Usage of and Discussion on“淤” and “瘀”

为了解由“淤”“瘀”为语素构成的词的使用情况，对其中七组词进行了调查，并对照了常用语文辞书和全国科学技术名词审定委员会审定的名词，发现这些词在医学期刊和书籍中使用十分混乱。分析了这七组词使用不规范的原因，提出了如何规范的建议。     

A Talk on“仪”(yi)

古代称"仪"之物甚少,现在就多了,今后会更多.但如不知本义,可能运用不当.什么东西可以称"仪"?什么不可?例如把电动按摩器叫"按摩仪"就不妥,因为那东西不是度量之器,没有作标准的性能.历代大儒多不懂科技,注解未善.现在查字典也不顶用.     

Jottings on Terms (5)：Different View-points on the Usage of“碳” (tan)and“炭”(tan)

读<科技术语研究>1999年第4期载魏寿昆<关于碳炭二词的用法>和蒋文忠、蒋颖<炭和碳的区别问题>,遂有本文.     

A Query on the Term “等离子体” (dengliziti)

Plasma一词目前译作"等离子体".根据<物理学词典>(等离子体物理分册)(1985年,科学出版社)所述:"一般来说,等离子体概念可作如下定义:它是由大量的接近于自由运动的带电粒子所组成的体系,在整体上是准中性的,粒子的运动主要由粒子间电磁相互作用所决定,由于这是长程的相互作用,因而使它显示出集体行为(例如各种振荡与波、不稳定性等)".     

On Indivisibles and Infinitesimals: A Response to David Sherry, “The Jesuits and the Method of Indivisibles”

In “The Jesuits and the Method of Indivisibles” David Sherry criticizes a central thesis of my book Infinitesimal: that in the seventeenth century the Jesuits sought to suppress the method of indivisibles because it undermined their efforts to establish a perfect rational and hierarchical order in the world, modeled on Euclidean Geometry. Sherry accepts that the Jesuits did indeed suppress the method, but offers two objections. First, that the book does not distinguish between indivisibles and infinitesimals, and that whereas the Jesuits might have reason to object to the first, the second posed no problem for them. Second, seeking an alternative explanation for the Jesuits’ hostility to the method, he proposes that its implicit atomism conflicted with the Catholic doctrine of the sacrament of the Eucharist, and was therefore heretical. In response to Sherry’s first criticism I point out that the Jesuits objected to all forms of the method of indivisibles, and that the distinction between indivisibles and infinitesimals consequently cannot explain the fight over the method in the seventeenth century. With regards to the Eucharist, I agree with Sherry that the Jesuits were indeed concerned about the method’s affinity to atomism and materialism, though for a different reason: these doctrines were antithetical to their efforts to impose divine hierarchy and order on the world. In as much as the technical details of the miracle of the Eucharist mattered, they provided no grounds for objecting to a mathematical (rather than physical) doctrine.     

Discrimination of “瘀血” and “淤血” in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine and the Relevant Terms

目前在医学出版物上，“瘀血”“淤血”及相关的医学名词有时使用混乱，因此有必要对这些名词的规范使用进行讨论。     

More Discussion on “碳(tan)”and“炭(tan)”

在讨论了"碳"炭"与"煤炭"的来历与原义后,认为"碳"与"炭"的用法可从不同角度来处理元素C的中文名为碳;从含碳的物质(或材料)的用途区分,在一般条件下能燃烧的就用炭,不能燃烧的就用碳,对于与可燃烧物质有成因联系或衍生物也使用"炭";对基本无争议的与"碳"炭"有关的词,就约定俗成,继续使用;对有争议的碳与炭的用法,根据简单易用,易区别,能科学地表示其本质涵义,并易为大家所接受为原则,先根据行业专家提出建议,在行业内统一,后由全国科学技术名词审定委员会提出,在全国范围内的推广使用.     

The Similarities and Dissimilarities of “台风(Typhoon)”and “飓风(Hurricane)”

台风和飓风都是发生在北半球热带洋面上的热带气旋,因为发生在不同的洋面和影响的地区不同而名称不同,就其本质来说,都是指同一类天气系统.但是,两者不是简单的一义多词,就名词的语言来源背景和命名系统来说,存在着明显的差别,如果统一到一个名词上来,弊大于利.     

