Detection of the translational oscillations of the Earth＇s solid inner core based on the international superconducting gravimeter observations

Based on the 21 series of the high precision tidal gravity observations recorded using superconducting gravimeters (SG) at 14 stations distributed globally (in to-tally about 86 years), the translational oscillations of the Earth抯 solid inner core (ESIC) is detected in this paper. All observations are divided into two groups with G-Ⅰ group (8 relatively longer observational series) and G-Ⅱ group (13 relatively shorter observational series). The detailed correc-tions to minute original observations for each station are carried out, the error data due to the earthquakes, power supply impulses and some perturbations as change in at-mospheric pressure and so on are carefully deleted for the first step, the gravity residuals are obtained after removing further synthetic tidal gravity signals. The Fast Fourier Transform analysis is carried out for each residual series, the estimations of the product spectral densities in the sub-tidal band are obtained by using a multi-station staking technique. The 8 common peaks are found after further removing the remaining frequency dependent pressure signals. The eigen-periods, quality factors and resonant strengths for these peaks are simulated. The numerical results show that the discrepancies of the eigenperiods for 3 of 8 peaks, compared to those of theoretical computation given by Smith, are only 0.4%, -0.4% and 1.0%. This coincidence signifies that the dynamical phenomenon of the Earths solid inner core can be detected by using high precision ground gravity observations. The reliability of the numerical computation is also checked, the spectral peak splitting phenomenon induced by Earths rotation and ellipticity is preliminary discussed in this paper.     

Characteristics of tidal gravity changes in Lhasa, Tibet, China

Tidal gravity changes arise from the response of the solid Earth to the tidal forces of the Sun,Moon and planets close to the Earth,and are a comprehensive reflection of the structure and distribution of physical properties of the Earth’s interior.As a result,observations of tidal gravity changes are the basis of studies on other global and/or regional dynamic processes.The characteristics of tidal gravity changes in the region of the Tibetan Plateau were investigated through continuous gravity measurements recorded with a superconducting gravimeter (SG) installed in Lhasa over a year.Through contrast measurements with a spring gravimeter LaCoste-Romberg ET20 at the same site,the gravity observations in Lhasa were scaled to the international tidal gravity reference in Wuhan.Meanwhile,the scale factor of the SG was determined accurately as-777.358 ± 0.136 nm s-2V-1,which is about 2.2% less than the value provided by the manufacturer.The results indicate that the precision of the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa was very high.The standard deviation was 0.459 nm s-2,and the uncertainties of for the four main tidal waves (i.e.O 1,K 1,M 2 and S 2) were better than 0.006%.In addition,the observations of the diurnal gravity tides had an obvious pattern of nearly diurnal resonance.As a result,it is affirmed that the Lhasa station can provide a local tidal gravity reference for gravity measurements on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions.The loading effects of oceanic tides on tidal gravity observations in Lhasa are so weak that the resulting perturbations in the gravimetric factors are less than 0.6%.However,the loading effects of the local atmosphere on either the tidal or nontidal gravity observations are significant,although no seasonal variations were found.After removal of the atmospheric effects,the standard deviation of the SG observations in Lhasa decreased obviously from 2.009 to 0.459 nm s-2.Having removed the loading effects of oceanic tides and local atmosphere,it was found that the tidal gravity observations made with the SG in Lhasa significantly differed by about 1% from those expected theoretically,which may be related to active tectonic movement and the extremely thick crust in the region of the Tibetan Plateau.A more-certain conclusion requires longer accumulation of SG data and further associated theoretical studies.     

基于独立分量谱相关方法的重力固体潮信号潮汐谐波分析

为了提取重力固体潮信号各谐波分量间能量差异较大的谐波分量,该文在利用独立分量分析实现重力固体潮信号的加性分解,再利用谱相关分析独立分量间的谱相关特性进行分析,揭示了各谐波间的调制关系.同时,通过对独立分量间的自相关谱和互相关谱的分析,论证了在自相关谱中,能量大的谐波分量被凸显,能量小的谐波分量被抑制,而在互相关谱中,能量较小的谐波分量能更好地凸显出来.结果表明,互相关谱更能够揭示重力固体潮信号中弱的潮汐谐波分量及其调制关系.     

基于差分进化算法的重力固体潮信号独立分量分析

为了提取出重力固体潮信号中的独立谐波成分,基于地球自转与月球、太阳相对于地球轨道变化的正交关系建立一个天体间引潮力的分解模型.为了实现对三者所产生的潮汐谐波的分解,将差分进化算法用于独立分量分析中,用以提高整个算法的效率,改进实验的观测精度,从而更有效的得到与该模型相一致的独立成分.实验中,对昆明地区的实测信号进行了处理并与理论值进行了对比,结果表明,该方法可以将重力固体潮信号中各潮汐谐波分量间关系揭示出来且与分解模型相对应,各分量所含的频谱信息与理论值相一致,说明该方法是一种有效的、对重力固体潮信号进行独立分量分析的新方法.     

