氨在活性炭-膨胀石墨混合吸附剂上的吸附平衡分析

为研制氨吸附制冷用活性炭-膨胀石墨的混合吸附剂,选用椰壳活性炭和可膨胀石墨,初步分析了氨在膨胀石墨添加比率为50%的混合吸附剂上的吸附平衡．吸附剂试样首先经由77 K液氮在其上吸附数据的结构表征,然后应用根据容积法原理建立的吸附平衡测试装置,在温度293.15~303.15 K、压力0~1 MPa,测试了氨在试样上的吸附平衡数据,并通过等量吸附线标绘和Dubinin-Astakhov方程的模型分析,研究了氨在混合吸附剂上的吸附平衡．结果表明,添加膨胀石墨减小了混合吸附剂的比表面积和微孔容积,Dubinin-Astakhov方程在平衡压力较高区域的预测精度可达到4%,氨在混合吸附剂上的等量吸附热为16.94～27.78 kJ/mol．添加膨胀石墨必须兼顾混合吸附剂的吸附容量和传热传质性能．     

壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附性能

先以天然鳞片石墨为原料,硝酸与磷酸为插层剂,高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备膨胀石墨,再与壳聚糖按一定的配比制备壳聚糖/膨胀石墨复合吸附剂;利用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）对壳聚糖/膨胀石墨进行表征;以壳聚糖/膨胀石墨为吸附剂,对刚果红废水进行吸附,考察壳聚糖/膨胀石墨的配比、吸附剂用量、刚果红质量浓度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响. 实验结果表明：壳聚糖已与膨胀石墨成功结合;当m（膨胀石墨）∶m（壳聚糖）= 3∶1、吸附剂用量为1.75 g/L、刚果红质量浓度为250 mg/L、在室温下吸附40 min时,吸附效果最好;吸附过程更符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程;实验数据与Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合度更好,壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附过程为单分子层吸附.     

壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附性能

先以天然鳞片石墨为原料，硝酸与磷酸为插层剂，高锰酸钾为氧化剂制备膨胀石墨，再与壳聚糖按一定的配比制备壳聚糖/膨胀石墨复合吸附剂；利用Fourier变换红外光谱（FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）对壳聚糖/膨胀石墨进行表征；以壳聚糖/膨胀石墨为吸附剂，对刚果红废水进行吸附，考察壳聚糖/膨胀石墨的配比、吸附剂用量、刚果红质量浓度、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响. 实验结果表明：壳聚糖已与膨胀石墨成功结合；当m（膨胀石墨）∶m（壳聚糖）= 3∶1、吸附剂用量为1.75 g/L、刚果红质量浓度为250 mg/L、在室温下吸附40 min时，吸附效果最好；吸附过程更符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程；实验数据与Langmuir等温吸附模型拟合度更好，壳聚糖/膨胀石墨对刚果红的吸附过程为单分子层吸附.     

A study on multifunction heat pipe type high efficient adsorption refrigerator using compound adsorbent-ammonia

Adsorption refrigeration systems have the advan- tages of environment benign, zero ozone depletion po- tential (ODP) as well as zero global warming potential (GWP) due to the use of natural refrigerants such as ammonia, water, methanol, etc. Adsorption re…     

改性木屑吸附除油性能研究

为提高吸油量、降低吸水量、减少溶出,对天然木屑进行了改性,得到了一种新的除油吸附剂。对该吸附剂的吸油、吸水及溶出性能进行了测定,并实验获得了除油最佳条件。结果表明与天然木屑相比,改性后的吸附剂吸油效果提升显著,在相同油浓度下的吸油量提高了100%以上,吸水量降低了20%~30%,溶出量降低了95.5%,吸附剂的溶出基本不对处理水产生影响;该吸附剂处理高浓度和低浓度含油污水的最佳投加量分别为5g/L和1g/L;粒径对改性木屑吸水吸油性能基本无影响,改性木屑对油的吸附选择性系数达到300~6000,有利于油的吸附。     

