Template-imprinted nanostructured surfaces for protein recognition

Synthetic materials capable of selectively recognizing proteins are important in separations, biosensors and the development of biomedical materials. The technique of molecular imprinting creates specific recognition sites in polymers by using template molecules. Molecular recognition is attributed to binding sites that complement molecules in size, shape and chemical functionality. But attempts to imprint proteins have met with only limited success. Here we report a method for imprinting surfaces with protein-recognition sites. We use radio-frequency glow-discharge plasma deposition to form polymeric thin films around proteins coated with disaccharide molecules. The disaccharides become covalently attached to the polymer film, creating polysaccharide-like cavities that exhibit highly selective recognition for a variety of template proteins, including albumin, immunoglobulin G, lysozyme, ribonuclease and streptavidin. Direct imaging of template recognition is achieved by patterning a surface at the micrometre scale with imprinted regions.     

加权合成的嵌入式隐Markov模型人脸识别

嵌入式隐Markov模型能提取人脸的二维主要特征并对姿态和环境的变化具有较好鲁棒性,讨论了嵌入式隐Markov模型的进一步改进及其实现,首先分析了形成观察向量的采样窗大小和其二维DCT系数项数的不同对人脸识别结果的影响,然后确定最优的采样窗大小和其二维DCT系数项数,鉴于不同角度的照片包含信息量的不同,提出了一种加权合成的模型参数重估算法,重估模型参数时,首先计算每幅脸像相对应的模型参数,然后进行加权合并,权值由迭代公式求得,训练结束后用一个合成 的模型来表示一个对象。采用基于该方法的原型系统对ORL人脸库进行测试,识别正确率达到了99.5%。     

同义密码子用语与蛋白质二级结构信息

对人体117个蛋白质和大肠杆菌的185个蛋白质的各二级结构相对应的mRNA序列中的同义密码子与氨基酸上下文关联熵、蛋白质序列中氨基酸与氨基酸上下文关联熵作了统计分析,发现密码子关联确实比氨基酸关联对蛋白质二级结构提供的信息量大,而且人蛋白质中同义密码子提供的二级结构信息比大肠杆菌中多．同时,证明了在相对信息剩余大于等于30％的情况下,Adzhubei给出的九种氨基酸中的八种其同义密码子在某些二级结构中明显的携带结构信息;此外A,N,D,R,H,C,Y这几种氨基酸的同义密码子在某些二级结构中也明显地携带结构信息．     

基于假设检验的SAR图像机场跑道自动识别

针对复杂条件下合成孔径雷达图像中机场目标自动检测识别问题,提出了一种基于假设检验的机场跑道自动识别算法,利用雷达图像中跑道灰度特性和结构知识,通过迭代分割和形态学滤波提取感兴趣区域,抑制具有类似灰度特性的水域对跑道线检测的影响,并结合Hough变换和线段跟踪连接提取候选跑道,最后采用假设检验方法对机场跑道进行识别.试验结果表明该方法可快速有效地检测识别复杂背景下低分辨率、低信噪比合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像中的机场跑道.     

The synthesis of a fluorescent chemosensor containing two thiourea groups and its recognition behavior for dicarboxylate anions

A novel anion receptor 2 bearing anthracene flurophore and thiourea was synthesized and identified by ^1H NMR,MS,IR and elemental analysis. The interaction between receptor 2 and various α,ω-dicarboxylate anions was studied by fluorescence spectrum. The obtained fluorescence data indicate that 1：1 stoichiometry complex is formed between receptor 2 with diferent dicarboxylate anions through a hydrogen-bonging interaction. The selectivity of 2 for recognition of different dicarboxylates deponds on chain length of the anionic species.     

Visualization of release factor 3 on the ribosome during termination of protein synthesis

Termination of protein synthesis by the ribosome requires two release factor (RF) classes. The class II RF3 is a GTPase that removes class I RFs (RF1 or RF2) from the ribosome after release of the nascent polypeptide. RF3 in the GDP state binds to the ribosomal class I RF complex, followed by an exchange of GDP for GTP and release of the class I RF. As GTP hydrolysis triggers release of RF3 (ref. 4), we trapped RF3 on Escherichia coli ribosomes using a nonhydrolysable GTP analogue. Here we show by cryo-electron microscopy that the complex can adopt two different conformational states. In 'state 1', RF3 is pre-bound to the ribosome, whereas in 'state 2' RF3 contacts the ribosome GTPase centre. The transfer RNA molecule translocates from the peptidyl site in state 1 to the exit site in state 2. This translocation is associated with a large conformational rearrangement of the ribosome. Because state 1 seems able to accommodate simultaneously both RF3 and RF2, whose position is known from previous studies, we can infer the release mechanism of class I RFs.     

Requirement of a 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein for leukotriene synthesis

Leukotrienes, the biologically active metabolites of arachidonic acid, have been implicated in a variety of inflammatory responses, including asthma, arthritis and psoriasis. Recently a compound, MK-886, has been described that blocks the synthesis of leukotrienes in intact activated leukocytes, but has little or no effect on enzymes involved in leukotriene synthesis, including 5-lipoxygenase, in cell-free systems. A membrane protein with a high affinity for MK-886 and possibly representing the cellular target for MK-886 has been isolated from rat and human leukocytes. Here, we report the isolation of a complementary DNA clone encoding the MK-886-binding protein. We also demonstrate that the expression of both the MK-886-binding protein and 5-lipoxygenase is necessary for leukotriene synthesis in intact cells. Because the MK-886-binding protein seems to play a part in activating this enzyme in cells, it is termed the five-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP).     

