中国北方季风气候与内陆气候过渡地带全新世环境演变

在根据洪积扇形态和内陆湖水面变化恢复全新世以来降水量的基础上，确定了全新世及近百年来夏季风西北限的位置，并以此范围作为中国北方季风气候与内陆气候过渡地带，按照该地带中季风尾间闾的波动，内陆湖水量平衡特点及与中亚冰川物质平衡的对比进行综合分析，认为这一过渡地带的东西向迁移与全世以来全球性环境变化相对应，是中国北方环境变化的直接原因和基本内容；该地带环境以多变、易变、多灾、易灾为特点，是一个环境脆弱带。     

Late Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Okinawa Trough inferred from a diatom record

We analyzed sediment diatoms from core MD05-2908 to infer climate and paleoenvironmental changes in the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) over the past 1000 years.Because the study area is located in the East Asia monsoon area and beneath the main axis of Kuroshio Current,the climatic and hydrographical conditions are strongly influenced by both of these factors.The species used as environmental indicators,including the Kuroshio Current species (KC species) and freshwater species,were investigated in this paper.Changes in the abundance of the two groups of species revealed significant variations in water temperature and hydrography in the SOT during the Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA).From 950-1500 AD,the abundance of the KC species increased fluctuantly,while the freshwater species decreased,showing that the influence of the Kuroshio Current was intensified at that interval and the precipitation of the study area was relatively low.The KC species decreased remarkably and was maintained at a low abundance during the interval of 1500-1900 AD,which suggests that the impact of the Kuroshio Current on the SOT weakened during the period corresponding to the LIA.Moreover,the high abundance of the freshwater species at the same interval indicates a distinct increase in precipitation in northeastern Taiwan,which may be correlated to the south-detention of the rainfall belt in China caused by the southward migration of the western Pacific subtropical high.     

Mineral magnetism of quaternary red earth in Eastern China and Its paleoenvironmental significance

Mineral magnetic measurements have been made on Quaternary Red Earth profiles from Zhejiang Province, Eastern China. Three distinctive magnetic stratigraphic horizons have been identified on the basis of magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, saturation isothermal remanent magnetization and magnetization parameters measurements. Magnetic measurements revealed that there were great variations in ferrimagnetic mineral concentration, mineralogy assemblages and grain size in Quaternary Red Earth profiles, suggesting that these variations reflect pedogenic processes fluctuation and environmental changes. The preliminary results indicate that mineral magnetic measurement of Quaternary Red Earth is useful for studying the Quaternary environmental changes recorded in paleosols.     

长江水下三角洲YD0901孔记录的全新世以来的古环境信息

分析长江水下三角洲YD 0901孔的粒度、TOC(总有机碳)和TN(总氮),建立全新世以来高分辨率年代地层图(平均分辨率为20a).结果显示,"中全新世大暖期"(距今7ka～6ka)水下三角洲加速营造,同时闽浙泥质区开始缓慢形成.TOC和TN测试数据表明:在距今2.7ka左右,YD0901孔的TN含量逐渐增加,说明流域人类活动逐渐加剧;而TOC由于部分的成岩作用,含量并未明显增加.通过沉积相分析,得到最大海侵面的深度,为准确估算冰后期最大海侵以来水下三角洲沉积总量提供了可靠依据.     

Variation of soil Δδ13C values in Xifeng loess-paleosol sequence and its paleoenvironmental implication

The carbon isotopic compositions of soil organic matter （SOM） and total carbonate （TC） in Xifeng Ioess-paleosol sequence have been studied. The δ^13CsoM values vary from -23.8‰ to -20.2‰, which are higher in interglacial than in glacial stages. Contrary to δ^13Csoi values, the δ^13CTc values vary from -8.5‰ to -3.6‰ and are lower in interglacial than in glacial stages. The differences （△δ^13C） between the δ^13CsoM and δ^13CTc values vary from 14.1‰ to 19.4‰. Our results from the Xifeng loesspaleosol sequence indicate that the △δ^13C values represent the ratio of primary carbonate （PC） to secondary carbonate （SC）. The △δ^13C values were high in the loess stages, and the maximal PC-to-SC ratio can reach 6：4. But in the paleosol stages, the △δ^13C values were low, with a small proportion of PC. The △δ^13C values in Ioess-paleosol sequence also indicate the contributions of the dust to the loess sediment in the Chinese Loess Plateau because the dust contains the PC.     