改性生物炭对镉离子吸附性能研究

以废弃松木屑为原料采用热分解法制备生物炭,并以氨气、硝酸、硫化钠和溴水4种化学试剂分别对其进行表面改性。采用BET、FTIR和Bohem滴定等技术对改性前后的生物炭进行表征,研究溶液pH值、初始溶液Cd2+浓度、吸附时间等因素对Cd2+吸附特性的影响,并探讨改性生物炭的吸附机理。结果表明,改性生物炭具有较大的比表面积、发达的孔结构和多种表面官能团;在一定范围内,随溶液pH值的增大、Cd2+浓度的升高、吸附时间的延长,改性生物炭对Cd2+的去除率逐渐提高,其中氨气改性生物炭对Cd2+的吸附效果最优,在溶液pH值为6、初始溶液Cd2+浓度为50mg/L、生物炭加入量为2g/L、吸附时间为6h时,氨气改性生物炭对Cd2+的吸附容量可达12.3mg/g;拟二级动力学方程和等温吸附模型均能较好地描述改性生物炭对Cd2+的吸附过程,其中氨气改性生物炭的Langmuir与Freundlich吸附常数最大。     

含金属元素的常温CO2固体吸附剂研究进展

当今世界环境保护已经成为大家关注的重点问题。随着大量化石燃料的燃烧,过量的CO₂被排放到大气中,在工业生产中如何降低CO₂的排放量成为了众多研究者所探索的对象。利用固体吸附剂对CO₂进行吸附,在众多的减排方式中被认为是一种无腐蚀、无污染、易于操作且吸附性能更高的方式。对含金属元素固体吸附剂的分类、改性方式、吸附原理、吸附效率等不同方面进行了综述,重点介绍了在常温下对CO₂有较高吸附性能的几种改性材料,同时对含金属元素固体吸附剂吸附CO₂的研究方向和前景作出展望。     

膨胀石墨对染料溶液和油类的吸附效果

研究膨胀石墨对染料溶液和油类的吸附效果,并与活性炭的吸附效果进行对比,探讨膨胀石墨的吸附机理.结果表明：膨胀石墨（180 mL/g）吸附染料溶液的平衡吸附量比活性炭大,吸附速度比活性炭快,它对亚甲基蓝的吸附速度是活性炭吸附速度的7.5倍;膨胀石墨对食用油、机油、柴油的吸油率分别为30.52％、17.37％和9.20％,活性炭对三种油品的吸油率分别为0.62％、0.45％和0.10％,膨胀石墨吸附食用油的吸油率是活性炭的49倍.研究证明,膨胀石墨是一种良好的吸附剂.     

膨胀石墨负载二氧化钛改善亲水性的研究

以可膨胀石墨为原材料制备了表面负载有纳米级二氧化钛颗粒的载钛膨胀石墨,并对其微观形貌、接触角、孔径分布、孔容积、吸附能力进行了分析和表征。优化了膨胀石墨负载二氧化钛工艺,在负载温度50 ℃、钛柱撑液体积分数10%、反应时间6 h时,制备的载钛膨胀石墨亲水性最优。二氧化钛的引入使膨胀石墨接触角由93.0°降低至69.6°左右,亲水性能提高,增强了对水体中溶解或悬浮的微量苯系物的吸附能力。     

膨胀石墨对汽油吸附特性研究

以膨胀石墨和活性炭为吸附剂,汽油为吸附质,设计吸油实验,让吸附质通过装有吸附剂的吸附管柱,测定膨胀石墨的吸附性能及其再生处理方法对吸附性能的影响.实验结果表明:吸附重量比与石墨目数的关系是膨胀石墨的石墨目数越大,对油的吸附性能越强;吸附量与汽油辛烷值之间的关系是辛烷值越小,其吸油量越大;膨胀石墨再生处理方法中,真空抽滤法是一种经济、安全、有效的再生方法,可以用于油的回收及膨胀石墨的再生利用;膨胀石墨的吸油量比活性炭的吸附量高13倍左右.     

