维生素B_(12)的毛细管电泳——化学发光检测研究(英文)

基于维生素B_(12)(VB_(12))对鲁米诺-双氧水体系良好的化学发光(CL)催化活性,研究确立了一种新型毛细管电泳—化学发光(CE-CL)检测方法,用于这一重要营养物质的准确CL分析.预处理阶段,连二亚硫酸钠(Na_2S_2O_4)被确定为将VB_(12)(Co(III))转化成VB_(12)(Co(II))的适当还原剂,以使VB_(12)在luminol-H_2O_2发光体系中获得良好的催化信号.这一过程产生的CL干扰组分,则通过毛细管电泳(CE)加以分离除去.实验中,VB_(12)可被温和还原并由催化所得CL信号精确测定.采用实验室自行组建的CE-CL检测装置,该测试过程可在20 min内完成;检测下限(LOD)2×10^(-7)mol/L(S/N=3),线性范围6×10(-7)mol/L(S/N=3),线性范围6×10^(-7)～6×10(-7)～6×10^(-4) mol/L(r(-4) mol/L(r²=0.968),相对标准偏差(RSD)2.4%(n=9).对药品中VB_(12)含量进行加标回收实验,回收率97%～106%.相较于已有关于VB_(12)的CL分析研究,本文首次考察了预还原处理中产生的干扰组分及其分离过程,以便捷操作获得更为可靠的检测数据.     

基于铁酸钴纳米颗粒-鲁米诺-H2O2化学发光体系的单宁酸超灵敏检测

利用铁酸钴纳米颗粒(CoFe₂O₄NPs)催化鲁米诺-H₂O₂的化学发光,结合单宁酸会抑制CoFe₂O₄NPs的催化活性这一性质,首次建立一种简单、快速且超灵敏的单宁酸检测方法。在最佳实验条件下,CoFe₂O₄NPs-鲁米诺-H₂O₂体系对单宁酸的检测线性范围为5.0×10^-9～5.0×10^-7 mol/L,检测限为2.5×10^-10 mol/L。对比其他检测方法,该检测限极低,而且该检测体系选择性良好,有望将该方法运用于食品及水样中单宁酸的检测。     

Ce0.25Zr0.75O2固溶体的制备及其电化学合成氨催化性能

通过共沉淀法合成了四方相Ce_0.25Zr_0.75O₂固溶体,采用X射线粉末衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了固溶体的结构,并以氮气和水为原料,在室温、0.1 mol/L Na₂SO₄电解质中研究了固溶体的电化学催化合成氨性能。结果表明,Ce_0.25Zr_0.75O₂表现出了优异的电化学氮还原催化性能,在-0.6 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）时法拉第效率最高,达到64%,此时氨合成速率为7.3×10^-11 mol/（s·cm²）;在-0.7 V（vs.Ag/AgCl）时,氨合成速率最高,为1.03×10^-10 mol/（s·cm²）,此时法拉第效率为42.2%。这可能与Ce_0.25Zr_0.75O₂固溶体的四方相结构、晶格结构的变化及形成的高度缺陷的结构有关;另外,Ce_0.25Zr_0.75O₂还能有效抑制析氢副反应进行,从而提高其法拉第效率。     

锆掺杂TiO2负载锰铈氧化物低温催化还原NOx

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂、ZrO₂和不同比例TiO₂-ZrO₂等载体,超声波浸渍负载一定量的Ce-Mn活性组分.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱和比表面积（BET）法对催化剂进行表征,并考察催化剂的氨气低温催化还原NO_x的活性.结果表明,TiO₂-ZrO₂（3:1,摩尔比）载体为介孔材料,颗粒粒径较小且高度分散,比表面积高达151 m²·g^-1由于Zr⁴⁺取代Ti⁴⁺掺杂进入TiO₂晶格内,导致其晶格畸变,抑制TiO₂晶型转变,获得了良好的热稳定性,加之活性组分以无定形态存在,催化剂表面存在Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺氧化还原电对,从而提高催化剂的低温催化还原活性.在550℃下焙烧的催化剂10%Ce（0.4）-Mn/TiO₂-ZrO₂（3:1）的活性最高,其在140℃、体积空速67000 h^-1的条件下,NO_x的转化率达到99.28%.140℃时单独通入体积分数为10%的H₂O以及同时通入体积分数为10%H₂O和2×10^-4SO₂,催化剂显示出较强的抗H₂O和SO₂中毒能力.     

纳米金/硫堇/科琴黑修饰玻碳电极同时检测抗坏血酸和尿酸

笔者制备了纳米金（AuNPs）/硫堇（Thi）/科琴黑（KB）修饰玻碳电极,研究了抗坏血酸（AA）和尿酸（UA）在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,并用于AA和UA的定量分析检测.结果表明,该修饰电极可以有效地催化AA和UA电化学氧化,两者氧化峰电位差达300 mV.在优化的实验条件下,AA氧化峰电流与浓度在5×10^-3～1×10^-5 mol·L^-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.995,检出限为1.30×10^-6 mol·L^-1;UA氧化峰电流与浓度在1×10^-3～2×10^-6 mol·L^-1范围内呈线性关系,相关系数r=0.993,检出限为6.32×10^-7 mol·L^-1.该传感器具有线性范围宽、灵敏度高、抗干扰性强和同时检测等优点.     

