科学传播和评价的“后期刊时代”

 2015年初，我“正式发表”了一篇短文--《学术出版范式创新刍议》；2015年底在几次会议上提出“用学术期刊出版范式创新迎接2016年”。其主要观点是：“在比较大的范围内，用已复制或可复制文字、图形图像、音像等形式依法公之于众的活动就是出版”；“编辑、出版、营销网络平台的建设，研究数据、过程的采集、加工、发布，学术服务的个性化、即时化、多样化，也许是以后学术出版的主要任务和主要范式”。     

“地平线欧洲”计划设计与管理的启示

 欧盟第九框架计划—— “地平线欧洲”计划于2021年启动，是迄今为止全球资助规模最大的科技创新计划。研究了欧盟在框架计划设计阶段采用的创新举措及其应用方式，提出了对中国科技计划的建议，包括加强前期研究设计、开展预见性研究、加强计划间衔接和支撑作用、鼓励“共同设计”理念、开放信息公开获取渠道等。     

化学领域国际主要科研机构论文“共现”现象研究

文章对化学领域20 个国际主要科研机构论文数据中的三种“共现”现象——机构- 机构、机构-关键词、关键词- 关键词“共现”进行了分析，探讨了用文献计量学方法挖掘科研机构之间实质的、潜在的合作网络及其共同关注的研究主题。     

“三生”空间格局演化“碳流”分析——以唐山市为例

 生产空间、生活空间和生态空间（“三生”空间）碳代谢分析研究,对实现区域“三生”空间要素整合和结构优化具有重要的科学意义。以唐山市为例,通过构建显性“碳流”模型和生态网络效用分析方法,定量化跟踪、评估了2010-2015年唐山市“三生”空间碳要素的流动过程、途径及其影响。结果显示：2010-2015年,唐山“三生”空间格局演变造成了区域碳排放量的增加,净“碳流”为负值;其中,消极“碳流”主要由于生态空间向生产空间的转变;而积极的“碳流”主要来自生产空间向生态空间的转变。唐山市“三生”用地类型在碳代谢系统中的生态关系主要以限制掠夺关系为主,其中以生活空间城镇用地以及生态空间未利用土地占主导。     

封面图片说明：“科创中国”技术服务与交易平台

 “科创中国”技术服务与交易平台是以“互联网+技术交易”模式构建的数宁化服务平台。通过建设动态运营的“问题库”“项目库”“开源库”,面向“政产学研服用金”创新主体,开展技术创新全链条专业化服务,把技术供给与技术需求的对接在“手牵手”基础上再增加“线联线”,以技术服务与技术交易推动国内外科技成果精准落地。     

发挥学会平台作用 助推航空人才成长

 中国航空学会成立于1964年2月，是由航空航天科技工作者及航空相关领域单位自愿结成的全国性、学术性、非营利性的法人团体，共有全国航空工业、军航、民航、高等院校及民营企业在内的近200家单位会员及超过10万名个人会员。学会不断改革创新，工作持续发力，构建了以“提升位势、创造价值”为工作理念，以“激情、创新、开放、共享”为工作方针的学会文化核心，取得了一系列新成绩：2015年荣获民政部评选的“全国先进社会组织”，2011年在民政部组织开展的首批全国学术类社团评估中获得4A等级（第一批第一家迎接现场评估）；连续5次获得中国科协评选的“全国先进学会”，获评中国科协八大先进集体，2012年在中国科协组织的学会能力提升专项中获得优秀科技社团二等奖，2015年荣获中国科协创新和服务能力提升工程二类优秀科技社团奖；学会主办的《航空知识》《航空学报》等期刊多次获得中国出版政府奖、全国百种杰出期刊等殊荣；学会多次获得全国科普先进集体、中国科协年度优秀调研报告特等奖、连续6年获得中国科协党建强会优秀组织奖等。     

定格精彩记忆传播科学精神——典赞·2015年中国科学传播

 2015年12月30日,由中国科协主办的“典赞·2015中国科学传播”主题发布会于北京市清华科技园阳光厅隆重举行。活动以“定格精彩记忆传播科学精神”为主线,现场对外发布了2015年度“十大科学传播事件”、“十大‘科学’流言终结榜”和“十大科学传播人”。本次主题晚会云集众多科学界、科普界“大腕”,为公众带来一场科学传播盛宴。     

发挥“互联网+”优势倡导科学生活

 2015年两会,李克强总理提出要制定“互联网+”行动计划,明确要充分发挥互联网在生产要素配置中的优化和集成作用。腾讯作为“互联网+”最早的探索和实践者,在多个领域进行了尝试。2015年4月,在中国科协领导的大力支持下,腾讯又在科普与互联网的结合上进行了新的探索,并与科协签署了“互联网+科普”框架协议,双方在热点新闻事件科普解读、净化网络“伪科学”、科普精准化推送以及大数据分析等领域进行深度合作,共同推动全民科学素养的提升。     

开放式创新实践对“揭榜挂帅”制度的启示

 “揭榜挂帅”是采取开放式竞争的方式,在关键的攻关项目中选出最合适负责人的策略。分析了国内外企业、机构、项目和平台的开放式创新实践,凝练了其中的选题、用人和评价机制,以揭示开放式创新对“揭榜挂帅”制度的完善;总结了成功的“揭榜挂帅”机制所需的开放要件,提出了针对性的建议。     

“创意产业园区”景观规划设计的构想

近年来，在中国许多特大城市、大城市中不断出现了创意产业，形成了当下特有的“创意产业园区”现象.研究表明：城市产业结构的变化在客观上为“创意产业园区”的出现提供了先决条件，“创意产业园区”的形成还与就业机制的变化、政府的推动成正相关系.“创意产业园区”是带有创意行为的景观规划设计，是建筑群体风格、单体建筑、室内外环境、节点空间等景观的可识别性创造.“创意产业园区”必须加强景观的规划与管理.     