天然气吸附用活性炭-膨胀石墨复合吸附剂试制

为减弱天然气吸附（ANG）存储过程中的热效应,采取提高吸附剂热导率的技术路线,通过采用正交试验设计法,研制活性炭和膨胀石墨复合吸附剂,并由储罐吸附床典型部位在充放气过程的温度变化,校验复合材料的有效性。结果表明,活性炭比表面积为2074 m2/g时,选择活性炭与膨胀石墨质量混合比例1∶1、膨胀石墨制备时间30 s、制备温度600 ℃、成型压力9 MPa时制备复合吸附剂的热导率最大。设计容积为1385 mL的扁平形储罐,在充放气速率为15 L/min,最大充气压力为3.5 MPa条件下,吸附床填充复合吸附剂时,储罐中心温度波动将减少约12 ℃,应用活性炭-膨胀石墨复合吸附剂能减弱吸附热效应。     

Hydrogen Adsorption on Metal-Organic Framework MOF-177

This review summarizes the recent literature on the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption properties of meal-organic framework MOF-177. MOF-177 is a porous crystalline material that consists of Zn4O tetrahedrons connected with benzene tribenzoate (BTB) ligands. It is an ideal adsorbent with an exceptionally high specific surface area (BET4500 m2/g), a uniform micropore size distribution with a median pore diameter of 12.7 ?, a large pore volume (2.65 cm3/g), and very promising adsorption properties for hydrogen storage and other gas separation and purification applications. A hydrogen adsorption amount of 19.6 wt.% on MOF-177 at 77 K and 100 bar was observed, and a CO2 uptake of 35 mmol/g on MOF-177 was measured at 45 bar and an ambient temperature. Other hydrogen properties (kinetics and heat of adsorption) along with adsorption of other gases including CO2, CO, CH4, and N2O on MOF-177 were also be discussed. It was observed in experiments that MOF-177 adsorbent tends to degrade or decompose when it is exposed to moisture. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the structure of MOF-177 remains intact at temperatures below 330℃ under a flow of oxygen, but decomposes to zinc oxide at 420℃.     

尿素辅助模板法合成介孔氮掺杂CeO2及其CO2捕获应用研究

以硝酸铈为前驱物,以尿素为助剂,采用一种简单的模板法合成了介孔氮掺杂CeO₂材料.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、吸附-脱附仪(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等设备对合成材料进行表征.多种测试结果证明:试验得到的纳米材料具有均一的介孔结构和较高的比表面积(124.8 m²·g^-1)并掺杂了氮元素.同时,测定了介孔CeO₂材料对于CO₂的吸附性能,并研究了氮掺杂对CeO₂材料的CO₂吸附性能的影响.结果表明:相比未掺杂氮的介孔CeO₂,氮掺杂的介孔CeO₂具有更好的CO₂吸附性能和循环吸附脱附性能.     

锂吸附剂失活机理及再生工艺研究

对工业装置中的吸附剂中毒机理进行了分析,并对中毒后吸附性能的再生开展了研究。通过X射线能谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等表征手段分析了吸附剂中毒机理,发现传质孔道被含镁沉积物堵塞是吸附剂中毒的主要原因,导致传质面积降低,进而影响吸附容量。在此基础上,研究了多种吸附剂的再生工艺,并对铵盐再生工艺进行了优化。结果表明:当铵盐处理液质量浓度为0.6 g·L^-1、恢复时间为97.6 h时,能满足工业生产的处理要求。     

氯化钙/膨胀石墨混合吸附剂导热性能测试

为改善吸附剂的导热特性,制备了一种新型的混合吸附剂,并通过平行热线法对7种不同的吸附剂样品,包括颗粒状氯化钙、粉末状氯化钙、散状氯化钙/膨胀石墨混合吸附剂以及固化氯化钙/膨胀石墨混合吸附剂等,进行了导热系数测量.实验结果表明:由氯化钙/膨胀石墨组成的散状混合吸附剂,其导热系数比纯粉末状氯化钙提高了22.5%;固化氯化钙与膨胀石墨混合吸附剂比纯粉末状氯化钙吸附剂导热系数提高了23倍以上.     

Cathodic behavior of molten CaCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>-CaO and CaCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>-NaCl-CaO

The cathodic behavior of molten CaCl₂, CaCl₂-CaO and equimolar CaCl₂-NaCl-CaO was studied by cyclic voltammograms and constant potential polarization at temperatures of 1123 to 1173 K on molybdenum and titanium electrodes. The diffusion coefficient of Ca²⁺ (CaO) in molten CaCl₂-CaO was calculated from the linear relationship between the square root of scan rate and the peak current density. The deposition potentials and the potential temperature coefficient of CaO in molten CaCl₂-0.5mol%CaO and CaCl₂-NaCl-0.5mol%CaO were also obtained from their cyclic voltammograms. The result shows that CaO is more easily reduced than CaCl₂. The addition of NaCl in molten CaCl₂-CaO induces the underpotential electrodeposition of CaO.     

