水杨酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管的合成机理及表征

采用化学氧化法制备水杨酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管,获得约15℃下制备聚苯胺纳米管的反应条件.表征产物的结构与性能,并讨论聚苯胺纳米管的形成机制.结果表明:当水杨酸与苯胺物质的量比为0.06时,合成了管长大于1μm,外径约150nm,内径约为30nm的圆型孔腔聚苯胺纳米管.随着水杨酸和苯胺物质的量比减少,产物由一维结构的纳米纤维和纳米管向二维结构的纳米片转变,这种转变可归因于反应体系中水杨酸与苯胺盐在水溶液中形成球型胶束的能力.该聚苯胺纳米管室温下电导率为8.66×10-2 S/cm,并显示出良好的电化学活性.     

导电聚苯胺纳米管的界面法合成

在室温下，采用界面自组装聚合法首次成功制备了磷酸掺杂的导电聚苯胺纳米管，利用TEM．FT—IR，UV—Vis及四探针等技术对其结构和导电性能进行了表征．结果表明：由该法合成的聚苯胺具有纳米管结构，内外管径分别为20nm和120nm。长度在3～4μm，长径比为30：1；在室温下，电导率约为0．35S／cm．通过控制苯胺单体的浓度、掺杂剂酸的浓度和聚合反应时间能够实现对聚苯胺纳米管管长和管径的控制．     

温度对化学氧化法合成盐酸掺杂聚苯胺的影响

研究了温度对化学氧化法合成HCl掺杂聚苯胺(PANI-HCl)结构与性能的影响,利用四探针电导率测量法、FTIR、Uv-Vis、 XRD等对产物进行表征.结果表明,反应温度升高,聚苯胺的结晶度随合成温度升高而提高,结晶性能变好,当反应温度40℃时,2θ＝21.04°处出现明显衍射峰.PANI-HCl的电导率在半导体范围,20℃时具有较高的电导率0.54 S/cm.     

负载LiCl的自组装聚苯胺纳米管的湿敏性质研究

采用自组装方法在酸性条件下合成了聚苯胺纳米管,并在聚苯胺纳米管上负载LiCl无机盐.用IR,XRD和SEM等测试手段对负载LiCl的聚苯胺纳米管的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明:负载LiCl使聚苯胺纳米管湿敏性能有了显著的提高;LiCl的负载量及采用不同溶剂进行负载对纳米管湿敏性能有较大影响.     

草酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管的合成与性质研究

以草酸为掺杂剂,以过硫酸胺为氧化剂,采用自组装的方法合成了聚苯胺纳米管,并利用SEM,TEM,IR,和XRD等测试手段对产物的结构和性能进行了表征．研究表明不同草酸和苯胺的摩尔比对产物的形貌有影响,合成的聚苯胺纳米结构具有一定的导电性．     

室温下合成导电聚苯胺/对苯二胺共聚物

作者在室温下采用一锅法,以盐酸为酸掺杂剂,以过硫酸钾为氧化剂,以十二烷基硫酸钠为乳化剂,合成了聚苯胺/对苯二胺共聚物.与聚苯胺相比,经过优化的共聚物的电导率提高了一个数量级,达到9.5285 s/cm.进一步对有机溶剂种类、表面活性剂种类及用量等因素的研究可知,有机溶剂对电导率的影响小,而适量的表面活性剂对共聚物电导率的提高起着促进作用.通过傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析手段对产物的结构和形貌进行表征可以看出,聚合度和聚合形貌是影响聚苯胺/对苯二胺共聚物电导率的重要因素.     

掺杂对甲基苯磺酸对聚苯胺导电性能的影响

以过硫酸铵((NH4)2S2O8)为氧化剂、对甲基苯磺酸(TSA)为掺杂剂并提供反应所需酸性条件,采用乳液聚合方法合成聚苯胺乳液,抽滤并真空干燥后产物成墨绿色粉末.采用正交实验方法探索了聚苯胺合成的最优条件,并对其各个影响因素对聚苯胺电导率的影响规律进行了逐一分析.发现聚苯胺的导电性能随着氧化剂浓度增大先增大后减小,随酸的浓度增大而增大.另外其电导率也受氧化剂与苯胺比例和酸与苯胺比例的影响,前者比例增加电导率先增加后减小,后者比例增加电导率先减小后增加.结果制备出电导率在1.00×10-2S/cm的掺杂聚苯胺.     

铁氰化钾化学氧化聚苯胺刺状微球及其导电性能

采用配位化合物铁氰化钾作为氧化剂,利用化学氧化法制备水溶性较好、比表面积较大的聚苯胺刺状微球.考察不同种类氧化剂、氧化剂与单体比例等因素对产物形貌、电导率及产率的影响.通过FT-IR、XRD、SEM等测试技术表征合成产物.结果表明:在室温条件下,铁氰化钾/苯胺的物质的量比为1.4∶1,电导率最高达0.25 S/cm.在...     

不同掺杂态聚苯胺的合成及其红外光谱的研究

以十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)和樟脑磺酸(CSA)作为掺杂剂,采用乳液聚合法和研磨法,合成了DBSA掺杂聚苯胺、CSA和DBSA共掺杂聚苯胺,探讨了合成条件对掺杂聚苯胺导电性能的影响,并研究了掺杂聚苯胺的红外光谱。DBSA掺杂聚苯胺、CSA和DBSA共掺杂聚苯胺的电导率分别为0.274 S/cm和1.210 S/cm。在DBSA掺杂聚苯胺中再掺杂CSA,可提高聚苯胺的电导率。     

聚苯胺纳米管材料的合成及性能应用研究

以绿色有机溶剂乙醇为反应介质,杂多酸(HPA)为掺杂剂,六水合氯化铁为引发剂和氧化剂,合成出HPA掺杂聚苯胺(HPA-PANI)纳米管材料.采用红外光谱、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、元素分析和扫描电镜(SEM)等方法对纳米管HPA-PANI进行了表征.同时还对HPA-PANI纳米管材料的导电性能和气敏性能进行了研究.结果表明:该材料是纳米管形貌的HPA-PANI;具有良好的导电性能和气敏性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that