盾构机密封舱渣土非线性本构模型参数识别

根据密封舱改性渣土的三轴压缩实验数据,建立了基于优化方法的Duncan-Chang双曲线本构模型参数反演方法。为了解决参数识别反问题解的不稳定性问题,在Gauss-Newton优化迭代算法的基础上,提出了正则化参数反演方法。实际应用结果表明,所提出的反演方法具有较快的收敛速度和较强的鲁棒性,预测的实验模型变形与实验值吻合较好。     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

Kinetic parameters of oscillating reaction of amino acid- BrO3^——Mn^2＋-H2SO4-acetone system

In the previous papers[1—3], the oscillating reactionusing amino acids as organic substrates was studied. Inorder to obtain information about the kinetic parameters ofoscillating reaction of amino acids in amino acid- BrO3 - ?Mn2 -H2SO4-acetone sy…     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Acid etching process for fabrication of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8＋x stack

We adopted a new method, acid etching process, to fabricate the intrinsic Josephson junctions based on the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 x single crystals. By soaking the crystals into the dilute hydrochloric acid, we fabricated a junction stack successfully, and meantime made the surrounding area insulated. A certain concentration of hydrochloric acid was used to maintain the roughness of the modified layer. The cur-rent-voltage characteristic was achieved through the four terminal measurement. We could control the junctions' number by changing the concentration and the soaking time. We also found that the thick-ness of the stack was equal to the average height of the insulation layer. Such a simple, convenient and controllable fabrication method with a high yield might widen the applications of the intrinsic Joseph-son junctions.     

Investigation on high magnetoresistance Ni0.81Fe0.19 films grown on （Ni0.81Fe0.19）1-xCrx underlayers

We have fabricated Ni0.18Fe0.19 films with (Ni0.18Fe0.19)1-xCrx films as underlayers by dc magnetron sputtering, the results show that larger anisotropic magnetoresistance (△R/R) values of Ni0.18Fe0.19 films are observed using the underlayers with Cr concentration of -36 at.% at an optimum underlayer thickness of -4.4 nm, the maximum AMR value is 3.35%. The results of atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show that the △R/R enhancement is attributed to the formation of large average grain size and the strong(111)texture in the Ni0.18Fe0.19 films.     

基于遗传算法的带附加气室空气悬架多目标优化

以带附加气室的空气弹簧悬架为研究对象,按照物理模型建立带附加气室空气弹簧的数学模型,考虑到空气弹簧刚度的非线性,将该模型以空气弹簧非线性力的形式直接引入到1/4车辆模型。以提高车辆平顺性、行驶安全性及操纵稳定性的综合性能为目标,以附加气室容积为优化变量,设计带附加气室空气悬架的多目标优化模型;考虑到悬架性能各指标量在量纲与量级上的差异,对各指标量进行统一化处理,并采用线性加权和法将多目标函数转化为单目标评价函数。在MAT-LAB/Simulink中搭建系统仿真模型,采用遗传优化算法对典型工况下的最优附加气室容积进行寻优。优化结果表明,优化附加气室容积能有效提高悬架的综合性能,降低车身加速度、悬架动行程,但轮胎动载荷有所增加。     

Rolling-induced microstructure change in Zr_（65）Al_（7.5）Ni_（10）Cu_（12.5）Ag_5 bulk metallic glass

The microstructures and free-volume evolutions of as-cast and pre-annealed Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu12.5Ag5 bulk metallic glasses during rolling deformation have been investigated. No phase transformation is detected in the as-cast/rolled specimen. However,the structural stability of the glass against plastic deformation is worse after pre-annealing,indicated by nanocrystallization in preannealed/rolled specimens with large deformation degrees. Moreover,with increasing deformation degree,the free-volume content in a pre-annealed/rolled specimen increases at a lower average rate than that in an as-cast/rolled specimen.     

Synthesis, Characterization and Calorimetry of Ni（C4H8N2O3）2Cl2

A coordination complex was synthesized from NiCl2 and dipeptide glycylglycine（GG）. It was characterized by element analysis, NMR and TG methods, and then was determined to be Ni（C4HsN2O3）2Cl2. Using an isoperibolic reaction calorimeter, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of Ni（GG）2Cl2（solid） has been determined to be -（1 674.66±2.02） kJ · mol^-1 at 298.15 K.     

Work toughening effect in Zr_（41）Ti_（14）Cu_（12.5）Ni_（10）Be_（22.5） bulk metallic glass

Work hardening is a well-known phenomenon occurring in crystalline metals during deformation,which has been widely used to increase the strength of metals although their ductility is usually reduced simultaneously. Here we report that the plastic strain of Zr41Ti14Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 (at.%) bulk metallic glasses has been increased from 0.3% for the as-cast sample to 2.5%-8.0% for samples that have experienced pre-deformation under constrained conditions. The pre-deformed glassy alloys possess more free volume and abundant introduced shear bands,which are believed to promote the activation of shear bands in post-deformation and result in an increase in plasticity. The orientation of the pre-introduced shear bands relative to the loading direction will affect the deformation behavior of pre-deformed samples. The present results show that pre-deformation of this glassy alloy will result in work toughening. This work toughening effect can be removed by isothermal annealing at a sub-Tg (glass transition) temperature,which causes annihilation of free volume and healing of shear bands.