1H-3-正丙基-5-吡唑羧酸乙酯的合成

2-戊酮和草酸二乙酯在醇钠溶液中发生 Claisen酯缩合反应 ,制得的δ-庚酮酸乙酯 -β-烯醇钠盐收率为 69.2 % ,该钠盐与水合肼及硫酸肼反应制得 1 H- 3-正丙基 - 5 -吡唑羧酸乙酯 ,粗产品收率为 1 0 0 % .通过正交实验及单因素实验研究了反应的较佳合成工艺条件 ,用红外光谱对产品进行了结构鉴定 .     

2-[3-(1,3-二氧戊烷-2-基)-1-羟丙基苯基]-2-甲基丙酸乙酯的合成研究

研究了 2 - [3- ( 1 ,3-二氧戊烷 - 2 -基 ) - 1 -羟丙基苯基 ]- 2 -甲基丙酸乙酯的合成 .丙烯醛与乙二醇溴化氢溶液反应制得 2 - ( 2 -溴乙基 ) - 1 ,3-二氧戊烷 ,适宜的反应条件为 :反应温度 5～ 1 0℃ ,反应时间 5～ 6h.2 - ( 2 -溴乙基 ) - 1 ,3-二氧戊烷与 2 - ( 4 -甲酰基苯基 ) - 2 -甲基丙酸乙酯进行格氏反应制得目标产品 .制格氏试剂时反应温度 30～ 40℃ ,反应时间 2 h;格氏反应温度不超过 2 5℃ ,反应时间2 0 min.产品合成总收率 5 4 .5 % ,产品结构经 IR谱、1HNMR谱等确证 .     

无溶剂条件下三氯化铁高效催化合成N1-取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

无溶剂、80℃条件下,三氯化铁为催化剂,芳香醛、β-酮酯、单取代(硫)脲三组分"一锅法"高效合成了一系列N1-取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶酮.考察了原料配比、催化剂用量和反应温度对产率的影响,确定较佳反应条件为:n_醛:n_酯:n_脲=1:1:1,三氯化铁3 mol%,反应温度80℃.在较佳反应条件下,考察了各种芳香醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯(乙酰乙酸甲酯)、单取代脲(硫脲)的反应效果,并合成了八种新物质.所有产品结构通过IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和元素分析进行表征.最后提出了可能的催化作用机理.该方法具有操作简单、不使用任何有机溶剂、反应条件温和、催化剂廉价易得、底物范围广等优点.     

6-甲基-2(1H)-吡啶酮的合成

以2-氨基-6-甲基吡啶为初始原料,通过重氮化水解反应合成了6-甲基-2(1 H)-吡啶酮.研究了反应条件对合成产率的影响,确定了最佳反应条件:反应时间3h,温度0～5℃;光照条件下水解;饱和碳酸钠溶液调节溶液的pH值至7.合成产物的结构经熔点测定、1 H-NMR、13 C-NMR表征得到证实,产率达到91.7%.     

1,4-二(氯乙酰基)哌嗪的合成

以无水哌嗪和氯乙酰氯为主要起始原料,无水碳酸钠为缚酸刺,水为溶剂,经酰化反应得到1,4-二(氯乙酰基)哌嗪,并对反应的工艺参数进行了优化.最佳反应条件是:n(无水哌嗪)∶n(氯乙酰氯)=1∶2.2,反应温度-6℃,反应60 min,产品收率为83.9%.经1HNMR和MS分析确定产品结构与目标产物相符.     

磷钨酸催化合成乳酸正丁脂研究

研究以磷钨酸为催化剂合成乳酸正丁酯 ,经实验确定最佳反应条件为酸醇体积比为 1∶2 ,磷钨酸用量为 0 .0 3% (w) ,反应时间 2h ,在此条件下 ,酯化率达到了 94 .2 % ,产品纯度达 98%。     

2-芳甲基-1H-苯并咪唑的熔融法合成

采用熔融法合成了2-(1-萘甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑和2-苯甲基-1H-苯并咪唑,利用IR和1HNMR确定了它们的结构.探索了反应物的配比、反应时间和反应温度对产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件.该方法操作简便、反应时间短、后处理容易、副产物少,合成产率较高,合成方法绿色环保.     

Melting Synthesis of 2-aryimethyl-1H-benzoimidazoles

采用熔融法合成了2-(1-萘甲基)-1H-苯并咪唑和2-苯甲基-1H-苯并咪唑,利用IR和1HN MR确定了它们的结构.探索了反应物的配比、反应时间和反应温度对产率的影响,确定了最佳合成条件.该方法操作简便、反应时间短、后处理容易、副产物少,合成产率较高,合成方法绿色环保.     

乙烯基-β-紫罗兰醇的合成

以氯乙稀和金属镁为原料,反应制得格氏试剂乙稀基氯化镁;再与β-紫罗兰酮发生加成反应得到合成维生素A的重要中间体乙稀基-β-紫罗兰醇。通过对反应条件和工艺的研究 和优化,确定了最佳工艺条件为：金属镁与β-紫罗兰酮的摩尔比为1. 3: 1 .0,滴加β-紫罗兰酮的温度为0~5 ℃,在反应温度20~25 ℃时继续反应3~4 h,得到乙稀基-β-紫罗兰醇的收率为98.0%,气相色谱(GC)分析含量为92 . 5%。该工艺条件得到了实验室放大的验证。     

二氧化硒氧化3-甲基吡啶合成烟酸的研究

 采用二氧化硒为氧化剂,以3-甲基吡啶为原料经液相氧化法合成烟酸,适宜的反应条件为:3-甲基吡啶与二氧化硒摩尔比为1:1.6,3-甲基吡啶浓度2 mol/L,反应温度130℃,反应时间120 min,此条件下产品收率达到40.3%,所得产品达到国家GB14757—93标准.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with