Orthogonal linear polarized lasers (Ⅱ)--Study on the physical phenomena

The physical phenomena and corresponding theoretical analysis of orthogonal polarized laser are reviewed. Four lasers (or systems) with orthogonal polarized beams are involved. For the birefringence dual frequency laser, its physical phenomena discussed include the alternation between strong mode competition and medium mode competition in cavity tuning; the range of frequency difference of strong mode competition (about 0-40 MHz); four polarization statuses (o-light oscillating but e-light extinguishing, both o-light and elight oscillating, e-light oscillating but o-light extinguishing, both o-light and e-light extinguishing) in cavity tuning; the tuning curves of frequency difference; the influence of optical activity of quartz crystal on polarization direction; and the aberrance of frequency splitting.For the Birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency laser, we focus on its intensity tuning and frequency difference tuning. For the feedback system of orthogonally polarized laser, we discuss the mutual suppression between two orthogonal frequencies, intensity exchange between two orthogonal frequencies and double of intensity fringe frequency. For orthogonally polarized LD-pumped Nd: YAG microchip laser, its property of the dependence of intensity sensitivity on frequency difference is described.     

Orthogonally linear polarized lasers (I) — principle and devices

Two kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, i.e. Zeeman dual-frequency lasers and four-frequency ring lasers (laser gyros) have been developed since the invention of lasers, in which circularly polarized lights oscillate. This paper summarizes recent progress of the study on orthogonally linear polarized lasers with the standing wave cavity. Firstly, the expression of producing orthogonally linear polarized lights in standing wave cavity, i.e. laser frequency splitting, is given. Almost all the birefringence effects made in laser cavity are used to produce orthogonally linear polarized lights. The effect includes quartz crystal birefringence effect, calcite birefringence effect, stress (photo-elastic) birefringence effect and electro-optical birefringence effect. Secondly, several physical phenomena of orthogonally linear polarized lasers are discovered such as aberrance of frequency splitting curves caused by optical activity of quartz crystal, order-passing of longitudinal modes with frequency splitting and strong modes competition. Finally, because the traditional Zeeman dual frequency laser cannot output frequency difference larger than 3 MHz, the approaches of obtaining larger frequency difference are studied. The sequential results, several kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, are described, such as birefringence dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 40 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 1 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, the LD pumped YAG birefringence dual frequency laser outputting frequency difference of several gigahertz, and the lasers whose longitudinal mode spacing is c4L instead of c2L.     

Orthogonally linear polarized lasers(Ⅰ)--principle and devices

Two kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, i.e. Zeeman dual-frequency lasers and four-frequency ring lasers (laser gyros) have been developed since the invention of lasers, in which circularly polarized lights oscillate. This paper summarizes recent progress of the study on orthogonally linear polarized lasers with the standing wave cavity. Firstly, the expression of producing orthogonally linear polarized lights in standing wave cavity, i.e. laser frequency splitting, is given. Almost all the birefringence effects made in laser cavity are used to produce orthogonally linear polarized lights. The effect includes quartz crystal birefringence effect, calcite birefringence effect,stress (photo-elastic) birefringence effect and electro-optical birefringence effect. Secondly, several physical phenomena of orthogonally linear polarized lasers are discovered such as aberrance of frequency splitting curves caused by optical activity of quartz crystal, order-passing of longitudinal modes with frequency splitting and strong modes competition. Finally, because the traditional Zeeman dual frequency laser cannot output frequency difference larger than 3 MHz, the approaches of obtaining larger frequency difference are studied. The sequential results, several kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, are described, such as birefringence dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 40 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 1 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, the LD pumped YAG birefringence dual frequency laser outputting frequency difference of several gigahertz, and the lasers whose longitudinal mode spacing is c/4L instead of c/2L.     

Orthogonal linear polarized lasers(Ⅲ) Applications in self-sensing

In this paper, the applications of orthogonal linear polarized lasers in self-sensing are reviewed. The properties for such a laser include the production of a new frequency in one longitudinal mode spacing, the tuning of frequency difference, the change of polarization states as cavity tuning, the control of mode competition intensity, the optical feedback, and so on. The orthogonal polarized lasers have been used as a laser nanometer ruler based on competition between two polarized lights in a HeNe laser and as a displacement measurement tool based on the optical feedback in the orthogonal polarized lasers. They are also used in the phase retardation measurement of a waveplate, the angle measurement, the vibration measurement, the pressure/force measurement, the weak magnetic field measurement,and so on. The structures of these new devices are simple and compact with the great advantages of high resolution and high accuracy.Some of these devices can trace to the source of the laser wavelength. The nanometer laser ruler is an example whose measurement range is 12 mm, resolution is 79 nm and linearity is less than 5×10- 5. The repeatability of the phase retardation measuring system of waveplate can reach 3'.     

