员工心理资本、组织创新氛围和技术创新绩效的跨层次分析

以员工心理资本与组织创新氛围为自变量,探讨了二者对企业技术创新绩效的影响。通过对湖南省6家机械制造类企业进行数据采集,使用跨层次模型分析变量之间的关系。结果显示:员工的心理资本等积极心理状态能够对企业技术创新绩效产生积极影响。组织创新氛围(特别是领导风格效能)对企业技术创新绩效产生直接影响效果。组织创新氛围对员工心理资本和企业技术创新绩效之间的关系具有调节效应。     

Beer's “organizational tensegrity” and the challenge of democratic management

Many systems scientists are keenly interested in the democratization of management, particularly in the development of better processes for democratic decision making. Stafford Beer's recent development of a consensus decision-making process based on “organizational tensegrity” is an exciting contribution in this area, which also has important implications for the design of democratic organizational structures. This paper describes some experimentation with these ideas (with assistance from Beer) in two work groups at Pacific Bell and explores the potential of Beer's process for democratic management.     

A Systemic Model for Managing and Evaluating Conflicts in Organizational Change

Change or innovation diffusion is a key issue for most business organizations but is yet difficult to implement as the change management process is often complex as it relies on an organized methodology to complement an organization’s commitment and participation. An ambiguous environment surrounding change mechanism tends to develop unintended attitudes, resulting in resistance and conflict. The study proposes a model for the management of such conflicts among change participants (involved and affected) in the context of organizational change. The authors consider organizational change process as an innovation project that treats change and conflicts holistically with the Ulrich’s notion of boundary considerations (boundary critique). A social network setting of multiple stakeholders is considered to effectively help in resolving problematic situations that hinder organizational learning and change. The proposed model provides a theoretical foundation based on concepts governing Critical Systems Heuristics (CSH), change theory, stakeholder theory and conflict management.     

Developing an Innovative Style of Thinking and Innovative Behavior

Russia is currently attempting to create a modern, innovative economy, which requires a new type of worker and a new, more cooperative style of management. Twenty years of Russian market reforms have clearly shown that one of the most serious obstacles to creating an innovative economy in Russia is to change the totalitarian style of thinking. A person needs to be considered as more than a means to achieve economic goals. This paper aims to describe some aspects of the social, economic and organizational changes occurring in Russia and one way out of the current predicament: using a constructivist approach to education in order to develop the innovative competencies of people. In this action research a presumption is made that changes in mentality and patterns of behavior are required for both managers and workers. Style of management in organizations should change in a manner that would support the creation of an innovative society.     

创新视角下金融机构人力资源柔性研究

通过扩展人力资源柔性定义丰富了人力资源柔性研究的场景,系统性构建了人力资源柔性与金融机构创新之间的影响关系,并运用定量分析方法进行了验证,进一步解构战略人力资源管理通过人力资源柔性对企业组织绩效影响过程中的"黑箱"问题.通过系统性构建人力资源柔性与金融机构业务创新影响关系模型,提出并验证人力资源柔性是人力资源实践影响业...     

国内外技术创新能力指数化评价比较分析

从创新绩效能力与创新过程能力两个角度,对比研究了国内外创新能力指数化评价研究在理论基础、分析框架、度量与评价指标体系、数据来源以及数值分析方法等方面的特点,分析各种评价方法在应用上的局限性,探讨我国技术创新能力评价研究的新思路,为进一步研究、把握和提高我国企业以及整体技术创新能力提供有益的参考。     

