Orthogonal linear polarized lasers (Ⅱ)--Study on the physical phenomena

The physical phenomena and corresponding theoretical analysis of orthogonal polarized laser are reviewed. Four lasers (or systems) with orthogonal polarized beams are involved. For the birefringence dual frequency laser, its physical phenomena discussed include the alternation between strong mode competition and medium mode competition in cavity tuning; the range of frequency difference of strong mode competition (about 0-40 MHz); four polarization statuses (o-light oscillating but e-light extinguishing, both o-light and elight oscillating, e-light oscillating but o-light extinguishing, both o-light and e-light extinguishing) in cavity tuning; the tuning curves of frequency difference; the influence of optical activity of quartz crystal on polarization direction; and the aberrance of frequency splitting.For the Birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency laser, we focus on its intensity tuning and frequency difference tuning. For the feedback system of orthogonally polarized laser, we discuss the mutual suppression between two orthogonal frequencies, intensity exchange between two orthogonal frequencies and double of intensity fringe frequency. For orthogonally polarized LD-pumped Nd: YAG microchip laser, its property of the dependence of intensity sensitivity on frequency difference is described.     

Orthogonally linear polarized lasers (I) — principle and devices

Two kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, i.e. Zeeman dual-frequency lasers and four-frequency ring lasers (laser gyros) have been developed since the invention of lasers, in which circularly polarized lights oscillate. This paper summarizes recent progress of the study on orthogonally linear polarized lasers with the standing wave cavity. Firstly, the expression of producing orthogonally linear polarized lights in standing wave cavity, i.e. laser frequency splitting, is given. Almost all the birefringence effects made in laser cavity are used to produce orthogonally linear polarized lights. The effect includes quartz crystal birefringence effect, calcite birefringence effect, stress (photo-elastic) birefringence effect and electro-optical birefringence effect. Secondly, several physical phenomena of orthogonally linear polarized lasers are discovered such as aberrance of frequency splitting curves caused by optical activity of quartz crystal, order-passing of longitudinal modes with frequency splitting and strong modes competition. Finally, because the traditional Zeeman dual frequency laser cannot output frequency difference larger than 3 MHz, the approaches of obtaining larger frequency difference are studied. The sequential results, several kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, are described, such as birefringence dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 40 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 1 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, the LD pumped YAG birefringence dual frequency laser outputting frequency difference of several gigahertz, and the lasers whose longitudinal mode spacing is c4L instead of c2L.     

Orthogonally linear polarized lasers(Ⅰ)--principle and devices

Two kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, i.e. Zeeman dual-frequency lasers and four-frequency ring lasers (laser gyros) have been developed since the invention of lasers, in which circularly polarized lights oscillate. This paper summarizes recent progress of the study on orthogonally linear polarized lasers with the standing wave cavity. Firstly, the expression of producing orthogonally linear polarized lights in standing wave cavity, i.e. laser frequency splitting, is given. Almost all the birefringence effects made in laser cavity are used to produce orthogonally linear polarized lights. The effect includes quartz crystal birefringence effect, calcite birefringence effect,stress (photo-elastic) birefringence effect and electro-optical birefringence effect. Secondly, several physical phenomena of orthogonally linear polarized lasers are discovered such as aberrance of frequency splitting curves caused by optical activity of quartz crystal, order-passing of longitudinal modes with frequency splitting and strong modes competition. Finally, because the traditional Zeeman dual frequency laser cannot output frequency difference larger than 3 MHz, the approaches of obtaining larger frequency difference are studied. The sequential results, several kinds of orthogonally polarized lasers, are described, such as birefringence dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 40 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, birefringence-Zeeman dual frequency lasers outputting a frequency difference from 1 MHz to hundreds of megahertz, the LD pumped YAG birefringence dual frequency laser outputting frequency difference of several gigahertz, and the lasers whose longitudinal mode spacing is c/4L instead of c/2L.     

Orthogonal linear polarized lasers (Ⅲ)——Applications in self-sensing

In this paper, the applications of orthogonal linear polarized lasers in self-sensing are reviewed. The properties for such a laser include the production of a new frequency in one longitudinal mode spacing, the tuning of frequency difference, the change of polarization states as cavity tuning, the control of mode competition intensity, the optical feedback, and so on. The orthogonal polarized lasers have been used as a laser nanometer ruler based on competition between two polarized lights in a HeNe laser and as a displacement measurement tool based on the optical feedback in the orthogonal polarized lasers. They are also used in the phase retardation measurement of a waveplate, the angle measurement, the vibration measurement, the pressure/force measurement, the weak magnetic field measurement, and so on. The structures of these new devices are simple and compact with the great advantages of high resolution and high accuracy. Some of these devices can trace to the source of the laser wavelength. The nanometer laser ruler is an example whose measurement range is 12 mm, resolution is 79 nm and linearity is less than 5×10-5. The repeatability of the phase retardation measuring system of waveplate can reach 3'.     

846 nm半导体激光器线宽压窄的研究

研制了用于倍频蓝光的单模、可调谐的窄线宽光栅外腔反馈半导体激光器,它是由激光器底座、激光管组件、准直透镜组件和光栅组成.经过精密控制电流和温度,利用光栅反馈可获得激光单纵模输出,外腔的结构还使输出光的谱线宽度得以压窄.对研制的半导体激光器的特性测试表明,其输出功率稳定,阈值变小,模式单一稳定,波长可调谐,谱线宽度小于1 MHz.     

