益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet)化感作用的初步研究

以生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)作为受体植物,对益母草(Leonurus heterophyllus)不同部位水浸提液的化感潜势进行了生物检测;在此基础上,采用水、乙醇、丙酮、甲醇和乙酸乙酯等5种溶剂分别浸提益母草茎叶,比较分析了不同浸提物化感作用的强度.结果表明:益母草根和茎叶的水浸提液都具有化感作用,在低浓度时表现出促进作用,其中根的促进效果更明显;在高浓度时则表现出抑制效应,其中茎叶浸提液在浓度为100mg/mL时抑制作用最大(p<0.01);益母草茎叶不同溶剂浸提液都表现出"低促高抑"的化感作用特征,但效果存在差异,水和乙酸乙酯浸提组分表现出较强的化感抑制作用,显示益母草可能同时含有亲水和亲脂化感物质.     

党参自毒作用研究

研究了党参地上和地下部分水浸液对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长以及生理指标变化的影响.结果显示:党参根系和茎叶水浸液处理对自身种子萌发和幼苗生长的抑制作用显著,处理浓度越高,抑制作用越强.其中根系水浸液的抑制作用强于茎叶水浸液.0.1 g FW.mL-1的根系水浸液完全抑制种子的萌发,显著抑制幼苗的生长.党参根系水浸液处理显著抑制幼苗硝酸还原酶活性和根系活力、抑制超氧化物歧化酶活性.同时增加了幼苗丙二醛含量、促进过氧化物酶活性.研究表明党参具有明显的自毒作用,自毒作用是导致党参连作障碍的主要原因之一.     

加拿大一枝黄花水浸提液对禾谷类作物的影响

研究了加拿大一枝黄花水浸提液对玉米、高粱、小麦3种作物种子和幼苗的影响.实验结果表明:高浓度的水浸提液对3种作物种子萌发和幼苗生长有明显的抑制作用,而低浓度则不明显;相同浓度,地上茎叶水浸提液的抑制作用要强于地下部分.实验还表明高浓度水浸提液显著抑制3种作物种子淀粉酶活力和幼苗根系活力.     

艾蒿水浸提液对冰草和披碱草种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感作用

为研究艾蒿对冰草和披碱草生长的化感作用,采用培养皿滤纸法,以蒸馏水作对照,研究3种不同梯度(50,100,200g/m2)的艾蒿茎、叶水浸提液对冰草和披碱草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:在种子萌发时期,艾蒿茎、叶水浸提液对冰草和披碱草的化感作用不明显,只有冰草的萌发指数受到艾蒿茎不同处理水浸提液的影响显著;在幼苗生长时期,艾蒿茎、叶水浸提液对冰草和披碱草幼苗芽长和根长的化感作用显著,其中冰草和披碱草的根长受到了艾蒿水浸提液的显著抑制,且抑制作用随水浸提液梯度升高而加强,另外发现冰草的干重随水浸提液梯度升高而增加,随水浸提液梯度降低而减少.这说明:艾蒿茎、叶对披碱草和冰草存在一定的化学抑制作用,有可能会通过雨水淋溶后抑制受体植物幼根的生长,从而来扩大自身种群而抑制其他植物的生长.因此,为了恢复和扩大天然草地优良牧草的比重,建议在天然草场中应尽量减少艾蒿凋落物量的积累.     

药用植物米槁土壤水浸提液对枫香幼苗的化感作用

以米槁Cinnamomum migao H W Li根际土壤与林间土壤水浸提液为供体,枫香Liquidambar formosana Hance幼苗为受体,从化感作用的角度出发,探究枫香幼苗形态特征、渗透物质、抗氧化系统及土壤酶活性的变化,对米槁和枫香的复合经营系统进行可行性分析.结果表明:除在林间土壤水浸提液处理下的枫香生理指标及在根际土壤水浸提液处理下的枫香土壤酶活性呈现轻微的抑制作用外,2种土壤水浸提液均能促进枫香幼苗的生长,根际土壤水浸提液对枫香幼苗化感作用的强度高于林间土壤水浸提液.在米槁根际土壤水浸提液处理下,可溶性蛋白、可溶性淀粉、游离脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量及土壤过氧化氢酶(S-CAT)活性显著上升,土壤多酚氧化酶(S-PPO)活性显著下降;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、土壤脲酶(S-UE)活性、土壤酸性磷酸酶(S-ACP)活性随水浸提液质量浓度的升高呈低促高抑现象.在米槁林间土壤水浸提液处理下,可溶性淀粉和MDA含量及S-UE、S-CAT和S-ACP活性呈总体上升,可溶性蛋白含量随质量浓度升高呈低促高抑现象.说明药用植物米槁与枫香之间存在化感作用,在米槁林下种植枫香有利于枫香的生长,为人工阔叶复合经营系统的建立提供可行性依据.     