京广地区大气过氧化物浓度测定及影响因素分析

利用高效液相色谱测定了北京和广州地区大气过氧化物浓度,并分析了相关因素对过氧化物浓度变化的影响。北京地区在5月、6月和9月3个监测时段中H₂O₂的平均浓度分别为2.33×10^-9、0.338×10^-9和0.148×10^-9;广州11月H₂O₂的平均浓度为0.168×10^-9(V_H2O2/V_air)。植物排放对有机过氧化物的生成有一定贡献,有机过氧化物浓度变化与H₂O₂浓度变化具有较好的一致性。过氧化物浓度与O₃和甲醛浓度表现出较好的正相关性,而与SO₂浓度则表现出负相关性。     

正硅酸锂表面氢同位素交换反应的密度泛函研究

以TLi₃SiO₄为产氚正硅酸锂,利用Gaussian03程序,在6-311++G（d,p）基组水平,采用B3LYP方法研究了H₂与TLi₃SiO₄的氢同位素交换行为.结果表明,H₂与TLi₃SiO₄的氧发生作用形成吸附复合物,吸附复合物内形成四员环过渡态,从而实现同位素交换,交换反应活化能为239.8001 kJ/mol.同位素交换反应热力学研究表明,573.15K～1273.15 K温度范围内,H₂（g）+TLi₃SiO₄（s）→HT（g）+TLi₃SiO₄（s）反应的函变与与温度T的关系为:△H^θ=6.555-0.002T+3×10^-8T²、△S^θ=6.409-0.005T+1×10^-6T²、△G^θ=5.508-0.005T+1×10^-6T²,p（HT）/p（H₂）与温度T的关系为:p（HT）/p（H₂）=-0.141+0.001T-5×10^-7T²,温度提升有利于氚的释放,但在300℃即有大量氚释放.     

SOFCs阴极材料La0.6Sr0.4Co1-x Fex O3-δ溶胶凝胶自燃烧法的制备

以分析纯La（NO₃）₃·6H₂为O、Sr（NO₃）₂、Co（NO₃）₂·6H₂O和Fe（NO₃）₁·9H₂O为原料,采用溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法制备了不同组成的La_0.6Sr_0.4Co_1-xFe_xO_3-δ（LSCF）超细粉体。采用X线衍射（XRD）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对合成超细粉体的结构和形貌进行测定和表征。结果表明:溶胶凝胶-自燃烧法可一步合成粒径为30～70 nm的LSCF超细粉体,且随着Fe³⁺含量的增加,衍射峰值向低角度方向略有偏移。对超细粉体的烧结性能、热膨胀性能及电性能进行测试,结果表明:该粉体在1 100℃下烧结2 h,其相对密度达到97%。热膨胀系数随x(Fe³⁺含量)增加而增大,由x=0.1时的8.42×10^-6K^-1增大至x=0.5时的9.56×10^-6K^-1。直流四端子法电导测试表明:电导率随温度的升高（200～800℃）出现极大值,最大值可达950 S/cm,在500～700℃范围内,电导率均在200 S/cm以上,能够很好地满足中低温固体氧化物燃料电池对阴极材料的要求。     

石墨烯-铁氰化镍的制备及对H2O2电催化性能研究

首先采用一步化学法合成了铁氰化镍纳米微粒,将该产物和热还原石墨烯超声分散后制备出性能稳定的石墨烯-铁氰化镍复合物,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜及傅里叶红外技术对石墨烯和石墨烯-铁氰化镍复合物进行了形貌和结构性能表征。采用电化学技术考察了石墨烯-铁氰化镍复合材料对过氧化氢(H₂O₂)的电催化性能。实验结果表明该电极材料对过氧化氢表现出优异的电催化活性。另外在1×10^-4～8×10^-4 mol·L^-1范围内,峰电流与H₂O₂浓度呈良好的线性关系。该复合电极材料有望用作灵敏检测过氧化氢的传感平台。     

分光光度法测定硝普钠注射液中硝普钠的含量

在碱性条件下, 在含有苯酚和盐酸羟胺的溶液中加入硝普钠, 有蓝色物质生成, 该物质在波长690 nm处有最大吸收. 由此建立了测定硝普钠注射液中硝普钠含量的新的分光 光度分析法. 该方法线性范围1.0×10^-5～8.0×10^-5 mol/L, 标 准溶液测定的相对标准偏差为0.57％（n=6）, 实际样品测定的回收率＞95%, 与标准方法 对照分析的相对误差为-1.2%～0.91% , 40倍的Cl^-, SO^2-₄ , HCO^－_３, Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺不干扰 测定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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