当前我国垄断现状及反垄断立法指向——兼论垄断与资源配置的关系

本文首先阐述我国垄断现状。目前我国经济生活中的垄断现象主要表现为两种形式：经济垄断和行政垄断,其中行政垄断表现得尤为普遍和突出,并且已对我国经济产生了许多不利的影响。其次从垄断与资源配置的关系讨论我国反垄断立法的指向。由于垄断结构的大企业更易提高生产效率,节约交易费用和提高技术效率,从而优化资源配置,所以我国反垄断立法的指向不应是垄断结构,更不应是垄断结构下的大企业,而应是限制竞争和不正当竞争的垄断行为。对于行政垄断,应针对不同表现形式具体对待,最后还提到在制定反垄断法时应同步配套地制定反垄断适用除外立法。     

The alcohol syndromes: The intrarecombigenic effect of acetaldehyde

Summary Sister chromatid exchange was studied in lymphocyte and fibroblast cultures. Alcohol caused no disturbance under normal conditions but an acetaldehyde level above 40 M inhibited cell multiplication and elevated SCE considerably. A high acetaldehyde level is thought to elicit the fetal alcohol syndrome, a view supported by clinical and experimental observations.     

The early history of ship magnetism: The Airy-Scoresby controversy

With the advent of iron-built ships in the early nineteenth century the problem of managing a magnetic compass on board presented considerable difficulty. Prominent among the early scientists who tackled the problem were George Biddell Airy and William Scoresby. Airy had provided a mechanical system, employing correctors in the form of steel magnets and wrought iron masses, by which the ship's magnetic field at the compass position is neutralized. He based his system on the concept that the magnetism acquired by an iron ship during her construction remained with the ship throughout her life. Scoresby, on the other hand, thought differently. After having conducted a thorough and systematic series of experiments on iron plates and bars, he concluded that the magnetic character of an iron ship is liable to sudden and unexpected change. Scoresby argued, therefore, that Airy's system was defective and, indeed, dangerous. The aim of this paper is to discuss the two views which brought Airy and Scoresby into a conflict which is documented in a series of letters to the editor of The Athenaeum.     

科学研究全球化与我国科技发展的战略对策

在《科学研究全球化发展评价》中,我们分析了科学研究全 化的背景特点和我国的发展态势,本文将重点分析在科学研究全球化大真挚下我国科技发展竹号对策;⑴指导思想;⑵战略目标;⑶战备构想;⑷建议。     

The constitution of aspidospermine

Résumé L'aspidospermine est représentée par la formule partielle II, dans laquelle un groupement indolique est définitivement absent. D'après les résultats du titrage électrométrique effectué sur l'aspidospermine et sur la désacétylaspidospermine et en comparant leur absorption dans l'ultra-violet et leurs réactions colorimétriques avec celles de plusieurs amines secondaires aromatiques cyclisées, il ressort que des deux atomes d'azote qui font partie de l'alkaloïde, l'un est acétylé et attaché au noyau aromatique, tandis que l'autre est tertiaire et fortement basique.     

The structure of cannabitriol

Summary Cannabitriol, a constitutent ofCannabis sativa L., has been shown to have the structure (I).We thank the Ministry of Health, Jamaica and Hoffmann-La Roche Inc. for financial support and Dr.G. E. M. Husbands, Wyeth Laboratories, Philadelphia, for the mass spectrum.     

The structure of limonin

Zusammenfassung Die Struktur desepi-Limonol-jodoacetates (C₂₆H₃₁O₈) COCH₂I, wurde durch dreidimensionale Röntgenanalyse bestimmt. Es gelang, die Lage sämtlicher Atome in zwei kristallographisch unabhängigen, jedoch chemisch identischen Molekeln zu ermitteln. Dieses Resultat stellt eine vollständige Bestimmung der Konstitution und der Stereochemie des Limonins dar.     

The synthesis of ecdysone

Zusammenfassung Ecdyson, ein Häutungshormon der Insekten, wurde ausgehend von Ergosterin in 14 Stufen synthetisiert. Wesentliche Zwischenprodukte waren (20S)-2, 3-Diacetoxy-20-formyl-5-pregn-7-en-6-on und (22R)-2, 3-Diacetoxy-14, 22-dihydroxy-25-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)-5-cholest-7-en-6-on.     

The origin of mathematics

Archive for History of Exact Sciences -     

The synthesis of isohalfordin

Zusammenfassung Die Synthese von Isohalfordin (3,4, 8-Trimethoxyfuro[3,2:6, 7]cumarin) aus 6,7-Dihydroxy-2, 3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan wird beschrieben.     

The principle of rigidification

Communicated by C. Truesdell & H. J. M. Bos     

The Limits of Information

Black holes have their own thermodynamics including notions of entropy and temperature and versions of the three laws. After a light introduction to black hole physics, I recollect how black hole thermodynamics evolved in the 1970s, while at the same time stressing conceptual points which were given little thought at that time, such as why the entropy should be linear in the black hole's surface area. I also review a variety of attempts made over the years to provide a statistical mechanics for black hole thermodynamics. Finally, I discuss the origin of the information bounds for ordinary systems that have arisen as applications of black hole thermodynamics.     

The structure of gelsevirine

Zusammenfassung Die Massenspektren und¹H- und¹³C-NMR-Spektren der Gelsemium-Alkaloide Gelsemin, Gelsedin und Gelsevirin wurden aufgenommen und vollständig analysiert. Gelsevirin wurde durch Reduktion in Gelsemin übergeführt und besitzt die Struktur des N_a-Methoxygelsemins.

---

---

U.S. Public Health Service predoctoral fellow, 1967–1971.

---

This communication represents paper VIII of the series Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Naturally Occurring Substances. For the preceding article seeE. Wenkert, D. W. Cochran, E. W. Hagaman, R. B. Lewis andF. M. Schell, J. Am. chem. Soc.93, 6271 (1971).