以30日龄长爪沙鼠为介体建立犬贾第虫纯培养

将取自然感染犬贾第虫的德国牧羊犬的包囊利用蔗糖梯度离心-G1耐酸漏斗滤过法进行分离和纯化，经口感染给30日龄的沙鼠．8d后无菌取小肠上段，分离出滋养体，转入改良TYI—S-33培养基中37℃培养．72h后在管壁上形成了细胞单层，将培养物置肉汤及血琼脂平板培养，未见细菌及霉菌污染，为纯培养．     

应用多位点数目可变串联重复序列对四川地区结核分支杆菌的基因分型

为了研究四川地区结核分枝杆菌的传播动态,选用12个VNTR位点对2009年1月至2009年12月间采集的结核分枝杆菌临床分离株进行基因分型研究.结果表明,在80株结核分支杆菌临床分离株中,12个VNTR位点鉴定出7个簇和65单独基因型.HGI指数对12个VNTR位点等位基因多态性的评估表明,选用的12个VNTR位点在临床分离株中表现出高度多态性,它们的HGI值为0.503至0.799.根据此多态性,选取的VNTR 12个位点的组合应用可作为一线分型方法监测四川地区结核分枝杆菌的传播情况.     

粤北地区圈养豹的繁育观察

在圈养的条件下,对粤北地区6头金钱豹（2雄4雌）的繁育行为进行观察.结果表明：雌性金钱豹的性成熟年龄为2.5～3岁,雄性3～3.5岁,一年四季均可发情,发情季节性不是很明显.在人为断奶的情况下,金钱豹一年可产1～3胎,发情交配间隔及怀孕产仔间隔与幼豹人工断奶时间有密切关系.在圈养条件下,金钱豹的孕期约为3个月,与野外观察的约为99 d略有不同.金钱豹的分娩与育幼需要安静的环境,如母豹受到外界因素强烈干扰,可出现弃仔乃至食仔现象.金钱豹初生体重平均为543.9 g,雄性幼兽出生体重略重于雌性,且在15～30 d内体重与体长的增长也优于雌性.     

笼养褐马鸡行为的PAE编码及行为谱特征?

2010年4月—2010年5月和2010年12月—2011年8月,对山西庞泉沟国家自然保护区内的笼养褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)种群进行了行为学研究.根据行为的功能性,共定义描述8大类56种行为,其中正常行为7类52种,异常行为2类4种,除沙浴、取食、理羽、饮水等行为在前人研究中有所涉及,其他多种行为均为首次报道,特别是包括机械行走、过度整理、空啄以及啄羽在内的4种异常行为是在笼养褐马鸡群体中首次发现.根据褐马鸡行为的结构、特征及功能,制定了褐马鸡的PAE行为编码以及编码全谱.其中姿态编码(P码)9种,动作编码(A码)6类39种,环境编码(E码)4类15种.在只考虑现有观察强度下某种行为是否表达,而不涉及行为在个体中发生的频率的前提之下,将性别、年龄、繁殖状态与行为结构编码P码、A码、E码结合,共同编入PAE编码行为谱中,制定了包含不同时期、不同年龄、不同性别笼养褐马鸡个体的PAE编码全谱.     

饲养林麝毛发皮质醇含量及其指示作用

【目的】探查饲养林麝的麝场规模、饲养空间及年龄因素对饲养林麝毛发生理应激的影响,为林麝饲养管理提供科学依据。【方法】采集陕西凤县25个麝场142只饲养雄性林麝同一部位的毛发,运用酶联免疫法(ELISA)测定林麝毛发皮质醇含量,比较不同年龄组林麝毛发皮质醇含量的差异,聚类分析林麝的毛发皮质醇含量,卡方检验高皮质醇组和低皮质醇组林麝在不同饲养环境中的分布情况,探查评估饲养雄性林麝的生理应激状态。【结果】饲养雄麝毛发皮质醇含量在3~9岁龄没有显著差异。毛发皮质醇含量的聚类分析表明,雄麝的生理应激状态可分为低皮质醇和高皮质醇2个组别;卡方检验结果显示,皮质醇的2个组别在不同规模麝场的分布不存在显著差异,在不同饲养空间中的分布存在显著差异,高皮质醇组林麝在小圈占比最高,低皮质醇组林麝在大圈占比最高。【结论】饲养条件下,根据林麝毛发皮质醇含量可有效探查其生理应激状态,可分为高敏感组和低敏感组;林麝饲养空间显著影响其生理状态,进而影响高敏感和低敏感个体的比例组成。     

笼养灰叶猴(Trachypithecus phayrei)月经周期初步研究

我们用放射免疫法(RIA)测定了2只雌性灰叶猴成体尿液中的雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)水平,发现1.其月经周期为24.8±2.2d.2.雌二醇在滤泡期和黄体期的水平分别是101.89±4.32(pg/ml)和119.84±5.20(pg/ml);其间有一个显著的峰值555.40±16.68(pg/ml).3.孕酮水平在雌二醇峰后第2d上升(p＜0.001),其在滤泡期和黄体期的水平分别是1133.22±17.15(pg/ml)和5388.33±59.19(pg/ml).黄体期的孕酮水平是滤泡期的4～5倍.(mean±Std.).     

Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA assessment of the genetic diversity of captive Saiga antelopes (Saiga tatarica) in China

To estimate the genetic diversity of the only captive Saiga antelope(Saiga tatarica) population in China,40 umbilical cord samples were collected and mitochondrial(control region) and nuclear(microsatellite) variabilities were assessed.Both of the markers revealed low genetic variability(or high genetic homogeneity) within the population.The microsatellites yielded monitoring ranges of 2-6 alleles.The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.28 to 0.83,and the expected heterozygosities were between 0.27 and 0.71.The Shannon information index(Shannon I) and Polymorphic Information Content(PIC) presented overall means of 0.87 and 0.43,respectively.The gene diversity was 0.49.We found only two haplotypes in the population,and the haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 39.1% and 1.13%,respectively.Founder events,bottlenecks and inbreeding have contributed to the low genetic variation observed in this population.Our findings revealed the extent of genetic diversity maintained in the present population and the urgency of implementing a protection plan,introducing animals from other populations to enhance saiga’s genetic variation.     

Simultaneous polyandry and heteropaternity in tiger (Panthera tigris altaica): Implications for conservation of genetic diversity in captive populations of felids

Male tigers(Panthera tigris altaica) in captivity copulate alternatively with an estrous female,suggesting a potential for heteropaternity as an effective reproductive strategy to maximize genetic diversity of offspring.We analyzed microsatellites to test and compare the genetic output of multiple male mating(simultaneous polyandry) and single male mating(monogamy) with a female in a captive population.Simultaneous polyandry resulted in heteropaternity in 66.7% observed litters.No significant differences between parental populations and between offspring populations were detected in the number of alleles(A),expected heterozygosity(H e),number of effective alleles(N e) per locus and standard individual heterozygosity(SH)(P>0.05 for all 4 indexes).Comparisons showed no significant reduction of A,H o,H e and SH from parental population to offspring population for the two mating modes(P>0.05) except for SH in polyandrous families(P=0.029).However,such reduction was equivalent to single mating families when the influence of relatedness was eliminated using effective SH(E SH)(P>0.05).These results highlight an alternative strategy for managing captive populations of tiger and other wild felids in which animals are combined at one location allowing for copulation by multiple males to encourage heteropaternity in favor of maintained genetic diversity among offspring.     

Inactivation of Giardia Intestinalis by Peroxone Process (H2O2/O3) and Its Disinfection Mechanisms

The efficency of peroxone( H2O2/ O3) to inactivate Giardia intestinali( G. intestinali) was investigated by the fluorescence staining method and vitro excystation. In order to investigate the mechanisms of inactivation,such as cell surface or inner cell components damage,they were comparatively examined by scanning electron microscopy( SEM),protein assay,and DNA gel analysis. When independent addition of O3 was under 1. 5mg·L- 1and contact time reached 10. 0 min,the inactivation rate achieved 99. 6%. At the same time,to achieve the same inactivation effect by H2O2/ O3,1. 0 mg·L- 1O3( [H2O2]/[O3] = 0. 8) with7. 0 min was required. Results suggest that hydroxyl radicals( ·OH) was the principal factor during the H2O2/ O3 process by testing the effect of t-butyl alcohol( TBA) and concentration change of H2O2. Although disinfectant potency of have its drawback of residual effect is transitory, but H2O2/ O3 could further strengthen the capability of inactivation, as well as reducing O3 dosage significantly. Meanwhile,SEMprotein assay,and DNA gel analysis indicate that H2O2/ O3 can destroy the cell surface,degrade the protein,and damage the genomic DNA of G. intestinali.     

草鱼肌肉生长抑制素cDNA克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术,从草鱼肌肉组织中克隆出MSTN cDNA序列,长度为1764 bp,编码区为1128 bp,共编码375个氨基酸.前体蛋白包括信号肽序列、N端前肽区、蛋白酶水解位点RIRR及C端活性区(含9个保守的Cys残基).多重序列比较表明,草鱼与斑马鱼、黑头软口鲦之间的MSTN序列同源性在94%以上,与其它鱼类之间的序列同源性也较高(78.1%~82.3%),但与鸟类、哺乳类之间的序列同源性则相对较低.系统进化分析显示,不同物种间的MSTN序列同源性基本反映了它们的亲缘关系.