臭椿根区土壤水浸提液对刺槐种子发芽的影响

以6年生臭椿根区土壤水浸提液处理刺槐的种子,测定臭椿根区土壤浸提液对刺槐种子发芽及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：臭椿根区土壤水浸提液对供试刺槐种子的萌发及幼苗生长都有显著的抑制作用,说明根区土壤有化感物质存在;不同浓度水浸提液抑制作用强度不同,其中根区土壤水浸提液质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL时抑制作用最大。水浸提液对发芽率、发芽指数的作用强度较小,对种子活力指数以及发芽后幼苗根伸长的抑制作用较大。     

川蔓藻水浸提液的克藻效应与机理

采用普通小球藻在不同浓度的川蔓藻水浸提液中纯培养的方法，研究了川蔓藻对普通小球藻的克藻效应与机理、结果显示，川蔓藻的水浸提液对普通小球藻的抑制作用显著并具有浓度效应、96h的抑制率与浸提液浓度的对数线性相关．半抑制浓度（IC50）为6．332g（dw）／L．川蔓藻的水浸提液使藻细胞内丙二醛的含量急剧增高，并显鲁改变了藻细胞外可溶性蛋白和多糖的比值、透射电镜观察显示，川蔓藻的水浸提液主要损伤藻细胞的膜系统,川蔓藻水浸提液对普通小球藻的抑制机理为：损坏藻细胞的膜系统和改变胞外聚合物的含量，从而增加小球藻表面的疏水性，最终藻细胞絮凝沉降死亡.     

入侵植物大狼把草对2种农作物的化感作用

运用水浸提法提取入侵植物大狼把草茎叶化感物质,通过对比试验研究了不同浓度的大狼把草茎叶水浸液对大麦和小麦种子萌发以及幼苗生长发育的影响.结果表明,大狼把草浸提液对大麦种子的萌发有显著抑制作用,对小麦种子萌发抑制作用不明显.除50g/L浸提液外,其余处理对大麦和小麦苗高和根长均有显著的抑制作用.浸提液对2种作物根的分化均有一定抑制性,其中,对小麦根的分化抑制作用较大.大狼把草浸提液对小麦及大麦化感作用的综合效应为抑制作用,对大麦的抑制力大于小麦.     

反枝苋营养器官水浸提液对紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响

采用纸培法研究反枝苋营养器官水浸提液对苜蓿种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以探明反枝苋对紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响.结果表明:反枝苋营养器官水浸提液在浓度0.001和0.002 g/mL时,紫花苜蓿种子发芽率和发芽势均有所提高,浓度≥0.020 g/mL时,发芽率和发芽势明显下降,浓度达到0.100 g/mL完全受到抑制,种子不能萌发.水浸提液浓度为0.001/mL和0.002/mL时,对苜蓿根、芽的生长有一定的促进作用,浓度≥0.020 g/mL时均表现为抑制作用.反枝苋根水浸提液对幼苗根生长的抑制作用明显大于芽,根/芽显著降低,茎水浸提液对根芽生长在浓度达到0.050 g/mL时表现出抑制作用,根/芽与对照差异不显著(P>0.05),叶水浸提液浓度≥0.020 g/mL时,对根、芽生长均表现为抑制作用(P<0.01),对胚芽生长的抑制作用大于胚根,根/芽比明显上升,与对照和低浓度差异极显著(P<0.01).     

乌拉尔甘草化感自毒活性的研究

本研究以乌拉尔甘草作为试验对象,探究其各器官(根、茎、叶和根状茎)是否存在化感自毒作用。利用乌拉尔甘草各器官不同浓度(0、0.025、0.1 g/mL)的水浸提液开展种子萌发试验,以模拟研究甘草根系分泌物及茎叶淋溶物对自身种子的化感自毒潜力,并将各器官粉末与土壤混合作为栽培基质开展盆栽试验,以评价甘草残茬和凋落物对幼苗生长的化感自毒效应。结果表明：所有器官的水浸提液均显著地降低了甘草种子的萌发指数,并表现出显著的浓度依赖效应,即水浸提液浓度越高,则对种子萌发指数的抑制效果越明显;茎、叶和根状茎高浓度水浸提液(0.1 g/mL)处理下的甘草种子最终萌发率显著低于对照组,与对照组相比分别降低11.1%、17.3%和11.1%;所有处理组的种子均存在延迟萌发现象,并且随着水浸提液浓度的提高,种子萌发的延迟效应愈加显著。在幼苗盆栽试验中,所有处理组均对乌拉尔甘草幼苗的生长具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中添加甘草根、茎和根状茎粉末的处理完全抑制了幼苗根状茎的发育。与对照组相比,添加根、茎、叶和根状茎粉末处理的幼苗地下器官甘草酸含量分别降低70.9%、21.5%、49.3%、62.5%,总黄酮含量分别...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the