Evaluation on Gambiered Guangdong Silk's Ecological Properties

To evaluate gambiered Guangdong silk's ecology properties,the raw materials ecology,production ecology and use ecology are analyzed;and the safety to human is tested according to GB/T18885-2002.Gambiered Guangdong silk is a kind of natural product.All its raw materials are reproducible and degradable natural resources,and it can decompose completely when being discarded.It is comfortable to wear,and easy to clean and dry.It is mainly manufactured by dip-dyeing in dye yam solution,and insolating under the burning sun.The production energy is solar,a kind of clean and reproducible energy.The production process is clean and environmental friendly.There is neither the utilization of synthetic dyestuff and chemical auxiliary,nor the discharge of environment pollutant,and even the dreg of dye yam is used as fuel.The safety test results show that pH value of water extract,heavy metal content(except for Pb content),color fastness and odor meet the requirements of GB/T18885-2002 and Okeo-tex standard 100.     

Nanomaterials for renewable hydrogen production, storage and utilization

An ever growing demand for energy coupled with increasing pollution is forcing us to seek environmentally clean alternative energy resources to substitute fossil fuels. The rapid development of nanomaterials has opened up new avenues for the conversion and utilization of renewable energy. This article reviews nanostructured materials designed for selected applications in renewable energy conversion and utilization. The review is based on the authors’ research, with particular focus on solar hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and hydrogen utilization. The topics include photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting and photocatalytic hydrogen production, solid-state hydrogen storage, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It is expected that the rational design of nanomaterials could play an important role in achieving a renewable energy based economy in the coming decades.     

Homogeneous distributed natural pyrite-derived composite induced by modified graphite as high-performance lithium-ion batteries anode

Abstract:Natural minerals-based energy materials have attracted enormous attention because of the advantages of good materials consistency,high production, environmental friendliness, and low cost. The uniform distribution of grains can effectively inhibit the aggregation of active materials, improving lithium storage performance. In this work, natural graphite is modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain modified graphite with reduced size and better dispersion. Natural pyrite composite polyvi...     

Processing investigation and optimization for hybrid thermoplastic composites

A thermoplastic based composite material is suitable for automobile and aerospace applications. The recyclability of thermoplastic and clean processing further enhance its use. The only limitation encountered in using this material is its high-melt viscosity. Various techniques have been developed to overcome this problem. Commingled materials are one of such methods adopted for making proper use of thermoplastic. A major problem observed during the use of a commingled material is its de-commingling, wherein, the uniform distribution of fiber and thermoplastic yam gets disturbed and affects the final quality of the composite. The effects of the braiding process on laminate quality were investigated. Flat plaques were produced by braiding the commingled yam, using a 48-carrier braiding machine. The braids (and control woven samples) were subsequently heated and consolidated in a nonisothermal compression molding operation. Prior to the manufacture of the ‘best quality’ plaques, a series of moldings were produced under different consolidation conditions, to study the dependence of properties on the process variables. This enabled a processing window to be established for each material and helped to separate the respective effects of yam handling, textile processing, and consolidation on laminate properties.     

The U/Θ effect of electricity parameters of the lotus root silk in the liquor with different pH values

The silk of lotus root is a kind of natural biomaterial with the advantages of easy absorbing and dissolving and poisonless. It may become a new engineering material for clinic and tissue engineering. However, the relationship between its electricity parameters and the pH values of the liquor that the silk is dipped in is unknown presently. The electricity parameters of inductance, capacitance and impedance of the silk were measured in the environment with the temperature ranging from 23℃ to 25℃ and the humidity ranging from 45% to 55% when it was dipped in the liquor with different pH values for 24 h. The results show that the inductance and impedance vary in U shape curves with the liquor pH value, and the capacitance varies in Ω shape curve. The minimal value of the U curves and the maximal value of the Ω curve appear at the point where the pH value equals to 7. The phenomena are called the U/Ω effect. It means that the silk has perfect biocompatibility with human tissues. The study results may imply that the silk have broader potential applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering and bioelectronics.     

The U/Ω effect of electricity parameters of the lotus root silk in the liquor with different pH values

The silk of lotus root is a kind of natural biomaterial with the advantages of easy absorbing and dis-solving and poisonless. It may become a new engineering material for clinic and tissue engineering. However, the relationship between its electricity parameters and the pH values of the liquor that the silk is dipped in is unknown presently. The electricity parameters of inductance, capacitance and imped-ance of the silk were measured in the environment with the temperature ranging from 23℃ to 25℃ and the humidity ranging from 45% to 55% when it was dipped in the liquor with different pH values for 24 h. The results show that the inductance and impedance vary in U shape curves with the liquor pH value, and the capacitance varies in Ω shape curve. The minimal value of the U curves and the maximal value of the Ω curve appear at the point where the pH value equals to 7. The phenomena are called the U/Ω effect. It means that the silk has perfect biocompatibility with human tissues. The study results may imply that the silk have broader potential applications in biomedicine, tissue engineering and bioelec-tronics. silk of lotus root, biomedicine engineering material, U/Ω effect, pH value of liquor     

Develop hydroenergy resources and protect earth environment

Energy is a driving force behind the progress of human civilization. Mainly depend on the current human society of non-renewable fossil energy sources, such as coal and oil, its increasing demand. Gradually reduce the reserves, the contradiction between supply and demand becoming increasingly prominent. With the process of human history has moved forward with the depletion of fossil energy will eventually be unable to sustainable use. The total hydropower resources are limited, but it is renewable, clean energy, its energy is infinite. Therefore, the full use of limited water resources and slow down the depletion of fossil energy process, is to improve and protect the earth＇ s ecology and environment, one of the most realistic measures.     