高分辨率双频激光回馈的位移测量方法

在分析双频激光回馈测量原理的基础上,提出了一种基于双频激光回馈原理的高精度位移测量方法,研究了双频激光回馈的基本现象并给出了理论依据,进一步在回馈光学系统基础上,对两路正交的光回馈条纹,利用电路进行细分处理:即5细分和4倍频电路相结合,细分产生的计数脉冲最后送入单片机进行计算及显示.采用可编程逻辑器件FPGA和单片机设计信号处理电路,利用FPGA实现4倍频细分,利用电阻链细分实现5细分.全部电路通过逻辑、时序仿真,验证了本方法的可行性.目前此系统可满足高精度位移测量的要求.     

一种双频共激活区调谐的染料激光放大系统

用双频染料激光的相关调谐原理，设计了一种不用分束耦合元件的新型迈尔克逊双频选频腔，实验实现了共线，宽调谐范围，功率比可控，可调，窄线宽的双频激光的振汇与放大，获得了脉冲能量12－13mJ的高功率输出。     

单频外腔半导体激光器的主动稳频

采用鉴频反馈电路控制外腔长，对长外腔单纵模半导体激光器进行主动稳频，获得线宽小于２００ｋＨｚ的稳定单频输出，在２ｈ内频率漂移小于２ＭＨｚ     

激光腔内单模场的强度和频率

本文用半经典理论研究激光腔内辐射场与原子的相互作用,得到了腔内单模场的强度随时间的变化关系以及频率牵引效应。     

DBR光纤激光器压力传感系统的研制

研制了一种基于正交偏振形式的双频分布式布拉格反射(Distributed Bragg Reflection, DBR)光纤激光器光纤压力传感器系统。当外部压力作用在光纤激光器谐振腔上时,光纤晶体双折射的变化会引起正交偏振方向上的激光频率发生变化,从而导致输出拍频频率改变。利用快速光电二极管将双频激光输出的拍频信号转换成射频电信号,通过一个射频混频电路将该信号与频率合成器产生的本地振荡信号混频并低通滤波放大整形,变为400 M以下的调频信号,再利用ECL定时计数电路系统记录拍频信息并通过USB接口送入计算机。实验表明,在0～1.5 N范围内线性拟合度高达99.97 %,压力灵敏度为400 MHz·N^-1。     

相干光正交频分系统CO-OFDM的原理及仿真分析

光纤通信具有其它通信方式无可比拟的优点,因而倍受青睐,不断获得发展。相干光正交频分复用系统(CO-OFDM)融合了正交频分复用技术(OFDM)和相干检测的双重优势。对于高速的光纤传输中存在的色度色散(CD)和偏振模色散(PMD)有很好的抑制作用,具有很高的频谱利用率。本文首先介绍了CO-OFDM的原理,利用仿真软件Optisystem建立了仿真模型,得到了系统的星座图和误码率曲线,并与传统QAM调制进行了比较。CO-OFDM将会在未来高速率、大容量和长距离传输系统中有广阔应用前景。     

用环形腔扫描干涉仪测量激光模间隔的研究

采用球面反射镜实现环形腔的本征模式与激光束注入模式的匹配，给出实验装置及偏振光频差测量结果，并通过非线性坐标变换消除了压电陶瓷PZT的非线性对测量结果的影响。     

e-P等离子体中超强激光脉冲的分裂及类多孤子结构的形成

通过推导并数值求解超强线极化脉冲激光在正负电子对（e-p）等离子体中传播时所满足的非线性Schr6dinger方程,讨论了超强线极化脉冲激光在e-p等离子体中的传播特性。结果表明,传播过程中真空极化和磁化产生的非线性效应与群速度色散之间的竞争能导致高斯型脉冲激光的自压缩,对长脉冲,这种竞争能使脉冲在压缩后又会产生分裂,最终导致类多孤子结构的形成。     