Comprehensive comparison and analysis of the tidal gravity observations obtained with superconducting gravimeters at stations in China, Belgium and France

The long-term tidal gravity observations of about 27 a obtained with superconducting gravimeters (SG) at stations in Wuhan (China), Brussels (Belgium) and Strasbourg (France) are analyzed comprehensively. The quality factors of these observations at various stations are obtained and the tidal parameters are determined accurately. The efficiency when using various procedures on improving accuracy of the tidal parameters is discussed. The loading corrections on tidal parameters are carried out based on the global ocean tidal models. The correlations between the observed residuals and air pressure change are studied, the atmospheric gravity admittances in both temporal and frequency domains are determined, and the possible reasons of inducing the discrepancy between the observed tidal parameters and those in the standard tidal models are studied.     

Validating global hydrological models by ground and space gravimetry

The long-term continuous gravity observations obtained by the superconducting gravimeters (SG) at seven globally-distributed stations are comprehensively analyzed. After removing the signals related to the Earth’s tides and variations in the Earth’s rotation, the gravity residuals are used to describe the seasonal fluctuations in gravity field. Meanwhile, the gravity changes due to the air pressure loading are theoretically modeled from the measurements of the local air pressure, and those due to land water...     

On the measurement for the speed of gravity

Newton’s law of gravity is a theory of instantaneous action at a distance.However,Einstein’s general relativity states that the speed of gravity equals the speed of light,which is finite.Therefore,it is a worthy problem to discuss if Newton’s law of gravity needs modification,when studying and observing the gravitational tidal.In this paper,it is shown that the Newton’s law of gravity is fully applicable in the framework of general relativity.Based on the post-Newtonian approximation,we find that the observable effect for the speed of gravity is irrelevant to the velocity of a moving source,but it is dependent on its acceleration.In general,the effect of the speed of gravity is so weak that today’s any astronomical observations,including the sun tidal observations,can not confirm that the gravitational field travels at the speed of light.     

Experimental earth tidal models in considering nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth''''s liquid core

Based on the 28 series of the high precision and high minute sampling tidal gravity observations at 20 stations in Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network, the resonant parameters of the Earth's nearly diurnal free wobble (including the eigenperiods, resonant strengths and quality factots) are precisely determined. The discrepancy of the eigenperiod between observed and theoretical values is studied, the important conclusion that the real dynamic ellipticity of the liquid core is about 5% larger than the one under the static equilibrium assumption is approved by using our gravity technique. The experimental Earth's tidal gravity models with considering the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth's liquid core are constructed in this study. The numerical results show that the difference among three experimental models is less than 0.1%, and the largest discrepancy compared to those widely used nowdays given by Dehant (1999) and Mathews (2001) is only about 0.4%. It can provide with the most recent real     

Experimental earth tidal models in considering nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth＇s liquid core

Based on the 28 series of the high precision and high minute sampling tidal gravity observations at 20 stations in Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) network, the resonant parameters of the Earth‘s nearly diurnal free wobble (including the eigenperiods, resonant strengths and quality factots) are precisely determined. The discrepancy of the eigenperiod between observed and theoretical values is studied, the important conclusion that the real dynamic ellipticity of the liquid core is about 5% larger than the one under the static equilibrium assumption is approved by using our gravity technique. The experimental Earth‘s tidal gravity models with considering the nearly diurnal free wobble of the Earth‘s liquid core are constructed in this study. The numerical results show that the difference among three experimental models is less than 0.1%, and the largest discrepancy compared to those widely used nowdays given by Dehant (1999) and Mathews (2001) is only about 0.4%. It can provide with the most recent real experimental tidal gravity models for the global study of the Earth‘s tides, geodesy and space techniques and so on.     

