基于针孔成像模型的炉膛辐射成像快速算法

提出了一种结合蒙特卡罗方法的在针孔成像模型下炉膛网格单元对ＣＣＤ各像素辐射能份客的快速计算方法，相对蒙特卡罗方法，快速算法提高运算速度５０倍以上，同时还可以直接考虑景深对成像的影响，通过二维条件下的比较计算，证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于拟蒙特卡罗法的电力系统抗震可靠性研究

针对电力系统抗震可靠性评估中蒙特卡罗方法误差收敛相对较慢的特点,将以低偏差序列抽样的拟蒙特卡罗方法应用于可靠性评估中,并结合了在求解传递闭包中能够减少计算量的三角形算法,建立了结合低偏差序列抽样与三角形算法的抗震可靠性计算模型.基于川北地区110 k V发电站与变电站的可靠性分析,分别进行了三种算法下的标准蒙特卡罗方法模拟和Sobol序列拟蒙特卡罗方法模拟.模拟结果表明:在电力系统抗震可靠性求解中,与伪随机数序列相比,Sobol序列的解算结果具有更高的收敛速度.当抽样次数为5 000次时,拟蒙特卡罗(QMC)方法的计算结果为0.6689,误差不超过0.1%,而蒙特卡罗(MC)方法的计算结果为0.6659,误差为0.389%;在相同抽样次数下,三角型算法相对于其他算法具有更高的运算效率,将三角形算法与拟蒙特卡罗方法结合既提高了精确度又提高了运算速度.     

两因子期权定价模型的条件蒙特卡罗加速方法

对一类随机波动率模型下的欧式期权定价问题,首先推导出条件蒙特卡罗方法的计算框架,然后基于鞅表示定理构造了一类有效的控制变量.数值实验结果表明:结合鞅控制变量的条件蒙特卡罗方法有效地减小蒙特卡罗模拟误差,对模型参数的依赖性小.     

三维任意几何光子成像系统的散射修正及图像重建方法

在客体材料密度重建过程中考虑散射光子的影响,研究了在重建过程中通过迭代扣除散射贡献进行散射修正的重建方法.针对三维任意几何结构问题,利用AutoCAD的二次开发功能实现几何前处理,开发了用于散射量计算的快速光子输运计算程序及基于三维任意几何结构的迭代法图像重建程序(IPOR).通过与蒙特卡罗程序MCNP进行数值比较,可知文中采用的散射修正方法在达到与蒙特卡罗方法相当精度的同时,其计算效率可提高2个数量级.重建计算结果表明,IPOR的重建精度远高于未进行散射修正的直接求解法的重建精度.     

随机利率下条件蒙特卡罗综合加速方法及应用

主要研究CIR(cox-ingersoll-ross)随机利率模型下欧式期权定价的蒙特卡罗加速模拟问题,提出了一种新的控制变量,基于此变量结合条件蒙特卡罗方法可对普通蒙特卡罗方法有显著加速效果.理论及数值计算表明,该方法能有效地提高计算效率.同时,提出了基于条件蒙特卡罗方法求解Greeks的算法,与经典的蒙特卡罗方法比较,能更精确、稳定地求解Greeks的值.所提出的方法同样适用于一篮子期权、离散取样亚式期权等高维期权.     

基于Geant 4对填充液闪毛细管阵列成像研究

基于蒙特卡罗方法的模拟程序Geant 4，分析了填充液闪毛细管阵列长度、子管截面形状、阵列层数等关键参数，给出了针对实验室X光源的毛细管阵列最优化设计；还分析了不同射线入射方向、有无吸光体对毛细管阵列成像的影响；开展了X射线对铝片透射成像的模拟实验，结果表明毛细管阵列能应用于微米量级X射线透射成像.      

氮化铝分子及氯化锂分子结合能的量子蒙特卡罗研究

通过量子蒙特卡罗方法(QMC)利用不同的密度泛函轨道对氮化铝分子及氯化锂分子的结合能进行研究.采用扩散蒙特卡罗方法(DMC)得到氮化铝分子的结合能为2.993 eV,氯化锂分子的结合能为6.694 eV.与其他理论计算相比较,更接近实验得到氮化铝和氯化锂分子的结合能(2.862±0.391 eV和6.646 eV).同时,利用密度泛函理论对氮化铝分子及氯化锂分子的结合能进行研究时发现,利用密度泛函理论计算得到的结合能范围跨度很大且非常不准确.另外,在利用量子蒙特卡罗方法的计算中发现,不同类型的密度泛函轨道对结合能的计算产生一定的影响,这就需要在利用量子蒙特卡罗方法进行计算时考虑轨道的选择.     

基于误差椭圆理论与蒙特卡罗方法的圆直径测量不确定度评定

利用三坐标测量机(CMM)测量圆几何特征的功能,建立了基于误差椭圆理论与蒙特卡罗方法的测量不确定度评定模型.以误差椭圆表征采样点的不确定度,结合蒙特卡罗方法仿真所得较少的测量样本数据快速得到了最小二乘拟合条件下的圆直径测量的不确定度.同时,与实验测量和文献公式计算的结果进行对比,验证了其有效性.结果表明,所建立的模型能够准确评定圆直径测量的不确定度.     

光学CT成像算法的研究

阐述光学CT成像算法的研究,在算法的研究过程中,着重讨论了光学CT正向问题的蒙特卡罗法、逆向问题的扰动方法和规则化方法以及这些方法在图像重建算法的可行性.最后给出所选模型的计算机处理结果.     

机械强度可靠性灵敏度分析的拟蒙特卡罗法

虽然蒙特卡罗方法具有程序结构简单,计算效率与问题维数无关的优点,但工程结构的失效概率往往很小,要获得精确的结果就需要大量样本,因而计算效率低.针对这一问题,采用Halton序列代替伪随机数并结合重要抽样方法,提出计算可靠性灵敏度的拟蒙特卡罗法.该方法与传统蒙特卡罗法相比显著减少了样本,提高了计算效率,并且误差是确定的.以齿轮为研究对象,通过对接触疲劳可靠性及可靠性灵敏度进行分析,证实了该方法在计算效率上的优势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-