大跨度正交正放与正交斜放空腹夹层板力学性能对比分析

为对比正交正放与正交斜放空腹夹层板性能的差异,基于ANSYS、SAP2000建立大量模型,分析了边梁截面尺寸、表层板厚度、上肋和下肋截面尺寸、结构长跨比对两者刚度的影响,层高对结构频率的影响以及基于AP法对两者的抗连续性倒塌性能分析。结果表明：边梁截面尺寸与混凝土表层板厚度的增加可以明显的提升结构刚度;上、下肋截面高度为主要影响结构刚度的参数且截面尺寸增大可以提升结构刚度;结构的长跨比大于1.5时,选用正交斜放的放置形式更好;高层建筑中正交斜放空腹夹层板的自振频率更具优势;正交斜放空腹夹层板的抗连续性倒塌能力更优秀;正交斜放空腹夹层板的刚度从多个方面优于正交正放空腹夹层板。     

全光纤激光器中光栅作为腔镜的特点研究

选用介质膜作谐振腔镜,光纤激光器就缺乏有效的选频机制,使得输出激光线宽较宽,纵模频率和输出功率不够稳定;而光纤光栅作为激光器的谐振腔镜,可以得到稳定的窄线宽激光输出.通过对光纤光栅的形成机理和布拉格光栅选频原理分析,得到双布拉格光纤光栅线型谐振腔的理论.光纤光栅谐振腔的长度与光纤光栅中心波长满足S=(2m-1)λmax...     

一种极化MIMO雷达导引头关键技术研究

为提高雷达导引头的工作性能,提出一种新体制极化多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达导引头的概念,研究了该雷达导引头中的关键技术. 该雷达导引头采用双极化天线阵列,各个天线子阵发射正交频分线性调频信号;同时接收雷达回波信号的双极化分量,采用匹配滤波技术实现各个回波信号的有效分离;引入瞬态极化检测与识别技术,有效提高雷达导引头的抗干扰性能;采用单脉冲测角技术实现对目标的正确测角和跟踪. 理论分析和仿真结果表明,极化MIMO雷达导引头具有优良的电子战性能.      

激光极化态对激光等离子体中电子所受有质动力的影响

从理论上研究了线极化和圆极化超短超强激光脉冲对激光等离子体中电子所受有质动力的影响，得到了相应的解析表达式；通过单电子模型，比较了两种极化态的激光电场有质动力对电子纵向速度的影响．结果表明，线极化激光电场有质动力由于其振荡分量的存在要比圆极化对电子的加热更有效；电子因受振荡分量的作用而剧烈振荡，形成一个很强的纵向振荡静电场，产生静电场有质动力．     

窄线宽可调谐半导体激光器

研究了一种利用光栅弱耦合外腔改善可见光半导体激光器性能的方法,并对６５０ｎｍ半导体激光器进行了实验,外腔镜由一个闪耀光栅构成,通过转动光栅角度,获得了窄线宽单模激光输出,谱线宽度０．１ｐｍ,线宽压窄比达９８００,边模抑制比＞２０,并且在约２０ｎｍ的荧光谱宽基础上得到约５ｎｍ波长的连续调谐范围     

金属目标表面的反射激光偏振特性

 针对目前激光近程探测时仅利用漫反射回波强度信息抗干扰能力差的问题,提出基于激光偏振特性的目标探测方法,对金属目标表面的激光偏振特性进行了分析,给出了偏振反射的模型,并对典型金属目标的表面偏振反射特性进行了仿真.通过对反射光Stokes矢量的分析表明,线偏振光或圆偏振光经过金属表面反射后变为椭圆偏振光,其椭圆度和方位角随金属材质的不同而呈现不同的变化规律,将反射的偏振特性作为区分不同材料目标的依据,可提高探测系统的抗干扰性能.     

半导体激光器20nm波长范围的连续调谐

报导了一种使用ｌｉｔｔｒｏｗ配置方法的外腔式半导体激器的调谐方法，通过定义及计算光栅中心波长与外腔模式的误差函数，给出了外腔装配的优化设计。用此方法，实现了光栅外腔式半导体激光２０ｎｍ波长范围的连续调谐。调谐过程中无跳模现象，且也始终保持为单模。     

外腔半导体激光器的实验研究

本文报道了外腔半导体激光器的一些研究成果。利用闪耀光栅作反馈元件，对808nm波长的半导体激光器形成弱耦合外腔，实现了光谱特笥较好的窄线宽单模激光输出，线宽小于0.06nm，边模抑制比大于30dB，最大输出功率为35.4mW，总的光－光转换效率为46％。通过调整光栅转角，可以得到11.66nm的波长调谐范围。设计了光栅－反向镜联动结构，使外腔半导体激光器的输出方向不再随调谐而变化。