基于非饱和土理论的膨胀土边坡稳定性分析

应用非饱和土土力学的基本原理,在将膨胀土边坡抗剪强度考虑为分布变化场的情况下,对一实际膨胀土边坡进行了稳定性分析。从中找出滑面圆心位置与安全系数k的分布规律,验证了膨胀土边坡破坏的浅层性,进而总结出破坏规律,给出所分析边坡的合理坡率。     

粉煤灰土的动剪强度试验研究

通过对路基填料粉质中液限粘土和粉煤灰土的动力循环荷载试验,分析了粉质中液限粘土和粉煤灰土1:2的动力特性,并进行了比较,得出了动剪强度与循环荷载次数间的变化规律,动模量与动应变的关系表达式,粉煤灰土1:2动剪强度好于粉质中液限粘土,可以作为路基填料。     

泥炭腐殖酸钠在混合沙土上的应用效果

在混合风沙土中添加泥炭、无机化肥后,分别加入不同比例的液体泥炭腐殖酸钠,通过盆栽试验,考察风沙土上白菜的生长高度和生物量(鲜重和干重).结果表明,与含10%泥炭(质量比)、施入无机化肥尿素和生物质保水剂作为底肥的对照比较,液体腐殖酸类物质的施入浓度不同,白菜的生长状况有区别,其中在0.03%的施入条件下白菜的生长高度和生物量最好,施入0.01%的次之;最差的是0.05%,不如未加液体肥的对照.     

The climatic variations and development of yellow soil in Beibei since the Holocene epoch

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凹凸棒石修复镉污染的土壤

受到镉污染的农作物会危害人类的健康。农作物的镉污染是土壤中的镉迁移造成的。通过等温吸附试验和盆栽试验，研究了凹凸棒石对Cd^2 的吸附及对镉污染土壤上玉米生长的影响。试验表明，凹凸棒石对Cd^2 有很好的吸附作用，在镉污染土壤中添加少量的凹凸棒石可使玉米的镉中毒程度降低，促进玉米生长。因此，可利用凹凸棒石进行镉污染土壤的原位修复，达到治理土壤污染的目的。     

改性土壤对苯系物的吸附行为研究

以阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基铵离子（HDTMA）和四甲基铵离子（TMA）对土壤进行修饰,制得改性土壤,探讨了改性土壤对苯系物的适宜吸附条件,研究了它们对水中苯系物的吸附作用及相互影响行为及对苯系物的吸附性能及机理。结果表明：HDTMA改性土壤可有效地吸附水中的污染物,吸附系数是原土的几十倍,对苯系物的吸附等温线呈近似线性,其机理为分配作用,被吸附物相对分子质量越大吸附愈大;TMA改性土壤对水中苯系物的吸附效果较前者差,但仍比原土壤好,对苯系物的吸附等温线呈非线性,主要以表面吸附为主。     

中国寒区粗粒土力学研究现状与进展

在寒冷地区,粗粒土是路基、土石坝等工程主要填料,也在高寒山区斜坡上广泛分布.寒区高铁路基冬季冻胀病害和高海拔斜坡春季滑塌灾害等的防治与评价,均与冻融作用下粗粒土的力学特性密切相关.在查阅大量中外文献的基础上,从本构关系、物理特性、力学性质和界面问题等方面对寒区粗粒土力学理论的研究现状进行综述.通过引入不同新理论建立了考...     

Hydrologic and climatic implications of a multi－disciplinary study of the mid to late Holocene Lake Eastern Juyanze

A mid to late Holocene exposure in a recently desiccated lake basin in western Inner Mongolia was inves-tigated with regard to palaeoenvir onmental changes and theoverall climatic conditions in NW China between 2.7 and 5.4 cal. ka BP. High lake levels of Lake Eastern Juyanze were recorded by ostracod assemblages, shell geochemistry and sedimentology between 5.1 and 4.1 cal. ka BP. Relatively bumid conditions and a relatively strong influence of the Asian monsoon are indicated by palynological data for the corresponding period. Lake levels decreased afterwards and short-term regressive events occurred at about 4.1, 3.8 and 3.4 cal. ka BP. The overall trend towards lower lake levels culminated in repeated episodes of desiccation of Lake East-ern Juyanze between 3.2 and 2.9 cal. ka BP, in phase with very arid conditions inferred from the palynological record.Individual regressive events as well as the rapid environ-mental fluctuations of Lake Eastern Juyanze at about 3.0 cal.ka BP were regarded as driven by mid to late Holocene summer monsoon fluctuations, supported by the Dunde ice core record.     