Study of the Properties of Polyurethane-waste Rubber Granulate Composites

1 Results The production of rubber is very high and rises every year. Among other things it is directly connected with the growth of car production. Therefore, the processing of waste rubber and its management must be treated as a global problem. Used rubber may replace conventional fuel and, owing to its low price, can improve the economic effectiveness of combustion. Energy recovery by combustion of car tyres allows for rapid management of rubber waste. However, it is well-known that all kinds of waste including rubber tyre waste are better when modified and reused. The index of rubber consumption vs. virgin rubber consumption, depending on the country, is only 1%-10%[1-3]. One of the methods of rubber waste management is to break the rubber waste up and use the obtained granulate, fine rubber or rubber dust as a valuable raw material. The increase of application of products obtained from waste rubber granulate or fine rubber mixed with a small amount of an elastomer is observed. These products do not need additional vulcanization. This modification does not need much extra energy, work and materials. Moreover, such a proceeding does not limit the possibility of combustion of the modified waste in general. A thin layer covering rubber grain polymerises under suitable conditions giving stable composites. However, the possibility of using this kind of materials depends on their properties and stability.     

Molecular architecture and engineering of spider dragline silk protein

Spider dragline silk, which is produced in spider major ampullate gland, is a composite proteinacious fiber with highly repetitive Ala-Gly-rich domain. The unique combination of both high tensile strength and high elasticity makes spider dragline silk superior to almost any other natural or synthetic fibers. Cloning of the genes reveals that the silk is composed of at least two major proteins. Each protein component contains multiple repeats of modular structures that alternate between Ala-rich domains and Gly-rich domains. Molecular engineering not only opens a door to the production of spidroins but also provides a valuable experimental system to test and further establish the relationship between modular structures and mechanical properties. Here, based on our own studies, we review the latest progress of the modular structure and genetic engineering and outline the future prospects.     

Grading Standards of the Coefficient of Variation in the Electronic Raw Silk Size Testing

In order to shorten the difference between the raw silk size grading standards of the world and that of China, to quicken the step of the electronic raw silk testing process, the distribution of the coefficient of variation （CV50m%） of the raw silk size in the electronic testing and the development of the new standards are studied according to the sampling and grading theory. By the theoretical deduction and the simulating experiments, the distribution of the coefficient of variation of the raw silk size is given, and the grading scheme whose quality index is the coefficient of variation（CV50m%）of the raw silk size and the grading precisions of all grades are proposed. Moreover, the rightness and the feasibility of the grading scheme are testified by the sampling and grading simulation.     

Electronic structure of edge dislocation of core-doped Ti in Fe

The electronic structure of an edge dislocation doped Ti lying in the (001) plane with Burgers Vector along [100] direction in body-centered cubic iron is investigated using the first principles discrete variational method (DVM) based on the density-functional theory. The binding energy, impurity formation energy, interatomic energy, Mulliken orbital populations and charge density difference are presented in this paper. By calculating the binding energy of the clean dislocation system and the Ti-doped system, it is found that the binding energy of Ti-doped dislocation system is lower than that of the clean dislocation system, which implies that the Ti-doped dislocation system is more stable than the clean dislocation system. The calculated result of the impurity formation energy predicts the trapping effect of dislocation core for Ti, which shows that Ti atom prefers to occupy the place at the dislocation core. The calculated results of the interatomic energy and the difference charge density of dislocation doped Ti system indicate that the stronger bonding formed between the Ti impurity and its neighbor Fe atoms will affect the mechanical property of edge dislocation. Considering the influence of Ti on the electronic structure and the energies, we can predict that the trace Ti in transition metal Fe with dislocation defect can give a significant contribution to the solid solution hardening effects and will influence the mechanical property of materials.     

The Application of Tea Dyeing to Silk

Vegetable dyes are eco-friendly throughout the full production process. A study is conducted with the purpose of assessing the properties of dye extracted from green tea, black tea and the tea tree cultivated and used in Jiang Nan area of China. The extracted dyes are applied with and without mordants on silk fabric and the dyeing properties are evaluated.     