一种微波等离子体腔的模式分析

利用变分法对一种微波等离于腔中的主要模式进行了分析;导出了H_(11n)、H_(01n)、E_(01n)等模式的谐振频率的计算公式,由此计算H_(111)模的谐振频率,与实验结果进行了比较.     

声光调制正反馈环路的实验研究

通过研究声光调制器的原理及性能,设计了两种声光调制器的正反馈光学环路。一种环路可以提高声光调制器衍射效率,另一种环路可以实现光学频率梳。     

分析非共振环形腔的几种方法

对用于碰撞脉冲锁模的非共振环形腔作了理论描述和分析。使用展开为周期性薄透镜波导、等效厚透镜和等价g~*参数腔等三种方法推导出模参数、约束稳定和热稳定条件的简单表示式.讨论了象散和象散补偿问题,引入调整量δ后可使有关表示式得以简化。     

掺铒光纤激光器中的模式损耗测量与模式竞争

模式竞争效应是实现激光器稳定输出的理论基础。由于各纵模的损耗不同,导致起振阈值不同。在测量掺铒光纤Bragg光栅FP腔激光器振荡模式损耗的基础上,对掺铒光纤Bragg光栅FP腔激光器的模式竞争效应进行理论与实验研究。采用衰荡光谱技术测量掺铒光纤Bragg光栅FP腔激光器振荡模式的损耗,确定各振荡模式的阈值条件,讨论激光器中的模式竞争。研究结果表明各振荡纵模损耗直接影响模式竞争结果。所得结果为单波长、双波长及多波长光纤激光器制作提供理论依据。     

利用微失调扭转模腔产生双频激光

目的 研究在激光二极管泵浦固体激光器内利用扭转模腔微失调的方法产生单纵模分裂并输出相干双频激光,频差连续可调。方法 采用琼斯矩阵分析光在谐振腔内的本征方程,得到它的本征值和本征向量,从而可表示模在腔内的相位延迟和偏振状态。     

复合腔抑制主动锁模光纤激光器超模噪声的理论与实验研究

利用Vernier定理和传输函数方法，在理论上定性地分析了复合腔抑制主动锁模光纤激光器超模噪声的原理，实验中利用复合腔获得基频34MHz、脉宽37ps的72阶谐波锁模脉冲，理论和实验均表明，采用复合腔抑制超模噪声的效果并不十分明显，但在实验中发现，利用复合腔可以获得较为稳定的谐波锁模脉冲，对于主动锁模光纤激光器走向实用化具有一定意义。     

相干条件的理论解释

本文定量地论述光波的三个相干条件并指出位相差必须恒定在这一条件对产生光的干涉效应是很关键的.     

LASER INDUCED THERMAL LENS EFFECT

The thermal lens effect has emerged in recent years as a novel, highly sensitive tool for the study of the very weak molecular absorption of light energy. This paper discusses the theory and technique of the thermal lens measurement. Some applications of the thermal lens measurement are described. A mode-mismatched dual-beam thermal lens experimental arrangement with a modulated probe beam, designed by the authors, for trace analysis is presented, and its detection limit was found to be 4.1×10~(-7) for Cu(Ⅱ)in ethanol and 80 mW excitation power.     

双反射薄膜的设计和实现

弹光效应双反射膜是一种各向异性的高反射膜。在预加了应力的基片上镀制高反射膜 ,然后撤去基片上的预加应力 ,则基片上因弹性变形而产生的应变便转移到了膜系上。由于弹光效应使膜系成为各向异性的 ,从而使垂直入射光束的两个正交偏振反射分量有了一定的相对相位延迟。理论分析和实验证明 ,选择好膜系结构 ,确定好中心波长 ,并经优化 ,在工作波长处可以得到较大的相位色散 ,施加 10 0 N的力就能在正交方向获得 1.8°的相位差而反射率保持不变 ;此膜系用于氦氖激光器 ,可制出频差为 5 MHz量级的双频激光器。文中给出了一个弹光效应的双反射膜的结构参数和数值计算结果。     

单模光纤声光移频器

介绍了一种由在ＳＴ切石英晶体上制成的声表面波器件驱动,工作频率为５０ＭＨｚ的单模光纤声光移频器．在单模光纤模式理论和声表面波理论的基础上,探讨了二者的相互作用及实现调制的机理．对该器件进行的测试结果表明,利用单模光纤作为调制信号载体,从而实现移频是可行的     

石油机械大尺寸零件精密测量装置研究

研究了一种可用于工业现场进行大尺寸零件精密测量的装置。该装置以有高稳定性和强抗干扰能力(室外时频率稳定性可达10^-7)的双纵模热稳频He—Ne 激光器为光源,其拍频频率约为790MHz ,拍频波长λ约380mm,拍频波长为测量基准;以拍频波节点为对准标志, 最邻近节点到被测点的尾数间距x₁,x₂用组合于同一光路中的分系统激光干涉仪测量,分辨率为0.08μm的方法来进行大尺寸L的测量 。测试表明,此装置具有很好的环境适应性和同类仪器中最高的频差稳定度。整个测量系统可在0～20m 范围内工作,测量不确定度优于±30μm/ 10m 。对石油机械大尺寸零件测量的环境性和高精度性研究具有重要意义。