基于针孔成像模型的炉膛辐射成像快速算法

提出了一种结合蒙特卡罗方法的在针孔成像模型下炉膛网格单元对ＣＣＤ各像素辐射能份客的快速计算方法，相对蒙特卡罗方法，快速算法提高运算速度５０倍以上，同时还可以直接考虑景深对成像的影响，通过二维条件下的比较计算，证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于拟蒙特卡罗法的电力系统抗震可靠性研究

针对电力系统抗震可靠性评估中蒙特卡罗方法误差收敛相对较慢的特点,将以低偏差序列抽样的拟蒙特卡罗方法应用于可靠性评估中,并结合了在求解传递闭包中能够减少计算量的三角形算法,建立了结合低偏差序列抽样与三角形算法的抗震可靠性计算模型.基于川北地区110 k V发电站与变电站的可靠性分析,分别进行了三种算法下的标准蒙特卡罗方法模拟和Sobol序列拟蒙特卡罗方法模拟.模拟结果表明:在电力系统抗震可靠性求解中,与伪随机数序列相比,Sobol序列的解算结果具有更高的收敛速度.当抽样次数为5 000次时,拟蒙特卡罗(QMC)方法的计算结果为0.6689,误差不超过0.1%,而蒙特卡罗(MC)方法的计算结果为0.6659,误差为0.389%;在相同抽样次数下,三角型算法相对于其他算法具有更高的运算效率,将三角形算法与拟蒙特卡罗方法结合既提高了精确度又提高了运算速度.     

两因子期权定价模型的条件蒙特卡罗加速方法

对一类随机波动率模型下的欧式期权定价问题,首先推导出条件蒙特卡罗方法的计算框架,然后基于鞅表示定理构造了一类有效的控制变量.数值实验结果表明:结合鞅控制变量的条件蒙特卡罗方法有效地减小蒙特卡罗模拟误差,对模型参数的依赖性小.     

三维任意几何光子成像系统的散射修正及图像重建方法

在客体材料密度重建过程中考虑散射光子的影响,研究了在重建过程中通过迭代扣除散射贡献进行散射修正的重建方法.针对三维任意几何结构问题,利用AutoCAD的二次开发功能实现几何前处理,开发了用于散射量计算的快速光子输运计算程序及基于三维任意几何结构的迭代法图像重建程序(IPOR).通过与蒙特卡罗程序MCNP进行数值比较,可知文中采用的散射修正方法在达到与蒙特卡罗方法相当精度的同时,其计算效率可提高2个数量级.重建计算结果表明,IPOR的重建精度远高于未进行散射修正的直接求解法的重建精度.     

随机利率下条件蒙特卡罗综合加速方法及应用

主要研究CIR(cox-ingersoll-ross)随机利率模型下欧式期权定价的蒙特卡罗加速模拟问题,提出了一种新的控制变量,基于此变量结合条件蒙特卡罗方法可对普通蒙特卡罗方法有显著加速效果.理论及数值计算表明,该方法能有效地提高计算效率.同时,提出了基于条件蒙特卡罗方法求解Greeks的算法,与经典的蒙特卡罗方法比较,能更精确、稳定地求解Greeks的值.所提出的方法同样适用于一篮子期权、离散取样亚式期权等高维期权.     

基于Geant 4对填充液闪毛细管阵列成像研究

基于蒙特卡罗方法的模拟程序Geant 4，分析了填充液闪毛细管阵列长度、子管截面形状、阵列层数等关键参数，给出了针对实验室X光源的毛细管阵列最优化设计；还分析了不同射线入射方向、有无吸光体对毛细管阵列成像的影响；开展了X射线对铝片透射成像的模拟实验，结果表明毛细管阵列能应用于微米量级X射线透射成像.      

氮化铝分子及氯化锂分子结合能的量子蒙特卡罗研究

通过量子蒙特卡罗方法(QMC)利用不同的密度泛函轨道对氮化铝分子及氯化锂分子的结合能进行研究.采用扩散蒙特卡罗方法(DMC)得到氮化铝分子的结合能为2.993 eV,氯化锂分子的结合能为6.694 eV.与其他理论计算相比较,更接近实验得到氮化铝和氯化锂分子的结合能(2.862±0.391 eV和6.646 eV).同时,利用密度泛函理论对氮化铝分子及氯化锂分子的结合能进行研究时发现,利用密度泛函理论计算得到的结合能范围跨度很大且非常不准确.另外,在利用量子蒙特卡罗方法的计算中发现,不同类型的密度泛函轨道对结合能的计算产生一定的影响,这就需要在利用量子蒙特卡罗方法进行计算时考虑轨道的选择.     

基于误差椭圆理论与蒙特卡罗方法的圆直径测量不确定度评定

利用三坐标测量机(CMM)测量圆几何特征的功能,建立了基于误差椭圆理论与蒙特卡罗方法的测量不确定度评定模型.以误差椭圆表征采样点的不确定度,结合蒙特卡罗方法仿真所得较少的测量样本数据快速得到了最小二乘拟合条件下的圆直径测量的不确定度.同时,与实验测量和文献公式计算的结果进行对比,验证了其有效性.结果表明,所建立的模型能够准确评定圆直径测量的不确定度.     

光学CT成像算法的研究

阐述光学CT成像算法的研究,在算法的研究过程中,着重讨论了光学CT正向问题的蒙特卡罗法、逆向问题的扰动方法和规则化方法以及这些方法在图像重建算法的可行性.最后给出所选模型的计算机处理结果.     

基于机器学习的界面多相催化效应动力学蒙特卡罗模化

高焓气动环境表面多相催化效应对高超声速飞行器气动热有显著影响,对该效应多尺度特征的表征建模是飞行器热防护系统轻量化、低冗余设计的重要前提.采用动力学蒙特卡罗方法,建立了可用于宏观流场计算的界面多相催化介观模型,并通过径向基函数神经网络算法,训练形成了基于机器学习的吸附演化动力学精确解析的界面多相催化代理模型,实现了催化复合系数的快速精准预测.研究表明,基于机器学习的界面催化代理模型获得的复合系数预测值与动力学蒙特卡罗方法相一致,同时计算时间大幅缩短至常规宏观方法耗时.通过与宏观非平衡流场求解器耦合,所建立的界面催化模型可快速获得多尺度界面多相催化效应下的表面气动加热热流.基于机器学习方法对微细尺度的计算结果进行模化并用于宏观计算,在解析界面多相反应演化动力学的同时,提升了计算效率,为工程适用的飞行器复杂高温效应跨尺度建模提供了理论依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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