生物耦合及其分类学与特征规律研究

生物功能源自生物耦合作用的现象, 是多元仿生的重要生物学基础, 也是仿生学领域的重要发现. 从仿生学角度, 提出了生物耦合相关的基本概念, 阐释了生物耦合的构成、分类及其特征规律, 分析了生物耦合研究的一般模式, 并展望了多元耦合仿生的前景.     

华南理工大学纳米技术与分子科学实验室

纳米技术与分子科学实验室创建于2004年6月，隶属华南理工大学材料科学与工程学院，华南理工大学材料科学与工程研究所。实验室经过几年的建设和发展，现已成为有教授（博士生导师）、博士后、博士生和硕士生在内11人的研究集体。     

测量和控制生物大分子--物理学和生物学交叉的一个热点

本文讨论了测量和控制生物大分子的技术,介绍了扫描探针显微镜、扫描近场光学显微镜和光镊等以及它们的应用。     

生物耦合功能特性及其实现模式

生物在大自然优胜劣汰的法则下, 进化出与自身生长和生存环境高度适应的功能特性. 生物通过两个或两个以上不同部分的协同作用或不同因素的耦合作用有效地实现生物的各种功能, 充分展现其对生境的最佳适应性. 本文从仿生学角度, 分析了生物耦合功能、特性及其类别, 初步揭示了生物耦合功能实现的机制与模式, 最后, 展望了生物耦合功能仿生实现的工程技术前景     

纳米生物学研究中的新技术

大量的生物结构,从核酸,蛋白质,病毒到细胞器,其线度在1—100纳米之间,生物结构虽然很小,但异常复杂,又格外活跃,表现出很多特定的生物学功能,纳米生物学就是在纳米水平阐明生物分子作用规律的一门新兴学科,通过对生物大分子超微结构的解析和操纵,获得单个分子在生命活动中的详尽信息,从而在单分子水平上探寻影响人类健康的恶性疾病的发病机理,并最终能够利用对单分子进行微尺度操纵的技术进行治疗。纳米生物学是一个非常有意义,但又神秘莫测的领域,但广阔的应用前景已经昭示了这一交叉学科强劲的生命力。本文将着重介绍原子力显微镜和光镊在纳米生物学研究中的重要应用。     

单分子化学与物理

单分子科学的概念是在扫描探针显微镜、激光镊子和其他相关光谱法在纳米级或分子级研究中的应用中发展起来的。我们在此对近来单分子化学和物理的进展作一评论性的回顾,并主要介绍单分子化学和物理的概念以及单分子表面研究、单分子光谱检测、单原子和/蜮分子操纵、单分子荧光法、激光摄子、生物分子的力学研究,以及所谓单电子效应和单电子器件的进展情况。本文最后强调了单分子科学和技术的重要性。     

基于被子植物叶类器官的仿生伪装材料设计

对比了被子植物叶片和花瓣的显微组织结构和反射光谱,研究表明被子植物叶类器官具有相似的组织结构特征和近红外反射光谱．根据叶类器官的组织结构特征以及决定其反射光谱的物质组成,提出了基于被子植物叶类器官的仿生伪装材料模型,并进行了模型的原理验证性实验．实验结果表明,在300～2600nm光谱范围内,仅简化后的含水发泡材料与法国梧桐叶片的反射光谱的相似度就在96．9％以上．这种全新的伪装材料在紫外、可见光和近红外波段具有与植被叶片非常相似的光谱反射特征,其伪装效果可望有效对抗高光谱和超光谱成像侦察．     

运用生物大分子检测环境质量变异的研究进展

以DNA和蛋白质等生物大分子作为生物标志物在环境监测中应用广泛。本文在总结前人工作的基础上，根据前人的经验，对某些现存问题提出一些看法及可能的解决方案。     

基于仿生智能的无人作战飞机控制技术发展新思路

仿生智能和无人作战飞机均已分别成为国际人工智能和航空航天领域中备受关注的研究热点和前沿性课题.本文在系统阐述仿生智能和无人作战飞机基本概念原理的基础上,结合目前研究现状从基于人工脑的无人作战飞机高智能化自主控制、基于群体智能理论的多无人作战飞机协同控制、基于群智能-Bayesian网络的复杂作战态势评估、基于仿生硬件的无人作战飞机高智能化自主控制、网络环境下基于元启发式智能的多无人作战飞机/无人作战车异构分布协同控制等方面提出了无人作战飞机控制技术的发展新思路,这些思路的实现对极大提高作战任务的有效性及生存概率具有重要意义,同时也为无人作战飞机的智能化、综合化和先进化提供新的突破方向和切实可行的技术途径.     

