直喷汽油机喷雾图像特征提取方法

为解决可视化燃油喷射图像采集系统的喷雾图像对比度低、 边界雾化不清晰的问题, 提出了一种基于均 衡化直方图自适应求取阈值的二值化和图像特征检测算法。 该算法根据对比度增强后的喷雾图像的直方图性 质, 自适应求取二值化阈值, 通过自动检测喷嘴位置、 喷雾图像最外侧切线以及喷雾最远点位置, 确定喷雾贯 穿距离和喷雾椎角, 然后通过计算得到喷雾图像这两个特征参数, 并对喷油全过程采集的 25 幅图像进行处理。 实验结果表明, 该方法能较清晰准确地提取喷雾图像轮廓, 喷雾贯穿距离和喷雾锥角两个特征参数的变化趋势 和理论值具有良好的一致性。     

开式通道内液氮喷雾的降温特性

为了研究液氮喷雾参数对环境模拟空间温度分布的影响,首先搭建了由液氮喷雾系统和低温测试系统构成的开式通道液氮喷雾冷却实验系统,利用CFD软件针对开式空气回路系统中实验段建立了三维液氮喷雾数值模型,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法进行液氮喷雾模拟研究,最后进行了实验验证,分析了喷雾质量流量、粒径、喷嘴数量和气流速度对液氮喷雾蒸发和空间温度分布的影响。研究结果表明:随着液氮喷雾液滴直径的减小,液氮与环境气流的换热面积增加,换热效率提高,降温效果改善;当液氮喷雾质量流量增加时,单位时间内喷入空间的液氮量越多,蒸发率越大,冷却效果越好,空间及出口截面的温降越大,但降温速率的增加趋缓;随着喷嘴数量的增加,液氮蒸发量和蒸发率增加,降温效果改善,出口截面温降增加,但出口截面温度分布均匀性会受到喷嘴布置位置的影响;当喷嘴数量增加到一定程度时,液氮的蒸发和降温几乎不受影响;随气流速度增大,液氮的蒸发量和蒸发率逐渐减小,出口截面的平均温度较高。为了增强液氮的蒸发量并强化空间的降温效果,可增加液氮喷雾流量、减小喷雾粒径和气流速度,以及适当增加喷嘴数量,同时需考虑多喷嘴的布置位置。     

喷雾重叠率对带钢冷却效果的影响

本文建立了双喷嘴气雾冷却系统的物理和数学模型,在固定单个喷嘴流量、压力、雾化角和喷嘴喷射距离的条件下,利用FLUENT软件对喷雾重叠率分别为0、25%、50%和75%时,雾化场中液滴分布、液滴速度以及带钢表面温度分布、带钢冷却速度进行仿真计算。数值模拟结果表明,当喷雾重叠率为25%时,雾化场内液滴的位置分布、带钢表面液滴的速度分布以及带钢表面的温度分布最为均匀,带钢冷却效果最佳;但与其他喷雾系统的特性参数相比,喷雾重叠率对带钢的冷却速度影响不大。     

矿井综采工作面风速对喷雾粒径影响规律试验

为研究矿井综采工作面喷雾除尘时,矿井风速对喷雾粒径的影响规律,利用模拟巷道喷雾降尘实验系统,在5个不同矿井风速影响下对4个喷雾压力、4个不同孔径喷嘴、5个不同轴线距离的喷雾粒径进行试验研究.利用Origin对试验数据进行曲线绘制,并将曲线进行了趋势分析与原因分析.结果表明:测点位置为0.68 m时,随矿井风速的增大,喷雾粒径呈增大趋势,并得出最小粒径99.25μm与最大粒径214.7μm的试验条件;不同喷雾压力和喷嘴孔径在矿井风速影响下程度不同,并将影响曲线进行对比和排序;测点轴线距离越远,喷雾粒径越小,即D_aD_bD_c D_d D_e;测点位置为0.38,0.68,0.95 m处的喷雾粒径随矿井风速的增大而增加,测点位置为1.28,1.58 m时,喷雾粒径在矿井风速0.25～0.65 m/s呈增大趋势,在0.65～1.05 m/s时呈减小趋势.试验研究结果为矿井喷雾除尘时,对于喷雾压力、喷嘴孔径、矿井通风风速的大小选择以及喷嘴布置的合理性提供参考.     