EVOKE: A Value-Driven Concept Selection Method for Early System Design

The development of new technologically advanced products requires the contribution from a range of skills and disciplines, which are often difficult to find within a single company or organization. Requirements establishment practices in Systems Engineering (SE), while ensuring coordination of activities and tasks across the supply network, fall short when it comes to facilitate knowledge sharing and negotiation during early system design. Empirical observations show that when system-level requirements are not available or not mature enough, engineers dealing with the development of long lead-time sub-systems tend to target local optima, rather than opening up the design space. This phenomenon causes design teams to generate solutions that do not embody the best possible configuration for the overall system. The aim of this paper is to show how methodologies for value-driven design may address this issue, facilitating early stage design iterations and the resolution of early stage design trade-offs. The paper describes how such methodologies may help gathering and dispatching relevant knowledge about the ‘design intent’ of a system to the cross-functional engineering teams, so to facilitate a more concurrent process for requirement elicitation in SE. The paper also describes EVOKE (Early Value Oriented design exploration with KnowledgE maturity), a concept selection method that allows benchmarking design options at sub-system level on the base of value-related information communicated by the system integrators. The use of EVOKE is exemplified in an industrial case study related to the design of an aero-engine component. EVOKE’s ability to raise awareness on the value contribution of early stage design concepts in the SE process has been further verified with industrial practitioners in ad-hoc design episodes.     

Systems Thinking and Systems Practice: Working in the Fifth Dimension

This paper describes how a messy organizational problem was tackled using a systems approach which led to a resolution of the problem and to an improvement in the working relationships of the people involved. The example also shows how people who are not familiar with systems thinking, as such, can quickly be helped to develop a shared systemic view of a complex situation using activity modeling. At a deeper level, the paper also shows how the underlying dynamics of the problem situation was altered as a result of using a cooperative, dialogical working method, leading to an improvement in the quality of service provided by that part of the organization. The paper uses Peter Senge's five disciplines of a learning organization, together with various systems concepts, as a framework for describing how the process of change was brought about through the simultaneous management of task and social processes, leading to both individual and organizational learning.     

Participatory Design and Technologies for Sustainable Development: an Approach from Action Research

This paper explores the relevance of the action research for design of technological solutions that lead to both systemic sustainable development and active involvement of the community. The paper shows how this idea was implemented in a project for water resource conservation with educational institutions of rural areas in Colombia. Through the use of technology, a reduction in water consumption increases in awareness about the use of this natural resource, and the active involvement of the community were sought. Additionally, social processes related to the conservation of natural resources were addressed through a socio-technical approach for analysis and design. During the application of the Soft Systems Methodology (SSM), the participants and researchers created technological prototypes that allowed to: 1) give visibility to the community’s initiatives, and 2) save water in the households. This paper focuses on the importance of the design process of innovative solutions for social and environmental issues through the participative approach of action research.

     

Diagnosis and implementation: How a large cooperative employed a series of proposals for restructuring based upon the Viable Systems Model

Currently cooperatives of more than 11 members are facing organizational crisis: structure is imperative but traditional methods using authority and obedience are anathema. This paper recounts an attempt to use the Viable Systems Model to design an effective organizational structure within the constraints of cooperative working practices. It begins with the diagnosis, describes how the resulting conclusions were received by the cooperative, and gives an account of the resulting organizational structure. The success of the project is assessed.     

Guidelines for a constructivist approach: Steps toward the adaptation of ideas from family therapy for use in organizations

Constructivist family therapy offers a model for the application of Maturana's theories to practice. This paper describes key concepts of a constructivist approach and draws on family therapy to provide guidelines for applying them in an organizational setting. It offers a view of the organization as a network of conversations in which change occurs through the coconstruction of new conversations which widen or change the rational domain in which a problem occurs.     

空气污染对区域创新能力的影响——基于人力资源流动的中介作用与市场化水平的调节作用

空气质量是影响人类行为的重要因素,其质量好坏不仅影响区域经济发展与创新能力,还关乎人类健康.人力资源是创新发展的重要基础,是影响区域创新能力的关键所在.以各省域为研究对象,利用2008～2017年中国省级层面空气质量数据,探讨了空气污染对区域创新能力的影响及其作用机理.研究发现:空气污染会显著降低区域创新能力,抑制区域...     

