里氏木霉几丁质酶基因的克隆及其同源转化研究

丝状真菌里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)外切几丁质酶具有β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性.根据里氏木霉基因组数据库获得了一个编号为21725的外切几丁质酶nagl基因序列,根据检索结果,从里氏木霉QM9414基因组DNA中克隆获得1.9kb的基因片段.构建了以cbhl为启动子和终止子的重组质粒pCbhNag,与含有pyr4基因的质粒pSKpyr4共转化里氏木霉pyr4缺陷株RutC30△U3.共得到99个转化子,初筛得到5株乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶活较高的转化子,其中N3菌株的β-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶活可达26.65 U/mL,而出发菌株的胞外几丁质酶几乎无酶活.成功实现了里氏木霉几丁质酶的克隆及同源表达.     

蝾螺(Turbo cornutus Solander)N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的分离纯化及性质的初步研究

以蝾螺内脏为材料,通过硫酸铵沉淀分级分离、SephadexG 200分子筛柱层析和两次DEAE SephadexA 50离子交换柱层析纯化,获得聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳单一纯的N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶酶制剂.纯酶的比活力为1448U·mg-1.酶的紫外特征吸收峰在275nm处,内源荧光发射峰在340nm处.以对 硝基苯 N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖为底物,研究酶催化底物水解的反应动力学,结果表明:酶的最适pH为4.5,最适温度为45℃.该酶在pH3.5～6.0区域较稳定,而在pH>7能很快失活;在40℃以下处理30min,酶活力保持稳定,高于40℃,酶稳定性较差,很快失活.酶促反应动力学符合米氏双曲线方程,测得米氏常数Km为3.13mmol·L-1,最大反应速度Vm为17.68μmol·L-1·min-1.     

不同生长期凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺NAGase的基本性质变化

凡纳滨对虾[Lifopenaeus vannamei(Boune 1931)]N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(β-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase,简称NAGase,EC3.2.1.52)与周期性蜕壳和生长密切相关.我们研究了凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中该酶的活力与部分性质在不同生长期的变化,结果表明:在不同生长期该酶活力有较大的变化,幼体虾的酶活力为每mg蛋白40 U,随着虾的生长,酶活力迅速下降,当养殖到第6周时,酶活力下降到每mg蛋白18 U,达到最低点.随后,酶活力随着虾的长大快速增大,当养殖到成虾时,酶活力达到最高值,为每mg蛋白58 U.不同生长期的酶,其最适pH均在5.5～6.0之间,最适温度由原来的34℃改变为37℃,同时测定不同生长期酶的动力学参数(Km、Vm)、酶促反应活化能(Ea)及对Cu2 、Zn2 和Hg2 的敏感性并进行了相应的比较.     

菜青虫N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶的抑制剂筛选

以菜青虫N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAGase)为研究对象,比较了不同菜青虫部位来源及不同生长期的菜青虫NAGase活性.结果表明,5龄虫和预蛹表皮来源的NAGase比活最高.选取肉桂酸等天然化合物及其衍生物以及一些具有抗虫或杀虫活性的植物的粗提物,以其对菜青虫NAGase的抑制作用为指标来粗筛NAGase抑制剂,结果表明茴香酸、异丙基苯甲酸、间-羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二甲氧基苯甲酸以及肉桂酸对该酶具有一定的抑制效果,6 mmol/L浓度可以分别使酶活力被抑制35.3%、25.9%、26.7%、29.1%和20.0%;银杏外种皮粗提物有较强的抑制效果,0.4 mg/mL的银杏酸可以让酶活力几乎完全丧失.上述结果提示有望从粗筛得到的几种植物中进一步分离纯化出高效的NAGase抑制剂,为开发新型生物农药提供理论依据.     

