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1.
1973年开始,我国对大熊猫这一珍贵动物进行了调查研究,野外科学工作者多次观察到大熊猫喜爱吃竹子,但并非挑选竹子中最有营养的部位为食,为了弄清楚野生大熊猫这种,挑食竹子某些特定部位是否与其中的一些化学成份有关,我们采用数理统计的判别分析方法来进行分析。 在全年范围内,把大熊猫爱吃的全部样品作为第一类,共观测了47个样品,把不爱吃或极少光顾的样品作为第二类,共观测了34个样品,用Fisher判别方法得到大熊猫选择食物的判别式。  相似文献   

2.
通过对最大的大熊猫圈养种群———中国保护大熊猫研究中心的圈养种群的研究 ,总结了圈养大熊猫的繁殖生物学特性 .中国保护大熊猫研究中心的繁殖场现圈养了大熊猫 4 2只 ,雄性 18只 ,雌性 2 4只 .0~ 1岁的 11只 ,2~ 4岁的 12只 ,5~ 10岁的 8只 ,11~ 15岁的 7只 ,16岁以上的 4只 .育龄雌性大熊猫 11只 ,有生育史的 9只 ,育龄雄性大熊猫 6只 ,4只能进行自然交配 ,2只可供采精 .从 1986~ 2 0 0 0年 ,共繁殖大熊猫 3 3胎 ,5 0仔 ,存活 1岁以上的3 6只 ,存活率为 72 %,其中单胎 17胎 ( 5 1 5 %) ,双胞胎 15胎 ( 4 5 5 %) ,三胞胎 1胎 ( 3 %) .大熊猫是季节性繁殖的动物 ,每年春季 3~ 4月发情交配 ,8月 ( 3 0 49%)和 9月 ( 4 8 88%)产仔 ,每胎平均产仔 1 5只 ,圈养繁殖大熊猫的雌雄比为 1 1∶1.大熊猫的妊娠期和幼仔的初生体重变化很大 ,妊娠期平均是 13 7 4± 19 3d ,初生幼兽的体重平均为14 2 6± 3 9 4g(N =13 ) ,最轻的只有 5 3 5g ,最重的 2 16g .即使是同一双胞胎 ,两仔的体重也有很大差异 ,1999年 8月2日大熊猫白雪产一双胞胎 ,两仔的体重分别为 5 3 5g和 15 0g ,相差近 3倍 .性成熟的年龄 ,雌性是 5 7± 1 1岁 ,雄性是 5 8± 0 5 8岁 .  相似文献   

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4.
本研究运用RT—PCR技术,首次从大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的肌肉组织总RNA中成功克隆了RPS 24(Ribosomal Protein S24)基因的表达序列,并对其进行了测序及初步分析.结果表明:大熊猫RPS24基因的表达序列全长为431bp,开放阅读框(ORF)为399bp,编码132个氨基酸的蛋白质,该蛋白的分子量为15.3251kD,pI为10.92,含有7种类型共14个功能位点:即1个N-糖基化位点、2个cAMP和cGMP依赖性蛋白激酶磷酸化位点、6个蛋白激酶C磷酸化位点、1个酪蛋白激酶Ⅱ磷酸化位点、3个N-酰基化位点、1个酰胺化位点及1个RPS 24e signature.进一步分析发现,大熊猫RP524基因与已报道的人、牛、苏门答腊猩猩、褐家鼠和小家鼠5个哺乳动物物种的表达序列及其编码的氨基酸序列具有很高的相似性:编码序列同源性分别为94.1%、92.4%、94.7%、89.9%和90.4%;与人RPS24蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性为98.48%,其余均为99.24%.  相似文献   

5.
目的探讨秦岭大熊猫产仔育幼洞穴的选择机制。方法对产仔育幼洞穴的性能和构造等物理参数及洞穴外部环境因子进行样方调查,通过系统聚类分析对所调查洞穴的物理属性进行分类。结果大熊猫产仔育幼洞穴选择的主要影响生态因子是坡型、干扰高度和隐蔽性等。结论洞穴内外生态因子的异质性是影响大熊猫洞穴选择的主要因素;大熊猫对偏岩型和隧道型两种洞穴具有较为相近的选择性。  相似文献   

6.
秦岭野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的觅食行为   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
首次利用定量图像分析的方法研究野生大熊猫的取食行为,结果显示:其取食行为存在固定的模式,这一模式是在其身体发育的过程中逐步形成的.到了老年,随着年龄的增大、牙齿的磨损和其他生理机能的衰退,这种模式逐渐解体.总的取食时间可以分为准备时间(38.08%)、间歇时间(5.13%)和吃的时间(56.79%),在取食时间总量不变的情况下,大熊猫通过3种途径有效地增加日食量,即提高动作熟练程度、减少准备时间和减少间歇时间.  相似文献   

