Ru/TiO2催化剂上的催化湿式氧化处理H-酸废水反应性能研究

考察了反应温度、反应压力、反应气量、空速以及贵金属担载量等因素对Ru／TiO2催化剂催化湿式氧化法处理H—酸废水处理效果的影响．此外还利用X—荧光光谱(XFD)和X—射线粉末衍射(XRD)等表征手段研究了催化剂TiO2载体的杂质含量和晶型．结果表明：随着催化剂上活性组分担载量的增加，催化剂的催化活性逐步提高．在温度为240℃、压力为6．0MPa、空速为2．5h^-1、气量为150mL／min的反应条件下，经过担载量为ω(Ru)＝3％的Ru／TiO2催化剂的催化湿式氧化处理，模型废水中的COD去除率可达到99．8％．     

拉曼光谱应用于TiO_2光催化反应的研究进展

系统介绍了拉曼光谱在TiO2结构表征中的应用及相关原理．作为其他表征手段（XRD、FTIR、TG／DTA等）的互补，拉曼光谱不仅能够判断TiO2中的晶相结构（金红石和锐钛矿）及其结晶度和相变过程，而且有利于阐述各种因素（粒子尺寸、热处理和离子掺杂等）对TiO2光吸收强度和吸收范围、光生电子和空穴的分离、反应物分子吸附等的影响，同时也能够较好解释各种形态（纳米颗粒、薄膜、纳米管等）TiO2的不同光催化性能．     

活性炭、氧化铝及其负载二氧化钛催化臭氧处理制浆废水

为提高臭氧处理制浆废水的效果,分别以活性炭(AC)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2/AC、TiO2/Al2O3为催化剂催化臭氧处理制浆废水,采用扫描电镜和X-射线衍射仪对催化剂进行表征.结果表明:AC、A Al2O3、TiO2/AC和TiO2/Al2O3均具有催化性能,可有效提高臭氧对制浆废水化学需氧量(CODCr)和色度的去除效果.动力学分析表明,AC、TiO2/AC、Al2O3和TiO2/Al2O3催化臭氧处理制浆废水的过程中,CODCr降解的反应符合表观二级动力学方程,负载的TiO2提高了反应的动力学速率常数.气相色谱-质谱联用分析表明,臭氧及催化臭氧处理能有效降解去除漂白废水中的烷基苯类、酯类和氯代烃类等有毒有机污染物.     

光催化氧化-间接电氧化结合降解碱性品红研究

研究用UV/TiO2悬浮液光催化氧化和间接电氧化相结合的方法降解一种模型有机污染物——碱性品红．在TiO2悬浮液中引入间接电氧化技术,在紫外光照的同时,利用电化学反应分别在阴阳极上生成H2O2和HClO．一方面它们可以作为氧化剂直接氧化有机物,另一方面它们可以用做电子受体去提高光催化效率．比较了光电结合催化和单一光催化的降解效果,考察了NaCl浓度、电解电流密度、pH值对光电结合催化降解效果的影响．实验结果表明：光电结合催化比单一光催化降解效果有了明显的提高;NaCl浓度对光电结合催化降解效果没有明显的影响;增加电解电流密度对光电结合催化降解有促进作用;碱性条件下降解效果优于酸、中性条件。     

纳米TiO2的光催化行为

利用改进的酸催化溶胶-凝胶法成功合成了TiO2纳米粒子。XRD，TEM技术表征结果表明，TiO2为具有Anatase结构的纳米粒子，其平均粒径为10nm。利用环己烷在其上的光催化氧化，以及反应条件如环己烷的浓度、体系的pH值、水的存在等对光催化的影响，进行了TiO2纳米微粒表面光催化行为的研究。     

Ag／TiO2中空纳米纤维结构材料的太阳光催化性能

利用一种模板辅助的两步法制备银修饰的TiO2中空纤维光催化纳米结构材料（Ag／TiO2）,借助于扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X光电子能谱（XPS）,X线衍射（XRD）,uVvis光谱,Zeta电位等技术以及亚甲基蓝（MB）在不同光源条件下的降解脱色对目标材料结构、性能等进行了表征．结果表明：在空气气氛和适当温度下处理前驱材料（Ag＋-Ti4＋／CF）可以同时实现模板（CF）的去除,Ti4＋→TiO2和Ag＋→Ag的原位转化;材料的纳米纤维结构化和适量Ag（0．20％,质量分数）的引入有利于其太阳光催化性能的提高;该纤维材料易于分离,再利用．该纳米纤维结构材料良好的太阳光催化性能是众多因素协同作用的结果．     

焦化废水光催化降解研究

在0.5h和300W高压汞灯紫外光处理条件下,采用TiO2,ZnO和TiO2＋ZnO不同催化剂组合,研究了紫外光催化处理对高浓度焦化废水中CODcr及氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明TiO2是焦化废水中CODcr光降解处理的最佳催化剂;TiO2紫外光能够有效地降低高浓度废水中的CODcr,但对其中氨氮的去除较差。考虑到经济可行性和焦化废水光降解处理的工程实用性,进一步研究了典型焦化厂生化处理站进、出废水按照1L/min处理量施加TiO2紫外光照处理的效果和对废水可生化性的影响,结果表明,短时间的TiO2紫外光照处理焦化废水对降低焦化废水进、出水CODcr和NH3-N的作用十分有限,但可以显著地增加焦化废水进、出水的可生化性。因此该方法可作为焦化废水生化处理站进水预处理和出水深度处理的一项技术。     

镧离子修饰TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La^3 修饰的TiO2光催化剂,通过XRD,TEM,Raman等考察了La^3 掺杂对TiO2结构的影响,并以液相苯酚光催化降解为探针,研究了La对TiO2催化性能的影响,结果表明：La^3 的掺杂能够显著提高TiO2的催化活性和热稳定性．主要归因①La^3 掺杂导致催化剂比表面积增加;②La^3 掺杂使锐钛矿相结晶度增加,同时有效抑制金红石相的出现．     

活性炭纳米TiO2催化臭氧化降解有机废水实验研究

采用沉淀—吸附法制备了活性炭纳米TiO2催化剂,催化臭氧化去除废水中的氯乙酸,研究了反应时间、pH值、臭氧浓度等因素对处理效果的影响.实验结果表明:活性炭纳米TiO2臭氧催化氧化法能有效的处理含氯乙酸废水,其COD去除率可达到85%以上.     

纳米TiO2等离子体放电催化洁净技术在空气净化中的应用研究

介绍纳米TiO2等离子体洁净空气的基本原理、技术特点及采用溶胶-凝胶法在304不锈钢基板上制备纳米TiO2薄膜的方法。以室内空气中常见的污染物甲醛(HCHO)为例,在二种不同试验条件下,实测了测试室内甲醛污染物的变化曲线,得出采用纳米TiO2等离子体放电催化洁净技术,具有净化效果好、速度快等优点,取得令人满意的结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of