Domain-specific recruitment of amide amino acids for protein synthesis

The formation of aminoacyl-transfer RNA is a crucial step in ensuring the accuracy of protein synthesis. Despite the central importance of this process in all living organisms, it remains unknown how archaea and some bacteria synthesize Asn-tRNA and Gln-tRNA. These amide aminoacyl-tRNAs can be formed by the direct acylation of tRNA, catalysed by asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase and glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, respectively. A separate, indirect pathway involves the formation of mis-acylated Asp-tRNA(Asn) or Glu-tRNA(Gln), and the subsequent amidation of these amino acids while they are bound to tRNA, which is catalysed by amidotransferases. Here we show that all archaea possess an archaea-specific heterodimeric amidotransferase (encoded by gatD and gatE) for Gln-tRNA formation. However, Asn-tRNA synthesis in archaea is divergent: some archaea use asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase, whereas others use a heterotrimeric amidotransferase (encoded by the gatA, gatB and gatC genes). Because bacteria primarily use transamidation, and the eukaryal cytoplasm uses glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase, it appears that the three domains use different mechanisms for Gln-tRNA synthesis; as such, this is the only known step in protein synthesis where all three domains have diverged. Closer inspection of the two amidotransferases reveals that each of them recruited a metabolic enzyme to aid its function; this provides direct evidence for a relationship between amino-acid metabolism and protein biosynthesis.     

图像识别的一个综合网络模型及其应用

综合集成技术是为解决开放的复杂巨系统问题而提出的一种方法论，强调开放的系统观和人－机集成的重要性。提出一个多层的带有反馈信息的综合网络模型，在染色体图像识别中使用该模型，达到较好的识别效果。     

A new approach to protein fold recognition.

The prediction of protein tertiary structure from sequence using molecular energy calculations has not yet been successful; an alternative strategy of recognizing known motifs or folds in sequences looks more promising. We present here a new approach to fold recognition, whereby sequences are fitted directly onto the backbone coordinates of known protein structures. Our method for protein fold recognition involves automatic modelling of protein structures using a given sequence, and is based on the frameworks of known protein folds. The plausibility of each model, and hence the degree of compatibility between the sequence and the proposed structure, is evaluated by means of a set of empirical potentials derived from proteins of known structure. The novel aspect of our approach is that the matching of sequences to backbone coordinates is performed in full three-dimensional space, incorporating specific pair interactions explicitly.     

新型硼酸类荧光化合物的合成及对糖分子的识别性能

设计合成了具有苯并咪唑结构的芳硼酸类新型荧光化合物,并进行了结构表征;研究了新化合物的荧光性质;并分别探讨了此类化合物在50%甲醇水溶液中对D-葡萄糖、D-果糖、D-麦芽糖的作用,研究结果表明,合成的目的化合物与单糖和双糖都有较强的作用,使化合物的荧光发生特征性改变,特别是对果糖有很好的选择性识别,此类化合物可作为检测果糖的荧光传感器开展进一步研究.     

Structural basis for recognition of the tra mRNA precursor by the Sex-lethal protein

The Sex-lethal (Sxl) protein of Drosophila melanogaster regulates alternative splicing of the transformer (tra) messenger RNA precursor by binding to the tra polypyrimidine tract during the sex-determination process. The crystal structure has now been determined at 2.6 A resolution of the complex formed between two tandemly arranged RNA-binding domains of the Sxl protein and a 12-nucleotide, single-stranded RNA derived from the tra polypyrimidine tract. The two RNA-binding domains have their beta-sheet platforms facing each other to form a V-shaped cleft. The RNA is characteristically extended and bound in this cleft, where the UGUUUUUUU sequence is specifically recognized by the protein. This structure offers the first insight, to our knowledge, into how a protein binds specifically to a cognate RNA without any intramolecular base-pairing.     

入侵检测的规划识别模型研究

将AI领域中的规划概念引入入侵检测,建立了入侵检测的规划识别模型,采用因果告警关联分析和贝叶斯网推理模型实现规划识别,以找回因入侵检测自身的检测策略不足和网络覆盖范围漏洞而丢失的关键告警,重新构建了实际的攻击场景,并能预测攻击者的下一步行为或攻击意图,从而起到了提前预警的作用．     

基于核函数因素分解模型的表情合成与识别

人脸图像合成是新一代人机交互中的重要技术。传统的三维模型加生理模型的方法可以生成真实的人脸表情图像,但是其中的计算复杂度很高。该文提出了一种基于样本的方法,将不同的人和不同的表情看作影响人脸表情图像的两种变化因素,利用因素分解模型巧妙地进行人脸表情图像合成。同时,分析了因素分解模型获得的身份子空间和表情子空间的特点,提出了一种在子空间中利用余弦距离进行身份和表情识别的新思路。从实验结果来看,这里提出的方法可以仅利用一张训练集内、外的人脸图像合成出该人在不同表情下逼真的脸部表情图像,同时可以合成库内的人在新表情下的表情图像。