7.
从形态学的角度探讨了大熊猫对松花竹(Fargesia sp.)笋细胞壁的利用状况,利用石蜡切片、半薄切片和超薄切片技术,通过光镜和透射电子显微镜观察,对比研究野生大熊猫食物和粪便中的松花竹笋细胞壁的形态。发现竹笋经过大熊猫的消化后,其细胞壁在形态上有明显的变化,薄壁细胞细胞壁变薄,厚壁细胞初生壁和次生壁都有部分消失、缺损或扭曲。  相似文献   

8.
秦岭大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)的种群存活力分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以对秦岭野生大熊猫多年研究的资料,建立了一个机理性的随机模型,并用此模型对秦岭大熊猫种群进行了种群动态的模拟.分析了该种群的存活力,结果显示:秦岭大熊猫种群具有正的增长潜力;在环境维持现状的情况下,秦岭大熊猫种群以小于5%的灭绝概率维持200年所需的最小种群规模为28~30只,低于此数值,由于种群统计学随机性,种群会有较高的灭绝概率;在密度制约因素的影响下,种群维持需要50~60只个体;在非密度制约因素的影响下,每年由种群中减少的个体不应超过种群数量的1%.结合秦岭目前大熊猫种群的实际数量,秦岭的大熊猫种群由于种群统计学随机性而发生灭绝的可能性很小,如果能够在保证现有的环境状况不恶化,并且能够逐步恢复的前提下,秦岭的野生大熊猫种群是可以维持的.  相似文献   

9.
对比观察了5只不同年龄大熊猫(包括青年、中年和老年)的卵巢皮质石蜡切片。可见皮质结构有较大的年龄变化。主要表现在:性成熟后,卵巢皮质的厚度随年龄的增长有减薄的趋势。成年的各级正常卵泡数量较少,初级和次级的更少;闭锁卵饱和间质腺较多,并呈现出随年龄增长而增多的动向。老年卵巢结构变化明显,皮质纤维化,卵泡全部消失,仅有较多囊泡,小动脉管壁增厚,管腔变小。老年卵巢的外形、体积和重量等方面与成年之间未见明显年龄变化。  相似文献   

10.
The enantioselective assay for S(+)- and R(-)-propafenone (PPF) in human urine that developed in this work involves extraction of propafenone from human urine and using S(+)-propafenone as internal standard, chiral derivatization with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-beta-D-glucopranosyl isothiocyanate, and quantitation by an RP-HPLC system with UV detection (lambda=220 nm). A baseline separation of propafenone enantiomers was achieved on a 5-microm reverse phase ODS column, with a mixture of acetic acid (25:12:0.02,v/v) as mobile phase. There was good linear relationship from 24.9 ng/ml to 1875.0 ng/ml for both of enantiomers. The regression equations of the standard curves based on C(S-PPF) (or C(R-PPF)) versus ratio of A(S-PPF)/A(S) (or A(R-PPF)/A(S)) were y=0.0032x-0.081, (r=0.999) for S-PPF and y=0.0033x+0.0039, (r=0.998) for R-PPF, respectively. The method's limit of detection was 12.5 ng/ml for both enantiomers, and the method's limit of quantitation was 28.2+/-0.52 ng/ml for S-PPF, 30.4+/-methanol:water:glacial 0.53 ng/ml for R-PPF (RSD<8%, n=5). The analytical method yielded average recovery of 98.9% and 100.4% for S-PPF and R-PPF, respectively. The relative standard deviation was no more than 6.11% and 6.22% for S-PPF and R-PPF, respectively. The method enabled study of metabolism of S(+)- and R(-)-propafenone in human urine. The results from 7 volunteers administered 150 mg racemic propafenone indicated that propafenone enantiomers undergo stereoselective metabolism and that in the human body, S(+)-propafenone is metabolized more extensively than R(-)-propafenone.  相似文献   

