具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收法测定傣药铁刀木叶中5种金属元素

采用微波密闭消解系统对傣药铁刀木(Cassia siamea)叶进行消解,在最佳工作条件下使用火焰原子吸收分光光度计,并用标准曲线法测定铁刀木叶中钙、铜、锰、钠、镁5种金属元素的含量.实验表明,5种金属元素的含量有所不同,钙的含量最高,铜的含量最低.方法检出限均小于0.003 5μg/mL,加标回收率在96.28%～102.8%之间,相对偏差RSD≤2.13%,结果表明实验准确度和精密度符合实验要求,也为傣药铁刀木叶的有效成分研究提供一定的科学依据.     

微波消解-原子吸收法测定多种蓝莓的矿物质含量

利用微波消解处理蓝莓,通过火焰原子吸收光谱法测定K、 Ca和Mg在76个品种蓝莓中的质量分数。结果表明,76种蓝莓中矿物质含量丰富,95 %的蓝莓K的质量浓度在0.093 %~5.06 %,Ca的质量浓度在0.131 %~0.826 %,Mg的质量浓度在0.048 %~0.246 %。分析结果的相对标准偏差为0 ％~9.07 %,加标回收率为96.23 %~102.25 %,具有良好的准确度和精确度。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸锰中9种杂质元素

用(1+9)盐酸溶液溶解碳酸锰样品,使用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定碳酸锰中Pb、Cd、Cr、K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu等杂质元素含量。结果表明,在试验范围内大量锰的存在对K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu的火焰原子吸收光谱法测定无影响,对Pb、Cd、Cr有负干扰,采用标准加入曲线法测定能消除此干扰;各元素的加标回收率为91.3%～101.0%,每个样品平均进行5次测定的相对标准偏差RSD5%。该方法操作简便,分析速度快,结果准确。     

大连地区蒲公英不同部位微量元素的光谱测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对大连地区蒲公英根、茎、叶、花、种子不同部位的8种微量元素含量进行了测定分析。分析比较了HNO3+HCl、HNO3+H2SO4、HNO3+HClO4这3种不同混酸的消化程度,确定了HNO3+HClO4混酸体系为最佳消化液,最佳混合体积比为4∶1,最佳消化时间为5 min。各元素在实验范围内,加标回收率和精密度较好,加标回收率为92.5%～107%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5%。分析结果表明,蒲公英中K、Ca、Mg、Na和Fe等人体所需的微量元素含量丰富,表现为:在叶中,Ca>K>Mg>Mn>Cu>Fe>Na>Zn;在花中,K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Na>Cu>Mn>Zn;在根中,K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn;在种子中,K>Ca>Mg>Cu>Mn>Fe>Na>Zn;在茎中,K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Cu>Zn。本研究为大连蒲公英的合理利用及开发提供了依据。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定蜡石矿尘中痕量铍元素

本文采用欧洲标准化委员会技术局规定方法制样。电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定蜡石矿尘中痕量铍元素。方法简便、灵敏、准确。共存的钙、镁、锰、钡、铁、硼等元素在一定范围内对铍的测定无影响。回收率为98％,变动系数<2％,检出限为0.00041mg/L。     

ICP-AES法测定微量元素叶面肥料中的金属元素

优化电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)仪器工作条件,建立一种快速、准确、实用的肥料中金属元素测定的方法,并用该方法测定微量元素叶面肥料样品中的砷、铅、镉、铬、镍、铁、镁、钙、锌9种金属元素含量。该方法通过硝酸-高氯酸消解体系,有效彻底地消解了微量元素叶面肥料样品,而且对易挥发的砷、铅的保留效果比较理想。该方法的精密度高、检出限低,样品回收率90%～106%,精密度(RSD)均小于10%,说明方法简单、精确、快速、使用试剂少,能够有效地克服常规分析方法操作手续繁杂,分析灵敏度低等缺点。     

Effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–Zn–Ca alloys

The effects of Zn content on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion properties of as-cast low-alloyed Mg–xZn–0.2Ca alloys (x=0.6wt%, 2.0wt%, 2.5wt%, hereafter denoted as 0.6Zn, 2.0Zn, and 2.5Zn alloys, respectively) are investigated. The results show that the Zn content not only influences grain refinement but also induces different phase precipitation behaviors. The as-cast microstructure of the 0.6Zn alloy is composed of α-Mg, Mg₂Ca, and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, whereas 2.0Zn and 2.5Zn alloys only contain α-Mg and Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ phases, as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. Moreover, with increasing Zn content, both the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and the elongation to fracture first increase and then decrease. Among the three investigated alloys, the largest UTS (178 MPa) and the highest elongation to fracture (6.5%) are obtained for the 2.0Zn alloy. In addition, the corrosion rate increases with increasing Zn content. This paper provides an updated investigation of the alloy composition–microstructure–property relationships of different Zn-containing Mg–Zn–Ca alloys.     

微波消解-ICP-AES法测定大米和小麦粉中21种无机元素

以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定山西大同大学食堂大米和小麦粉中21种无机元素的含量。该方法测定各元素的相关系数在0.995 0～0.999 9之间,仪器检出限在0.000 4～0.103 8μg/mL之间,选取Mn,Ca,Mg,K做加标回收实验,回收率在91.57%～105.60%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.54%～2.50%之间(测定次数n=3),方法快速、准确、可靠。检测发现,所测大米和小麦粉中均含K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Cr,B,P,Si,Li和Se等人体必需的矿质元素;均未检测到Cd,Pb,Co,Ni以及有毒元素Hg和As,但均检测到Al元素,摄入过量会影响Fe,Ca元素的吸收。     

傣药竹叶兰中金属元素的形态分析

 照传统煎煮法对中药竹叶兰中铜、锌、铁、镁、钙、铬、锰和镉8种金属元素进行提取,用微孔滤膜分离提取液中的溶态与悬浮态,利用大孔吸附树脂柱对可溶态中的有机态与无机态进行分离;采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对各种形态中的8种元素进行测定.结果显示,竹叶兰叶中8种元素的总提取率10.27%～58.01%,浸留比11.46%～138.6%,悬浮态颗粒吸附率0.25%～8.47%,可溶态中铁的有机态与无机态的比例为322.8%,锌、镉、锰、镁、钙、铬和铜的有机态与无机态的比率40.28%～121.2%.该法对各元素的加标回收率93.48%～116.3%;相对标准偏差1.21%～3.57%,测定结果的精密度和准确度令人满意.     

黑糯米中微量金属元素的原子吸收光谱测定

本文对惠水黑糯米等粮食样品中的微量金属元素含量的原子吸收光谱测定方法的研究,给出一种能连续测定11种(Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、Na、Mg、K、Pb、Cd、和Cr)元素的定量方法。并利用国家粮食标准样品测试以验证方法的准确度,证明所给该法准确可靠,可推广应用于其他粮食样品中微量金属元素的测定。