利用重力卫星监测尼泊尔Ms8.1地震前后重力变化

利用重力恢复与气候实验(Gravity Recovery and Climate Explorer, GRACE)卫星时变重力场数据获取尼泊尔地震震源区周缘震前震后重力变化。根据地震发生前后震源区及周边重力变化的时空分布特征,探求地震孕震机制及地表物质迁移情况,详细分析了震前5年和震后2年年际变化和季度变化,并提取了5个重力变化显著的特征点和震中点进行时间序列分析。结果表明：正负重力变化信号以震中为中心呈现出明显的出四象限分布特征,同时地震通常发生在重力变化的零值线处。通过对5个特征点及震中点重力变化时间序列的分析发现：每个点在震后1-2个月内均出现了较大的跃迁现象,其振幅有所不同,这可能是震后地球内部物质均衡调整造成的。     

Numerical study of the propagation of small-amplitude atmospheric gravity wave

By using a two-dimensional fully nonlinear compressible atmospheric dynamic numerical model, the propagation of a small amplitude gravity wave packet is simulated. A corresponding linear model is also developed for comparison. In an isothermal atmosphere, the simulations show that the nonlinear effects impacting on the propagation of a small amplitude gravity wave are negligible. In the nonisothermal atmosphere, however, the nonlinear effects are remarkable. They act to slow markedly down the propagation velocity of wave energy and therefore reduce the growth ratio of the wave amplitude with time. But the energy is still conserved. A proof of this is provided by the observations in the middle atmosphere.     

多普勒无线电引信自差机非共振特性研究

在已建立的晶体管自差机等效电路模型的基础上,运用谐波平衡法,研究了多普勒无线电引信自差收发机受迫振荡的非共振振荡特性,推导出了自差收发机在不同强度信号作用下的幅频特性. 在非共振状态下,系统的定常振荡为强迫振荡项和自由振荡项之和. 仿真结果表明,弱信号使自由振荡项趋于一个非零的定常振幅,大信号使得自由振荡项衰减为零,而小信号则使某些频率区域中的振荡情况更复杂.     

Simulation of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation based on the parameterization of continuously spectral gravity waves

On the basis of previous parameterization schemes, considering both the wave breaking and absorbed at critical level, a parameterization with a continuous spectrum of gravity waves is realized by introducing a momentum flux density function for the wave spectrum, and then the parameterization scheme of the gravity waves is improved. Choosing parameter values of the background atmosphere and waves based on the observations, a more realistic equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) driven by the incorporated drag from the planetary and gravity waves can be simulated. The numerical results indicate that the forcing magnitude of the planetary and gravity waves varies with the wind field, and in some phases of the QBO, the contribution of the gravity waves is comparable with that of the planetary waves. After the QBO is steadily formed, its amplitude and period and wind configuration are relevant to the effect of vertical diffusion and the momentum flux distribution with spectrum, however, independent of the initial background wind field. Moreover, for any given nonzero initial background wind, a steady QBO can be finally generated due to the incorporated drag from the planetary and gravity waves. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40731055 and 40774085), the Innovative Research Team Project, Ministry of Education, the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (IAP07315), the China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY200706013) and the Open Programs of Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy, Ministry of Education     

Global structures of the DE3 tide

The Hough mode decomposition (HMD) is used to investigate the global structures of the eastward propagating diurnal tide of zonal wavenumber 3 (DE3). The tide is delineated by using the SABER/ TIMED temperatures collected during 2002―2006. The HMD analysis results show that the DE3 tide is primarily dominated by two leading propagating Hough modes, i.e., (-3, 3) and (-3, 4) modes; the in-fluences .of the other Hough modes including trapped modes can be neglected. Based upon the HMD analysis results, this paper first reported the maximum of the tidal activity in the MLT region. The re-sults show that the DE3 tide exhibits annual unimodal distribution with the maximal amplitude occur-ring at 110 km in late summer (around July each year). Moreover, characteristic 2-year period variation is observed in the (-3, 3) Hough mode. And this type of inter-annual variation is further reflected in the tidal amplitude at 110 km height. For example, corresponding to the 2-year variation of the (-3, 3) mode, the DE3 tidal amplitude exhibits two substantially enhanced activities with maximal amplitude exceed-ing 12 K in 2002 and 2004, respectively. Moreover, current investigation results indicate that the influ-ence of the second propagating Hough mode, (-3, 4) mode, is important, in particular at the height un-der 100 km, where the DE3 amplitudes exhibit antisymmetric distribution with respect to the equator. The (-3, 4) mode exhibits bimodal distribution over a yearly course, which dominates the DE3 tide in the lower mesosphere. For example, two maximal DE3 activities were observed in late-winter-to-early- spring and late-autumn-to-early-winter, respectively. The first maximum is seen in the south of the equator, and the second maximum is in the north of it.     