11.
Chemical communication plays an important role in kin selection and mate choice in mammals. The covariance of odor-genes of rodents has been documented and kinship odor has been proposed and termed, yet little is known of the relationship between genetic relatedness and chemical composition of kinship odors. Giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) rely substantially on chemical communication to mediate their social interactions. To examine the relationship between genetic relatedness and compounds in the urine/anogenital gland secretions, we compared the similarities between genetic relatedness and the chemical profiles of anogenital gland secretions and urine via lineage construction and GC-MS (gas chromatography and mass spectrometry). We found that information about kinship odors was present only in the urine of male adults in the mating season but absent in the non-mating season. Adult females and all sub-adults did not have such kinship odors in either mating or non-mating season. Therefore, kinship odor in the panda was contingent on age, sex, and season. This is the first report about the condition-dependent expression of kinship odor, which may have a sig- nificant implication in the practice of panda conservation in relation to chemical communication and sexual selection.  相似文献   

12.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A method for DNA isolation from early development of blastocyst and further analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was developed in present study. Total DNA was prepared from interspecies reconstructed blastocyst and a giant panda specific microsatellite locus g010 was successfully amplified. DNA sequencing of the PCR product showed that two sequences of reconstructed blastocysts are the same as that of positive control giant panda. Our results prove that the nucleus of interspecies reconstructed blastocyst comes from somatic nucleus of donor giant panda.  相似文献   

13.
    
《科学通报(英文版)》1994,39(6):514-514
  相似文献   

14.
在一定条件下,分别采用PMSF,DTT,PCMB,NBS,TNBS,SUAN,BrAc及IAc等化学修饰剂,选择修饰背角无齿蚌碱性磷酸酶的多种氨基酸残基,并测定其酶活力变化。结果表明,PMSF,NBS,TNBS,SUAN和DTT的修饰能显著抑制酶的活力,而且活力的降低程度与修饰剂的浓度相关。BrAc,IAc和PCMB的修饰不表现对酶的抑制作用。初步认为,Ser,Lys和Trp残基是背角无齿蚌碱性磷  相似文献   

15.
大熊猫生境选择研究是近20年来一个比较活跃的区域,目前的研究基本集中在微生境与采食场两个空间尺度上.具有平缓的坡度被广泛认为是大熊猫偏好微生境的特征,而在微生境内对采食场的选择则侧重于具有较多喜食食物的部分,如老笋、新笋等的集中处.大熊猫生境选择的模式并不是一成不变的,外来人为干扰可导致大熊猫选择生境的漂移.同域分布的大、小熊猫具有明显不同的生境利用模式,这反映了两种熊猫在生理、生态需求等方面的不同,而非因种间竞争导致的生态调整之结果.  相似文献   

16.
For solitary species that aggregate to breed, signals, such as sound or odor, transmitted across the landscape can play an important role in mate choice and coordinating breeding activity. Recent work on vocalizations of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), bleats and chirps that are emitted during periods of reproductive activity, has revealed that auditory communication in this species is more complicated and developed than once believed. However, playback experiments using these calls have recorded only a few behaviors over short observation times and the influence of these calls on the signaling behavior of receivers remains unknown. Here, we present results from a pilot study in which we played the bleats of male and female giant pandas in estrus to captive animals and measured vocal and chemical signaling response behavior. We found an increase in scent marking behavior, but not vocalizations, in males and females following the playback of calls made by members of the opposite sex in estrus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect a chemical communication response, which was marking, to an auditory signal in giant pandas. Our findings reveal a previously unknown relationship between acoustic and chemical signals in this high profile species and suggest that these two forms of signaling may be interdependent in the social lives of giant pandas.  相似文献   

17.
大熊猫咬节分布型的研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
在冕宁县冶勒自然保护区随机采在熊猫粪便两团。,全部测量其咬节长度,用偏度,峰度和偏峰度联合检验,证明其咬节分布符合正态分布,为野外大熊猫数量调查和年龄判断提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

18.
野外大熊猫调查方法的研究   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
通过对野外大熊猫粪便中残存竹节的测量和用聚类分析方法确定大熊猫数量的研究,可得到一种较理想和较准确地统计野外大熊猫数量的方法。  相似文献   

19.
大熊猫尿中皮质醇含量变化的日周期   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
首次报道了4只大熊猫(.2;■.2)尿中皮质醇含量变化的24小时模式.连续两昼夜在动物排尿时收集尿样,尿中皮质醇含量用放射免疫法测定.4只大熊猫尿中的皮质醇含量变化均有明显的昼夜周期,在早晨2—6时持续上升,在6—7时达最高点,随即逐渐下降,雄性与雌性大熊猫分别在21时到21时半及20时到21时下降到最低点.雄、雌性大熊猫皮质醇的日周期相似,两者的皮质醇水平都是在3—7时显著高于日平均水平,中午12时至深夜1时,一般均低于日平均水平,24小时中皮质醇峰的最高值,雄性大熊猫高于雌性.  相似文献   

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