Urban Integrated Transportation Planning Based on Transit Oriented Development and its Research Challenges

Satisfying the increasing traffic demand with the least amount of resource and environmental costs, the sustainable development object of urban traffic system determines that from long-term viewpoint, it is necessary to establish urban integrated traffic planning system with public transport as it is. The planning idea of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is an important method to realize urban integrated traffic planning system. Research and practice reveal that harmony and integration is the key method to solve urban traffic problems. The integration of traffic system and land-use is the basic problem. Urban traffic development strategy with TOD provides ideas and ways to harmonize the traffic and land-use systems, which brings out a series of new research subjects and challenges in the field of traffic planning.     

中国水土流失基础研究的机遇与挑战

水土流失是制约人类生存和社会可持续发展的重大环境问题,是我国各种生态问题的集中反映,对粮食安全和生态安全造成了严重威胁。国家973项目“中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与调控研究”以我国东北黑土漫岗区、西北黄土高原区、南方红壤丘陵区、西南紫色土山丘区4个水蚀区为重点,以土壤侵蚀过程为研究对象,拟解决主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀的发生发展过程与驱动机制、复杂环境下土壤侵蚀模型构建的理论与方法、水土流失与水土保持环境效应评价理论与调控机理等三个关键科学问题。研究水土流失发生发展过程与驱动机制,指导水土保持措施配置与战略规划;阐明流域产沙和水沙运移规律,减少江河洪涝灾害、维系大江大河和大湖安全;构建多尺度土壤侵蚀预报模型,预测发展趋势,指导水土保持规划;建立水土流失与水土保持的环境效应评价理论,为生态建设和制定中国水土保持宏观战略对策提供科学依据。