dMBD2/3在果蝇不同发育时期的转录表达

为了深入了解果蝇DNA甲基化修饰系统及其相关基因的表达特点及功能,以黑腹果蝇Canton S品系为材料,应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测分析不同发育时期果蝇dDnmt2与dMBD2/3基因的转录表达.结果表明:dDnmt2与dMBD2/3分别在6～9 h和0-3 h胚胎期表达量最高,在12～15 h和18～21 h胚胎、三龄幼虫、蛹、成虫期表达明显降低.果蝇dDnmt2和dMBD2/3基因的表达特点与果蝇不同发育时期基因组DNA甲基化水平相一致.     

线粒体上核糖核蛋白基因内含子与相应编码序列的相互作用分析

剪切后的内含子对基因的表达调控过程仍发挥着重要的作用,发现内含子通过与相应mRNA的相互作用来实现这些功能的.用改进后的Smith-Waterman算法进行局域比对,对线虫、果蝇、小鼠和人类的线粒体上核糖核蛋白基因的内含子与相应编码序列做匹配性比对分析,发现内含子的中部序列与编码序列存在较强的相互作用,三类内含子上的匹配频率分布显示了各自的特征.在编码序列上有多个最佳匹配区域和禁配区域,推测这些禁配区域可能是蛋白质复合体的结合区域.最佳匹配片段的GC含量分布范围较广,覆盖了其它三类序列分布范围.高等真核生物最佳匹配片段的平均长度比低等真核生物要长一些.结论表明最佳匹配片段的序列特征符合RNA-RNA相互作用的一般规律,内含子应该是一类调控基因表达的功能片段.     

猪Klf4、Klf5和Egr2基因内含子的克隆及进化分析

从猪肝脏提取基因组作为模板,分别扩增了Klf4、Klf5和Egr2的第3、第2和第1内含子,长度分别为916、1027和1342bp,并通过其两端连接的部分外显子序列与Genbank序列比对加以确认,并和人相应基因内含子作长度和序列同源性比较。结果表明,由内含子比对得出的这些基因在人和猪间的保守程度与这些基因在氨基酸水平上比对得出的保守程度相一致。     

猪hnRNPK基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

首次克隆了猪hnRNPK基因启动子序列,并进一步对该序列进行了分析.结果显示:该基因启动子约1 kb,与已报道的人的相应序列相似度为78.9%,具有相同的"TCTCGCGAGA"核心启动子序列和转录起始位点.利用在线软件分析发现,猪hnRNPK基因启动子不含TATA盒,而含有CAAT盒的GC富集区,存在两处CpG岛,具有SP1、UCE.2、GCF、EARLY-SEQ1、TTR_inverted_repeat、NGFI-C、EARLY-SEQ1等多种转录因子潜在结合位点,并且具有8种基序结构.     

猪hnRNPK基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

首次克隆了猪hnRNPK基因启动子序列,并进一步对该序列进行了分析.结果显示:该基因启动子约1 kb,与已报道的人的相应序列相似度为78.9%,具有相同的"TCTCGCGAGA"核心启动子序列和转录起始位点.利用在线软件分析发现,猪hnRNPK基因启动子不含TATA盒,而含有CAAT盒的GC富集区,存在两处CpG岛,具有SP1、UCE.2、GCF、EARLY-SEQ1、TTR_inverted_repeat、NGFI-C、EARLY-SEQ1等多种转录因子潜在结合位点,并且具有8种基序结构.     

丹参WRKY家族成员TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2(TTG2)基因克隆与生物信息学分析

从丹参转录组数据库中克隆得到丹参WRKY家族成员TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA2(TTG2)基因(命名为SmTTG2(Genbank注册号:KC161227)),该基因包含一个长为1 425bp的完整开放读码框,编码475个氨基酸,DNA水平上包含3个内含子。序列分析显示,SmTTG2编码蛋白具有2个WRKY结构域和C2H2结构,属于I类WRKY家族成员,并且与黄瓜、怪柳等物种WRKY44高度相似。软件预测SmTTG2相对分子量为51.28kDa,等电点为8.58,且其在胞内不稳定,不具跨膜结构。利用DNA步移技术克隆获得SmTTG2基因5′侧翼区序列,分析结果显示该区域除了含有TATA box和CAAT box外,还包含应答环境因子和植物激素的、调节植物发育的顺式作用元件以及MYB转录因子结合位点。实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,SmTTG2基因在丹参花中表达量最高,且随着花期显示出逐步增高的趋势;另外SmTTG2基因的表达伴随丹参种子萌发过程,提示SmTTG2基因可能参与种子的发育和萌发过程。     