综采面自动定位智能喷雾降尘控制系统

分析综采面的特点和采煤工艺流程,根据其粉尘扩散运动规律及降尘要求,采用软件调试及模拟运行的方法,设计一套综采面自动定位智能喷雾降尘控制系统,以改善煤矿井下综采面的工作环境。系统通过红外线收发器自动采集采煤机位置信息,无线触控传感器自动采集移架和放煤位置信息,根据设置参数控制数道喷雾组件开启喷雾。现场运行试验表明,系统能够在综采面架间、移架作业、放煤作业时自动喷雾以及井下自动照明。     

静电喷雾理论及其测试技术的研究

本文阐述了在喷雾过程中静电的作用以及药液物理特性对效果的影响的理论研究中所取得的进展,并介绍了所建立的静电喷雾实验室及其研制的试验装备和较完善的数据处理系统。将全年的静电喷雾试验数据存入磁盘;经计算机分析,找到了对液体雾化和充电性能有较大影响的主要因素和次要条件。在安全性测定方面,运用了空气采样技术进行探索。最后,对新研制的手持式静电微量喷雾器作了简介。     

直喷汽油机喷油器喷雾特性检测系统的开发

喷雾特性是评判直喷式汽油机喷油器性能的重要指标,对其检测意义重大.但是目前国内仍缺乏对喷雾特性进行全面、精确检测的系统.本文根据国内外标准采用高速相机结合激光粒度分析仪共同测试直喷式喷油器喷雾特性的方案,开发了直喷汽油机喷油器喷雾特性检测系统.通过多次试验验证,该系统可更为全面、精确地检测直喷汽油机喷油器的喷雾特性.对于需要检测的各个参数:如喷油器开启时间、喷雾贯穿距离、喷雾角以及粒径分布等,较其他方法更为简便,准确.     

鉴相型位置自动检测系统抗干扰及温漂的研究

位置自动检测系统是能自动检测和自动显示加工过程的机电一体化产品,它的出现打破了传统加工的测量方式,提高了加工的质量和效率,为改造旧机床,装备新机床提供了强有力的技术支撑.目前位置自动检测系统分为鉴幅型和鉴相型,主要介绍鉴相型位置自动检测系统在实际的生产加工过程中存在的抗干扰问题,以及对此进行的研究和采取的改进措施.     

化学机械抛光传输机器人晶圆抓取自适应控制方法

针对化学机械抛光装备中晶圆位置变化时传输机器人无法有效进行抓取的问题,提出了一种化学机械抛光传输机器人晶圆抓取自适应控制方法.机械手在对化学机械抛光设备工位上晶圆进行抓取时,使用先进的红外传感器测量晶圆位置和偏差,并进行实时位置补偿,从而实现机械手对工位上晶圆抓取的自适应能力,提高了化学机械抛光装备效率和可靠性.仿真实验验证了系统的有效性.     

船用柴油机超高压共轨系统喷雾特性试验研究

利用自行设计的超高压共轨系统喷雾试验平台,开展了超高压共轨系统喷雾特性的试验研究.从油束形态、喷雾贯穿距以及喷雾锥角方面出发,系统定量地分析了喷油压力和喷油规律对船用柴油机喷雾特性的影响,为进一步改善船用柴油机性能提供了理论依据.结果表明:通过控制超高压共轨系统中电控增压器电磁阀和喷油器电磁阀的开启时间,可以实现变压力和变喷油速率喷射;随着喷油压力的升高,油束周围的破碎蒸发现象、喷雾贯穿距以及喷雾锥角均逐渐增大,但当喷油压力超过200 MPa后,其对喷雾贯穿距和喷雾锥角的影响越来越小;随着喷油规律由矩形变化到靴形,油束周围的破碎蒸发现象、喷雾贯穿距以及喷雾锥角均逐渐减小,且喷油压力为150 MPa的矩形喷油规律的喷雾贯穿距大于喷油压力为200 MPa的靴形喷油规律的喷雾贯穿距,这进一步表明了喷射初期的压力是决定喷雾贯穿距的最主要因素.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to