THREE SHRUBS WOOD PULPS PREPARED BY HYDROGEN PEROXIDE -ALKALINE(PA) COOKING

INTRODUCTIONIn the past few years, the variety of fibrous materials for papermaking has been changed obviously in China. Proportion of wood pulp including domestic and imported wood pulp increased from 19% in 2000 to 23% in 2001[1]. However, wood resource is inadequate. The proportion of domestic wood pulp production does not reach to seven percent and takes on a decreasing tend. The structure of raw materials should be adjusted through significantly increasing the proportion of wood pul…     

Preparation of composite adsorbent with high performance of heat and mass transfer

To develop a new composite adsorbent with high performance,fir sawdust and CaCl2are selected as raw materials.The mass transfer is enhanced by carbonizing and activating the sawdust and heat transfer is enhanced by adding expanded graphite into the adsorbent.The effect of the preparation temperature and the expanded graphite content on the adsorption performance is investigated.The results show that the new adsorbent exhibits a high adsorption performance due to its high porosity,uniform distribution and high content of CaCl2and high thermal conductivity.Also,the experimental results indicate that the rate of ammonia adsorption on the adsorbent depends on the expanded graphite content and the carbonization and activation temperature.The adsorbent prepared at 500°C and with the expanded graphite content of 30%has the best performance in terms of the adsorption refrigeration,which adsorbs ammonia as high as 0.37 g g 1at 10 min.     

Application of ICP-MS trace element analysis in study of ancient Chinese ceramics

Chemical analysis plays a significant role in the study of ancient ceramics[1,2]. Most ancient Chinese kilns used clays mined from the local areas and differences in the geochemistry and mineralogy of these raw materials may be expected. The chemical composition of ceramics may also be influenced by production techniques, such as processing by washing and mixing of different sorts of raw materials. These may also vary from kiln to kiln and even change over time. Thus the raw materials and pro…     

China’s bioenergy industry development roadmap

Positive development of renewable energy, saving and substitution of fossil energy, promotion of the energy structure adjustment are the inevitable strategy choices of China＇ s sustainable development. This paper discussed the China＇ s bioenergy resources status, development targets and technology development roadmaps. China has 136. 140 million hm^2 of marginal land, which distribute mainly in western and northern regions. There are 1 billion t of crop residues and forestry waste annually, and 300 million t can be used to produce different kinds of bioenergies. And organic waste and manure can generate 50 billion m3 of biogas. The discussed development target indicated that it can construct a biomass oilfield with the capacity of 100 million t/year and reduce 200 million t of CO2 emission by 2020. The bioenergy technology development roadmap indicated that the bioethanol mainly uses non grain starch and hemicellulose products as raw materials in the near-term （2006 -2010）. The biodiesel technology will focus on the advanced production technology, FT diesel, liquefaction of biomass and raw material production technology.     

A Quadratic Programming Model for Blast Scheduling

A quadratic programming model is established to choose the blocks to be blasted in a given period. The length of this period depends on the production planning requirements. During the given period, the blocks' parameters are available from the geological database of the mine. The objective is to minimize the deviation of the average ore grade of blasted blocks from the standard ore grade required by the mill. Transportation ability constraint. production quantity demand constraint. minimum safety bench constraint. block size constraint and block, bench precedence constraints are considered in forming the programming model. This model has more practical objective function and reasonable constraints compared with the existing model for this kind of problems.     

Enhanced hydrogen storage of alanates: Recent progress and future perspectives

The global energy crisis and environmental pollution have caused great concern. Hydrogen is a renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy and has potential to be a major alternative energy carrier in the future.Due to its high capacity and relatively low cost of raw materials, alanate has been considered as one of the most promising candidates for hydrogen storage. Among them, LiAlH₄ and NaAlH₄, as two representative metal alanates, have attracted extensive atte...     

Safety characteristics of Li-ion batteries evaluated by in situ measurement techniques

Li-ion batteries hold an important place in the field of high power batteries because of their high open circuit voltage and associated high energy density. However, the safety is less satisfactory; therefore, the study of the factors that affect the safety of Li-ion batteries has much meaning to the safety design. In this paper, a set of apparatus was developed for in situ measurements, and several commercial materials including electrolyte, separator and electrode materials for Li-ion batteries were investigated by the in situ method. The results showed： 1） The electrolyte vapor pressure is influenced significantly by the component with low boiling point and increases rapidly with the increasing of temperature; 2） the shutdown of separator occurs at around 135℃ and the impedance increases approximately by two orders of magnitude; 3） carbon anode materials affect the most the volume changes of the cell, and the change for a graphite anode is much greater than that of a glassy carbon anode.     

Hydrogenation of nanostructured semiconductors for energy conversion and storage

Nanostructured semiconductors have been researched intensively for energy conversion and storage applications in recent decades. Despite of tremendous find- ings and achievements, the performance of the devices resulted from the nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity needs further improvement to become economically viable for subsequent commercializa- tion. Hydrogenation is a simple, efficient, and cost-effective way for tailoring the electronic and morphological properties of the nanostructured materials. This work reviews a series of hydrogenated nanostructured materials was produced by the hydrogenation of a wide range of nanomaterials. These materials with improved inherent conductivity and changed characteristic lattice structure possess much enhanced per- formance for energy conversion application, e.g., photo- electrocatalytic production of hydrogen, and energy storage applications, e.g., lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The hydrogenation mechanisms as well as resultant properties responsible for the efficiency improvement are explored in details. This work provides guidance for researchers to use the hydrogenation technology to design functional materials.