抗耐土壤稳定剂加固细粒土的微观结构分析

为了更好地评价AC101抗耐土壤稳定剂的加固作用,首先对其产品性能和作用机理进行了分析,然后选取山东省济宁地区的细粒土应用AC101进行加固,同时用水泥、石灰两种常规的稳定材料也对其进行加固,再利用TS5136XM型钨灯丝扫描电子显微镜,采集三种固化剂及加固前后土体试样的微观结构照片。通过观测比较,探讨了抗耐土壤稳定剂加固细粒土的作用机理。结果表明,AC101抗耐稳定剂对于快速加固细粒土具有一定的作用。     

Distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon of alpine meadow in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

A study on the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the alpine meadow in the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been carried out. The results indicate that the content of soil organic carbon (C _SOC) in the topsoil of terrace meadow (TM) ((67.16 ± 1.02) g·kg⁻¹) is more than that in the soil of upland meadow (UM) ((63.42 ± 0.65) g·kg⁻¹), while the C _SOC in upland shrubland (US) ((67.49 ± 0.83) g·kg⁻¹) is the most abundant in the scoreh stage (September). From May to September, the C _SOC in the topsoil of UM and US tends to descend, but that of TM tends to ascend. As for the distribution of the C _SOC and the density of SOC in the soil in the three sample areas, the data show that the deeper the soil, the lesser the content and density of SOC. The C _SOC in US is higher than that in TM and UM; the C _SOC in UM is the lowest at 0–10 cm soil depth. The density of SOC in US is always the lowest among UM, TM, and US at 0–40 cm depth, which shows that the storage of carbon in UM is more than that in US in the same range; the carbon pool capacity in UM is higher than that in US in the same range. Biography: ZHANG Wei (1979–), male, Lecturer, research direction: ecology of environment.     

海泡石修复重金属Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染的土壤

为研究海泡石对重金属Pb、Zn、Cd复合污染土壤的修复效果,通过盆栽实验,分析了海泡石对植物生物量,植物体内重金属浓度、P浓度以及土壤中重金属形态的影响。结果表明：重金属污染土壤中添加海泡石可显著促进玉米的生长及玉米对P的吸收,抑制土壤对重金属Pb、Zn、Cd的吸收。海泡石可显著降低土壤可交换态重金属浓度,增加碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化态、有机物结合态和残渣态重金属浓度,从而抑制植株对重金属的吸收,有效阻隔重金属在土壤-植物系统内的迁移。该物质具有较大的比表面积和较强的吸附能力,对重金属离子的吸附属于表面络合吸附和离子交换吸附,对重金属复合污染土壤具有较好的修复效果。     

宁夏长城塬全新世黄土土壤剖面微量元素动态与成壤变化

通过野外考察,在泾河上游的宁夏长城塬面发现完整典型的全新世黄土土壤剖面.在详细观察分析的基础上,进行了土壤地层划分和系统采样.利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定分析了V、Co、Ga、As、Y、Nb、La、Ce、Th、U等10种微量元素的含量,揭示了宁夏长城塬全新世黄土土壤剖面微量元素含量变化与成壤变化之间的关系,结果表明:微量元素V、Ga、As、Y、Nb在古土壤(S0)中富集,微量元素Th和U在过渡层中淋溶,而V和As在过渡层中富集.     

矩阵的迹在解题中的应用

根据矩阵迹的定义,首先给出了矩阵迹的性质,然后依据方阵的F—范数定义Cauchy—Schwarz不等式,给出了零矩阵,不相似矩阵,数幂矩阵,列矩阵,幂等矩阵及矩阵不等式的证法。对矩阵的迹在解题中进行了应用。