“首尔(shouer)”——The New Chinese Name of Seoul-the Capital of the R.O.Korea

中国媒体已于2005年10月底开始启用韩国首都的中文新译名"首尔".原名汉城将不再使用.     

Discussions on the Chinese Term“邮轮(youlun)” and “游船(youchuan)”

最近某报载文标题日:"我国第一艘海上豪华邮轮正式运营,"这里"邮轮"一词很值得商榷.     

Origin and Meaning of “循环经济”(Recycle Economy)

20世纪末,人类社会呈现出经济迅速发展、高新技术日新月异和世界经济一体化的繁荣,同时,又面临人口剧增、资源短缺、环境污染和生态蜕变的严峻现实,这就促使人们重新思考人类的未来和前途.经济学作为研究如何有效配置资源的科学,其指导思想理应与时俱进.     

Discussions on the Usages of the Chinese Characters“证(zhèng)”，“症(zhèng)”and“征(zhēng)”

在中文医学文献中,"证"、"症"、"征"三个汉字出现的频率颇高,而相关医学术语中这三个字的用法较为混乱,比如,"适应证"与"适应症","综合征"与"综合证"等等,没有统一的规范词汇,给医学科技读者和图书报刊信息媒体编辑人员带来诸多困惑和麻烦.     

A Discussion on the Term “石膏砌块成型机” (Gypsum Partition Wall Panel Plant)

中国于20世纪70年代末开始研制石膏制品及设备,当时的产品名称是按混凝土砖俗称混凝土砌块的叫法,称为石膏砌块.20世纪80年代中期开始引进国外设备时,人们普遍认为:国产设备生产用于非承重墙体的石膏板(规格为3 000mm×600mm×100mm),称石膏条板.     

Study on Standardizing Interpretation of the Term“潟湖”(lagoon) in Uygur Language

统一规范科技术语是衡量一个国家或地区的科技事业发展水平的重要标志之一.     

de Broglie Waves as the “Bridge of Becoming” Between Quantum Theory and Relativity

It is hypothesized that de Broglie’s ‘matter waves’ provide a dynamical basis for Minkowski spacetime in an antisubstantivalist or relational account. The relativity of simultaneity is seen as an effect of the de Broglie oscillation together with a basic relativity postulate, while the dispersion relation from finite rest mass gives rise to the differentiation of spatial and temporal axes. Thus spacetime is seen as not fundamental, but rather as emergent from the quantum level. A result by Solov’ev which demonstrates that time is not an applicable concept at the quantum level is adduced in support of this claim. Finally, it is noted that de Broglie waves can be seen as the “bridge of becoming” discussed by (2005).     

Existing Problems and Suggestions in the Use of “宜农荒地” (yinonghuangdi)

一、问题的提出 从上世纪50年代以来,中央与地方有关的专著、科研报告、区划、规划、计划中,以及文后所列文献(1～8)中,都广泛使用“宜农荒地”或“宜农(耕)荒地”这一复合词.该词在……     

A Casual Talk about Fishes' Names(2)： “鳟”(zun) and “鲑”(gui)

一、古文中的记载 鳟首见于<诗经>豳风·九(贝或)篇:有九(贝或)之鱼鳟鲂,我觏之子,袞衣绣裳句.意思是说我用有九个袋子相连的小网竞捕到大鱼鳟和鲂;我们老百姓竟看到这样的贵人,穿着君王穿的礼服(上衣锈花曰袞衣,下身绣花的衣曰绣裳)!这是西周初成王时(公元前1026～990年)周公平定了东方要回西京时,洛阳百姓舍不得他离开,给他送行时歌颂周公的诗;所以后边还有两句无以我公归兮,无使我心悲兮,说周公不能不回去啊,可是回去就难再来啦,怎能不令我们悲伤啊!以后,<尔雅·释鱼>和许慎<说文解字>对鳟都有记载.许慎释鳟,赤目鱼从鱼尊声;李时珍<本草纲目>称鳟鱼:赤眼鱼.又引孙炎云鳟好独行,尊而必者,且说状似(鱼軍)(草鱼)而小,赤脉贯瞳,身圆而长,鳞细于(鱼軍),青質赤章好食螺蚌.鳟在现代鱼类系中属鲤科,即赤眼鳟.