高效液相色谱-核粒子计数检测氨基葡萄糖类化合物

核粒子计数检测器是基于水凝聚激光计数专利技术(WCPC),对低紫外吸收的化合物有较强的优势.建立了高效液相色谱-核粒子计数检测器(HPLC-NQAD)检测D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的方法.采用AsahipakNH2(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,V(乙腈)∶V(0.5%三乙胺水溶液)=75∶25为流动相,流速为0.8mL/min,进样量为10μL,10min内完成检测.在NQAD蒸发管温度55℃、气体压力200kPa条件下,D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐与N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖之间的分离度2.32,前者的检出限为16ng,定量限为50ng,后者的检出限为8ng,定量限为24ng.D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐在10.03～2 005.20μg/mL范围内线性回归相关系数为0.999 5,N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖在10.18～2 036.80μg/mL范围内线性回归相关系数为0.999 9.检测D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的精密度实验的相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为1.53%和1.38%,平均回收率分别为100.18%和101.02%.该方法用于D-氨基葡萄糖盐酸盐和N-乙酰-D-氨基葡萄糖的检测,可靠、快速、简便.     

酯酶基因Est2的异源表达及酶学性质研究

对来自α/β水解酶超家族的酯酶基因Est2进行了克隆、异源表达及纯化,然后对其酶学性质进行了研究.研究结果显示:酯酶Est2的最适底物为对硝基苯乙酸酯(p-NPC2),最适反应温度为50℃,最适pH为8.0;Est2具有较好的pH稳定性,在pH 5.0～10.0范围内,其相对酶活性保持在50％以上;在40℃条件下具有最...     

蛋白双酶（胰蛋白酶─木瓜蛋白酶）的固定化研究

以脱乙酰壳多糖为载体，戊二醛为交联剂，对胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶的固定化条件及固定化双酶的动力学性质进行研究．实验对比了交联剂的用量、交联的ｐＨ值、温度及载体与酶的比例等因素对固定化的影响．确定了固定化双酶的催化特性：最适ｐＨ７．５～８．１，最适温度是６０℃，Ｋｍ值是０．５２ｍｇ／ｍｌ，并对固定化双酶的热稳定性、固定化双酶的活性与固定化单酶的活性进行了比较．     

地衣芽孢杆菌α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的纯化及酶学性质

地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheni formis）AS10106α－乙酰乳酸脱酸酶经硫酸沉淀，聚乙二醇沉淀，DEAE－Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换，Gigapite K-100S柱层及SephadexG－100分子凝胶过滤柱等分离纯化步骤，得到SDS－PAGE电泳纯，α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的比活提高了53．5倍。对该酶性质的研究表明，酶单亚基分子量为32Kda，等电点为4．5；该酶的最适反应温度为40℃，最适反应pH为6．0，对热（40℃以上）敏感。在pH5．0－6．5之间稳定。酶活不需要金属阳离子，Cu^2 、Co^2 强烈抑制酶的活性。摇瓶实验表明，纯化的地衣芽孢杆菌α－乙酰乳酸脱羧酶能明显降低双乙酰的形成并缩短其还原时间。     

N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶在儿科疾病中的临床应用

尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）是在临床应用最广泛的诊断肾脏病变的酶之一,NAG主要来自近曲小管的溶酶体,尿中含量相对稳定,其排泄异常提示肾脏损害,因此是肾小管损伤的敏感标志物,在很多儿科疾病中可以判断是否有肾脏损害和（或）严重程度。     

乙醇对南美白对虾N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活力与构象的影响

以南美白对虾为材料,分离提纯N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶,研究乙醇对该酶的活力与构象影响.结果表明,浓度低于22%(体积比)的乙醇对该酶活力有明显的激活效应;乙醇浓度为8%时,达到最大激活效应,酶活力为纯酶的180%.动力学研究表明,在30%浓度范围内,乙醇对酶活性的激活及抑制作用均是可逆的.乙醇低浓度下,Km值与Vmax值随乙醇浓度增大而增大;随着乙醇浓度的进一步升高,Km值保持不变,Vmax值则出现下降.紫外光谱与荧光光谱分析表明,低浓度乙醇对N 乙酰 β D 氨基葡萄糖苷酶的构象产生轻微的影响,而高浓度乙醇则使酶的整体构象趋于松散.由此可以推断,乙醇对该酶的活力影响是微扰酶活性中心产生激活效应与引发整体变构失活效应的共同作用结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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