The comparison of Cu（ll） adsorption capability of baker＇s yeast,nano-titania and their composite adsorbent

The anatase nano-TiO2 powder, with crystal size between 40 and 80 nm, was prepared by the liquid phase hydrolysis of TiCI4. At the same time, the nano-TiO2 was utilized with the baker＇s yeast biomass as a composite adsorbent to adsorb the Cu ions in the artificial aqueous solution. The investigation showed that the composite adsorbent had a fine adsorption efficiency. The TiO2 in the composite adsorbent could cooperate well with baker＇s yeast to improve the adsorbing capability of Cu^2＋ under the following experimental conditions as well： a quantity of composite adsorbent of 5 g·L^-1, pH≥4.0, an adsorption time of 40 min and an initial concentration of Cu ions of 10 mg·L^-1. In addition, the results of measurements, obtained with a scanning electron microscope, an infrared spectrophotometer and a Zeta potential analyzer, revealed that the baker＇s yeast and nano-TiO2 produced the composite adsorbent through coordination and hydrogen bonds in particular, etc. The stability of the composite adsorbent and the amount of titania loaded were largely dependent on the concentration of hydrogen ion in the solution.     

石墨双向吸附特性的研究

使用高压匀浆泵制备出具有同时吸附长链正构烷烃和稠环芳烃能力的石墨吸附剂。借助于气相色谱、紫外光谱对吸附剂吸附能力进行了探讨,推导出等温吸附平衡方程,计算了等温吸附的平衡常数K(1400～40250)和标准自由焓变(-17～-26kJ/mol),证明了石墨吸附剂具有双向吸附能力。对影响石墨吸附的因素:吸附时间、温度、固液比、粒度及分散度进行了研究,认为石墨的粒度及分散度是影响石墨吸附的主要因素。     

膨胀石墨吸附二苯胺-4-磺酸钠的动力学及热力学

以二苯胺-4-磺酸钠(DPASA)为吸附质,研究了其在膨胀石墨(EG)上的吸附动力学及热力学行为;针对DPASA的初始质量浓度,温度,pH值,离子强度以及EG的膨胀容积(EV)对吸附性能的影响进行了讨论.吸附动力学研究表明此过程可用准二级模型描述;在测试DPASA质量浓度及温度下,吸附过程活化能为1～10 kJ/mol.吸附热力学研究显示DPASA在EG上的吸附属于Ⅱ型;平衡吸附量随DPASA初始质量浓度、溶液离子强度和EG的EV的增加而增大;温度和pH值对吸附性能没有显著影响;物理吸附是吸附过程中的主导因素.     

Nanometer properties of oceanic polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich crusts

An ammonia leaching process was utilized to extract Co, Ni and Cu from oceanic polymetallic nodules, whereas an acid leaching process was utilized to extract Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Mn from cobalt-rich crusts. Both processes produced nanometer materials—ammonia leaching residue and acid leaching residue. A systematic study was conducted on the phase, composition and physicochemistry properties of these residues. The result shows that both residues contain a large amount of nanometer minerals. Ammonia l eaching residue mainly consists of rhodochrosite, with the average grain diameter of 17.9 nm; whereas the acid leaching residue mainly consists of well-developed bassanite, with the average grain deameter of 9.5 nm. The bassanite also has a microporous structure, the volume of the pore space is 1.23 × 10⁻² mL/g. Both the ammonia and acid leaching residues have a large specific surface area, and they display a strong adsorption capacity to saturate sodium chloride vapour, N₂ and SO₂. Both residues have high contents of rare earth elements, and most of these elements exist in the state of ionic adsorption. The content of σ FeO is high. The P₂O₅ enrichment is observable in acid leaching residues. The unique composition and nanometer solid properties of the leaching residues displayed their potential value and promised a bright future for their application in the field of environmental protection and materials.