对乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺合成工艺的改进

以苯胺为母体合成对乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺,在氯磺化反应中引入四氯化碳作溶剂。在反应后期加入氯化钠．用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比：n(乙酰苯胺)：n(氯磺酸)：n(氯化钠)=1．0：4．3：0．4．工艺改进后,氯磺化反应的收率由80．00％提高到了86．73％．物料稀释温度和氨解打浆温度由5℃提高到了13℃。节省了能源,方便了生产．     

碘催化合成1,2:5,6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料，碘作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇，考察了影响反应的因素，结果表明反应的最佳条件为：n（D-甘露醇）：n（丙酮）：n（碘）=1：25：0．002，反应温度为30℃-35℃，反应时间12h，产率可达79．4％。     

3，4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的一锅式合成

以藜芦醛和丙二酸二乙酯为主要原料,以L-脯氨酸／磷酸钾为催化剂,无水乙醇为溶剂,经水解、酸化和Knoevenagel缩合反应,一锅式合成了3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯。实验得到较佳反应条件：n（丙二酸二乙酯）：n（黎芦醛）=2．0：1．0,n（L-脯氨酸）：n（黎芦醛）=0．35：1．00,n（L-脯氨酸）：n（磷酸钾）=6：1,反应时间7h。在较佳条件下,3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸乙酯的收率达到77．4％,质量分数达97．0％。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成乳酸正丁酯

研究了在四丁基溴化铵（TBAB）催化下，采用微波辐射由乳酸钠和溴代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应合成乳酸正丁酯的方法．讨论了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、原料配比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应的影响．结果表明：当n（乳酸钠）：n（溴代正丁烷）：n（TBAB）=1：4：0．03时，采用280W微波辐射35min，乳酸正丁酯的产率可达91．7％．     

固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2催化合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯

以顺丁烯二酸酐和异辛醇为原料，用一种高活性的固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2催化剂催化合成了顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯，研究了酯化反应的优化条件。当n（异辛醇）：n（顺丁烯二酸酐）为2．8：1；催化剂用量为酐质量的1．0％时，反应时间120min，反应温度145℃，顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯的收率达到98．7％。同时对用H2SO4和对甲革磺酸催化该反应作了比较。     

间甲酚/木质素改性酚醛树脂竹胶板胶粘剂的研究

采用分次分步加料一锅煮合成法,以间甲酚和酸化的木质素磺酸钠来改性制取新的酚醛树脂胶粘剂．研究了酸化反应的时间,合成温度及投料比对胶粘剂性能的影响．结果表明：酸化反应2．5h,合成温度100℃,n（甲醛）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．75：1,n（问甲酚）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．10：1,n（木质素）：n（苯酚＋木质素）=0．30：1时含游离醛质量分数为0．10％,游离酚质量分数为0．25％,黏度0．38Pa·S,粘合强度2．0MPa,最后用红外光谱和紫外光谱对胶粘剂进行结构测试．     

酸性离子液体催化合成乙酸松油酯

制备了7种酸功能化离子液体,分别将其与氯乙酸组成复合催化体系用于催化α-蒎烯一步合成乙酸松油酯,筛选出一种催化效果较佳的离子液体[HS03-pmim]H2PO4,并用FT-IR、^1HNMR和^13CNMR对其进行了表征。考察影响反应的主要因素,确定了较佳的反应条件：n（α-蒎烯）：n（[HSO3-pmim]H2P04）：n（氯乙酸）：n（乙酸）=5：0．9：5：14,反应温度40℃,反应时间10h。在此条件下,α-蒎烯转化率为85．6％,乙酸松油酯质量分数为36．0％。该催化体系可重复使用,重复使用5次时,α-蒎烯转化率为83．5％,乙酸松油酯质量分数仍达33．7％。     

1-(4-苯氧基苯氧基)-2-丙醇的合成及分析

以4-苯氧基苯酚，环氧丙烷为原料合成1-（4-苯氧基苯氧基）-2-丙醇，考察了物料比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对其收率的影响，得到最佳工艺条件。规（4一苯氧基苯酚）：规（环氧丙烷）：规（氢氧化钾）=1：3．0：0．3，反应温度40℃，反应时间3．5h，1-（4-苯氧基苯氧基）-2-丙醇收率最高达93．7％。以液相色谱法，采用LiChrospher100 RP～18柱、甲醇＋水为流动相、紫外检测器、外标法对1-（4-苯氧基苯氧基）-2-丙醇进行了高效液相色谱分析研究。方法标准偏差0．20％，变异系数0．23％，回收率在99．57％～100．52％之间。     

有机锡催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇

以环已烷为溶剂和带水剂,有机锡为催化剂,催化合成环己酮缩乙二醇。考察了各种因素对反应的影响。实验确定了优化反应条件为：n（乙二醇）：n（环己酮）=1：1．2,催化剂用量为2．0％（以环己酮和乙二醇总质量计）,反应回流时间1．5h,反应温度80℃,其收率达85．43％．     

2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3′-氨基二苯甲酮与其烷基化物合成研究

以间苯二甲醚（1）与间硝基苯甲酰氯（2）为原料，经Friedel—Crafts反应得到2-羟基-4-甲氧基-3′-硝基二苯甲酮（3）．以CH2C12为溶剂，40℃，回流反应3h，n（AlCl3）：n（间苯二甲醚）：n（间硝基苯甲酰氯）=3：1．1：1时，产品的收率为71．8％．化合物3用5％Pd／C催化氢化得到对应的氨基物4，收率为90．2％．最后，用对甲基苯磺酸酯做烷基化试剂，又得到化合物4的单烷基化产物（91．4％）与双烷基化产物（88．9％）．利用IR、^1HNMR及MS等手段对合成的最终产物及一些关键中间体进行了结构表征，结果正确。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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