敏捷气热菌密码子及AUG侧翼序列保守性分析

比较敏捷气热菌和大肠杆菌等9种编码GC含量．以及各异生物的密码子使用情况．结果表明,与敏捷气热菌编码区GC含量比较接近的果蝇．在密码子使用上与之相差最小．它们在分类学上分别属于不同的域,与敏捷气热菌同属古菌．但GC含量相差较大的强烈炽热球菌．则相差较大．说明编码区GC含量对密码子使用偏好．比生物分类学(系统发育)地位更重要．碱基A．C在高、低表达基因中出现的概率差别较大．尤其在-1,-3,-4和7位点;碱基A,C在调控翻译起始效率中的作用．可能大于碱基G,U。因为碱基G,U在高表达和低表达基因中．其出现的概率差别不大．高表达和低表达基因起始密码子侧翼序列中．某些位点保守性存在差异．其中高表达基因-1位和-3全可能与其高表达特性有关．     

Comparative chromosome mapping of a conserved homoeo box region in mouse and human

Specific genes are assumed to regulate pattern formation in the mammalian embryo, but as yet none has been identified unequivocally. It is possible that such genes in mammals may be identified by virtue of a conserved coding sequence, because many of the Drosophila melanogaster homoeotic and segmentation genes, which have crucial roles in the regulation of segmental pattern formation during embryonic development, contain a 180-base pair (bp) DNA sequence, the homoeo box, and that sequences homologous to the Drosophila homoeo box are also present in 6-10 copies in higher animals, including mammals. Although the assumption that the homoeo box identifies genes responsible for pattern formation in mammals remains to be validated, it is a particularly attractive hypothesis given the strong conservation of homoeo boxes over vast evolutionary distances. Here we report the localization of a human homoeo box region, previously cloned and shown to contain two homoeo boxes within a sequence of 5-kilobases (kb), to the long arm of chromosome 17. We show that two single-copy homoeo box-flanking probes derived from this region strongly hybridize to single-copy restriction fragments in mouse genomic DNA and that these conserved homoeo box-flanking sequences map to mouse chromosome 11. This may be significant as several genes that map to chromosome 17 in human also map to chromosome 11 in the mouse, implying that a segment of mouse chromosome 11 is homologous to a region of human chromosome 17. Taken together, these data suggest that the homoeo box region detected with our probes is highly conserved in human and mouse.     

Predicted methylation landscape of all CpG islands on the human genome

CpG island methylation plays important role in various biological processes. To investigate methylation landscape of all CpG islands on the human genome, we develop a model for predicting the CpG island methylation status. This model outperforms other existing methods. We apply the model on the whole human genome and predict the landscape of DNA methylation of all CpG islands. Based on the methylation profile, we find that about 31% of CpG islands are methylation-prone and CpG islands located in promoter regions are seldom methylated. There is no significant difference in the CpG island methylation level between R and G bands among the chromosomes. The occupancy of RNA polymerase II is significantly higher in methylation-resistant promoter CpG islands, indicating that genes with such promoter CpG islands tend to be more active.     

Homoeobox gene expression in mouse embryos varies with position by the primitive streak stage

Pattern formation in animal development requires that genes be expressed differentially according to position in the sheets of cells that make up the early embryo. The homoeobox-containing genes of Drosophila are control genes active both in the establishment of a segmentation pattern and in the specification of segment identity. In situ hybridization experiments confirm that these genes are expressed in a segmentally-restricted manner and that their expression presages morphological differentiation of segmental structures. Homoeobox genes have recently been isolated from the mouse and have been shown to be expressed during mouse development. Using in situ hybridization, we show here that expression of the mouse homoeobox gene Mo-10 (ref. 7) is spatially restricted in the developing embryo and that localization of expression is already evident within the germ layers before their morphological differentiation. These findings support the suggestion that the homoeobox genes of mammals, like those of Drosophila, may be important in pattern formation.     

CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation

It is likely that most vertebrate genes are associated with 'HTF islands'--DNA sequences in which CpG is abundant and non-methylated. Highly tissue-specific genes, though, usually lack islands. The contrast between islands and the remainder of the genome may identify sequences that are to be constantly available in the nucleus. DNA methylation appears to be involved in this function, rather than with activation of tissue specific genes.     

不同基因型黑腹果蝇的寿命比较

为了研究遗传因素对黑腹果蝇寿命的影响，本文用三角瓶液体饲养法饲养了４个基因型不同的果蝇品系（＃１、＃２、＃３和＃４的基因型分别为ＷＷＶｇＶｇＳｍＳｍＣｈＣｈ，ｗｗＶｇＶｇＳｍＳｍＣｈＣｈ，ＷＷｖｇｖｇＳｍＳｍＣｈＣｈ和ｗｗＶｇＶｇｓｍｓｍｃｈｃｈ），并记录和比较了它们的寿命。结果显示，群体的半数死亡期，平均寿命和最高寿命三项指标均呈现＃１＞＃２和＃３，＃２和＃３＞＃４的规律。提示显性基因多的果蝇品系寿命更长，从而支持了作者先前提出的“多显性基因决定长寿”的假说。