珠江河口岸线变化对潮动力的影响

为研究珠江河口岸线变化对潮波特征的影响,基于D-Flow FM(Delft 3D-flow flexible mesh)建立珠江河口二维水动力数值模型,模拟的水位、流速流向结果与观测数据吻合良好。利用T_TIDE对模型结果进行调和分析,通过振幅比、相位差和潮能通量探讨岸线变化对潮汐动力特征的影响。结果表明:珠江河口半日分潮M_2的振幅和1/4日分潮M_4的振幅总体均呈增大的趋势,潮能通量呈减小的趋势。珠江河口整体表现为潮汐不对称加剧,涨潮占优增强。岸线变化通过影响径流作用、河口形态、浅水效应和潮能辐聚作用,影响珠江河口的分潮振幅、相位、潮汐不对称和潮能通量等潮汐特征。由岸线变化带来的潮汐振幅增加、潮汐不对称性加剧和涨潮占优趋势加强,可能会导致风暴潮等沿海灾害和严重的淤积问题。     

Analysis of the ionosphere wave-motion with GPS

The periodic solar activities strongly affect the ioniza-tion of the ionosphere. Sudden enhancements in soft and hard solar X-ray and EUV radiation during solar flare can produce an immediate increase in ionospheric ionization in various degrees at different heights; altogether, they are called sudden ionospheric disturbances (SIDs), which are generally recorded as sudden increase of total electron content (SITEC), the short wave fadeout (SWF), sudden frequency deviation (SFD), sudden ph…     

Study on characteristics of long-term gravity changes at Wuhan station

We consider the characteristics of long-term changes in non-tidal gravity and their implication to the local perturbations in barometric pressure and water storage and to the local vertical crustal movement using the long-term continuous gravity observations from a superconducting gravimeter （SG） at Wuhan station, together with the co-site measurements from a Global Positioning System （GPS） receiver and an absolute gravimeter FG5. The observation results indicate that there are obvious seasonal variations in the long-term gravity changes measured with the SG. About 70 percent of the whole seasonal changes come from the contribution of the local disturbances in air pressure and water storage, while over 95 percent of the annual changes are attributed to the loading effects of these environmental perturbations. Due to the absence of direct measurements of the local water storage, especially those of the underground water, the global assimilating models of land water LaD （Land Dynamics） and GLDAS （Global Land Data Assimilation System） cannot virtually describe the real hydrologic disturbances around the station. The resulting gravity changes, which are simulated theoretically by means of convolution integration of the loading Green＇s functions and water models LaD and GLDAS, show significantly time delay of about 55 days from those measured with the SG. Compared with the measurements of the absolute gravity with the FG5, the long-term drift rate of the SG is determined as about 17.13 nms^-2/a. From the co-site GPS measurements, it is found that the local crust is slowly subsiding at a rate of 3.71±0.16 mm/a, and the related gravity variation is estimated as 13.88±0.22 nms^-2/a. In other words, the ratio of the changes in gravity and altitude related to the local vertical crustal movement is about -37.41 nms^-2/cm. It implies that a considerable mass adjustment may be associated with the local vertical crustal movement, and its dynamic mechanism should be investigated further.     

Experimental detection of the inner core translational triplet

The translational oscillation of the solid inner core is one of the Earth’s fundamental normal modes, which is also called Slichter mode. The normal mode should be split to form a triplet due to the Earth’s rotation and ellipticity. In this study, according to the splitting pattern of Slichter mode, an attempt has been made to detect the possibility of Slichter triplet’s existence by using the product spectra of the long-term continuous gravity measurements from the superconducting gravimeters (SG) at 6 glo...     

潮汐力的连续性特征

将地球的潮汐力分解为两个分力 FC1,FC2 ,在黄道坐标系内分别讨论其连续性特征 ,针对各分力振幅的连续性俯视特征 ,映射出各潮汐分力的全球性特征分布 ,进而讨论了各个特征曲线交点的属性 ;在直角坐标系内研究了海潮等振幅曲线的表示方法 ,论述了潮汐振幅极大点在地球公转过程中的位置变化 ,及在自转过程中的时间、地点变化特点 .最后指出 :1由潮汐分力导致潮汐波的振幅具有对称性 ;2潮汐等振幅线为环形线 ;3海潮极大点的绝对振幅主要受所在海域的海水质量控制 ;4大气、地幔潮汐振幅的连续性特点与海潮具有相似性 .     

高压静电除尘欠阻尼态二次电压采样滤波电路的设计

欠阻尼状态下的静电除尘高压主回路在火花放电时会产生二次侧电压震荡现象,该震荡信号内包含的时域和频域特征一方面是系统运行状态和故障分析的重要依据,另一方面震荡的强度却会对信号采样造成影响。对该震荡信号的过滤处理存在着一定的难度。为了消除该电压震荡对控制器信号采样的影响,提高高压静电除尘控制器的准确性和稳定性,本文提出了一种针对除尘本体固有电气特性基于特征时频参数分析的滤波电路设计方法。经过电场实验检验,该方法有效降低二次电压震荡对信号采样质量的影响,大幅降低火花误判的可能性,明显提高了系统的稳定性。