Chromosomal organization at the level of gene complexes

Metazoan genomes primarily consist of non-coding DNA in comparison to coding regions. Non-coding fraction of the genome contains cis-regulatory elements, which ensure that the genetic code is read properly at the right time and space during development. Regulatory elements and their target genes define functional landscapes within the genome, and some developmentally important genes evolve by keeping the genes involved in specification of common organs/tissues in clusters and are termed gene complex. The clustering of genes involved in a common function may help in robust spatio-temporal gene expression. Gene complexes are often found to be evolutionarily conserved, and the classic example is the hox complex. The evolutionary constraints seen among gene complexes provide an ideal model system to understand cis and trans-regulation of gene function. This review will discuss the various characteristics of gene regulatory modules found within gene complexes and how they can be characterized.     

Nonlinear identification of judgmental forecasts effects at SKU level

Prediction of demand is a key component within supply chain management. Improved accuracy in forecasts directly affects all levels of the supply chain, reducing stock costs and increasing customer satisfaction. In many application areas, demand prediction relies on statistical software which provides an initial forecast subsequently modified by the expert's judgment. This paper outlines a new methodology based on state‐dependent parameter (SDP) estimation techniques to identify the nonlinear behaviour of such managerial adjustments. This non‐parametric SDP estimate is used as a guideline to propose a nonlinear model that corrects the bias introduced by the managerial adjustments. One‐step‐ahead forecasts of stock‐keeping unit sales sampled monthly from a manufacturing company are utilized to test the proposed methodology. The results indicate that adjustments introduce a nonlinear pattern, undermining accuracy. This understanding can be used to enhance the design of the forecasting support system in order to help forecasters towards more efficient judgmental adjustments. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cardiac calcium currents at the level of single channels

Properties of cardiac Ca channels have come into sharper focus with the advent of single cell preparations and suction pipette recording methods. We briefly summarize our present picture of the gating and permeation properties of the conventional, dihydropyridine-sensitive type of Ca channel (L-type). Distinctive features of a second type of voltage-gated Ca channel (T-type) are discussed.     

Consideration on the effects of pollution at community and population level

Summary The effects of pollution at population level are considered in relation to demographic characteristics and overall to the birthrate. The direct and indirect effects of pollution on community structure is discussed. The influence of pollution may vary according to the food-chain structure; (as a consequence, the hazard ceteris paribus will be greater in freshwater communities than in marine ones). Relations between diversity and stability are discussed. In addition, the advantages and difficulties in using diversity and biotic indices for monitoring polluted water are taken into account.     

Molecular mechanisms of centrosome and cytoskeleton anchorage at the nuclear envelope

Cell polarization is a fundamental process underpinning organismal development, and tissue homeostasis, which requires an orchestrated interplay of nuclear, cytoskeletal, and centrosomal structures. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, still remain elusive. Here we report that kinesin-1/nesprin-2/SUN-domain macromolecular assemblies, spanning the entire nuclear envelope (NE), function in cell polarization by anchoring cytoskeletal structures to the nuclear lamina. Nesprin-2 forms complexes with the kinesin-1 motor protein apparatus by associating with and recruiting kinesin light chain1 (KLC1) to the outer nuclear membrane. Similar to nesprin-2, KLC1 requires lamin A/C for proper NE localization. The depletion of nesprin-2 or KLC1, or the uncoupling of nesprin-2/SUN-domain protein associations impairs cell polarization during wounding and dislodges the centrosome from the NE. In addition nesprin-2 loss has profound effects on KLC1 levels, the cytoskeleton, and Golgi apparatus organization. Collectively these data show that NE-associated proteins are pivotal determinants of cell architecture and polarization.     

Consideration on the effects of pollution at community and population level.

The effects of pollution at population level are considered in relation to demographic characteristics and overall to the birthrate. The direct and indirect effects of pollution on community structure is discussed. The influence of pollution may vary according to the food-chain structure; (as a consequence, the hazard 'ceteris paribus' will be greater in freshwater communities than in marine ones). Relations between 'diversity' and 'stability' are discussed. In addition, the advantages and difficulties in using 'diversity' and 'biotic' indices for monitoring polluted water are taken into account.