Business Process Reengineering (BPR) Versus Outsourcing—Critical Perspectives

This article presents a case example involving the renaming of an organizational change process from BPR to outsourcing. The paper discusses the important ramifications of such a name change in that the recognition of outsourcing allowed an organizational commitment to counseling and termination advice. The paper discusses two ways of looking at the name change, one from a critical theory perspective and one from a realist perspective. It demonstrates how theory can provide useful yet markedly different interpretations of such organizational events. Critical theory operates from within what can be termed the transitive epistemological dimension, whereas critical realism tends to emphasize the importance of ontological issues. Each has important things to say about the situation and improves our understanding overall.     

创新生态战略与创新效率关系：基于创新生态网络视角

基于创新生态系统理论,通过引入创新生态环境和创新生态位,构建一个有调节的中介效应模型,并基于长三角制造业企业调研数据,采用Bootstrap方法进行检验,探究创新生态战略通过创新生态网络对企业创新效率的作用机理。研究结果表明：创新生态战略对企业创新效率具有正向影响;创新生态网络在创新生态战略与企业创新效率关系中发挥中介作用;并且创新生态环境和创新生态位调节该中介效应。研究结果从创新生态网络视角构建了创新生态战略向企业创新效率转化的中间机制,丰富了创新生态系统理论研究。     

A Study on the Design for Object-Oriented Adaptive Decision-Making Teams

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Systems thinking and computer-Integrated Manufacturing

Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is a company-wide organizational issue extending far beyond individual hardware-software installations. For successful system design and implementation, CIM needs a generic model which reflects the complex human-technology interaction. This paper describes such a model based on Cybernetics and compares it to situations in manufacturing industry. It is shown that this approach has considerable potential in providing a basis for the realization of effective manufacturing facilities.     

Kurt Lewin's change theory in the field and in the classroom: Notes toward a model of managed learning

This paper discusses some of Lewin's basic dictums and their influence in the author's work and that of others. Specifically, the paper expands on Lewin's change model. It also discusses process consultation and clinical research and describes a design to teach the management of planned change. The paper concludes that planned change might be better conceptualized as managed learning.     

面向任务的指挥控制组织的鲁棒性优化

指挥控制组织面临的环境具有高度的：不确定性。为了满足指控组织能够适应预测到的使命环境的需求，提出了鲁棒性组织的概念。分析了面向任务的组织设计三阶段方法，并从中抽取出使指控组织满足鲁棒性要求的关键问题——进行决策者-资源分配，从而获得具有鲁棒性的决策者之间的协调网络。通过将组织设计过程中的决策者-资源分配问题抽象为数学规划问题．建立了解决鲁棒性决策者协调网络的模型，并为解决该类问题设计了分组遗传算法。最后用一个实际案例进行计算．对比分析表明．分组遗传算法获得的结果具有更好的鲁棒性和组织性能。     

基于系统动力学的企业创新投资决策研究

可持续竞争力逐渐成为企业在动态变化环境中获取成功的重要条件,它体现了企业在创新生态系统中的量级和位置,是现阶段学术界关注度较高的研究问题之一.现有研究回答了哪些因素影响企业可持续竞争力,却很难回答这些因素的影响机制及企业创新资源分配的作用过程.本研究以创新生态系统理论为基础,以"投入-转化-产出"为约束,基于可持续竞争力矩阵,构建结合价值流和知识流的企业创新投资决策系统动力学模型,探究创新战略和资源分配决策对企业可持续竞争的作用机制.研究结果表明:全面创新是优于单一创新的战略决策,且内部创新投资与外部创新投资存在最优回报阈值;知识共享和知识创造需要协同发展才能对企业绩效起到持续地正反馈作用.创新型企业成长过程中优化创新战略和决策,须从上述方面着手管理并持续改进.     

基于遗传编程(GP)与键合图的机电系统自动设计

提出一种基地遗传编程与功率键合图的机电一体化等多领域系统的自动设计方法，本方法的优点在于其开放式的结构搜索，以及同时进行的参数优化搜索，这种基于进化计算和系统仿真的自动设计方法给传统的机电系统的创新设计提供了新的思路，同时对改进各种现有设计方案也具有广泛的应用潜力。