仰鼻猴社会体制的研究进展

灵长类社会体制是灵长类学中一个广为关注的研究领域,近年来关于仰鼻猴属的研究有了相当大的进展.来自国内外的学者对仰鼻猴属的金仰鼻猴、黑白仰鼻猴、灰仰鼻猴和东京仰鼻猴进行了多方面的研究,仰鼻猴属的社会结构的主体结构式是单雄多雌单位,但是,有些研究表明其他的社会结构单位可能存在,由于研究条件的限制,有关仰鼻猴社会结构的许多细节还属于空白.     

川金丝猴的拟母亲行为

川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）又叫仰鼻猴,也叫蓝面猴,在动物分类学上属于灵长目、猴科、疣猴亚科、仰鼻猴属。     

川金丝猴的“王位之争”

川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellanae）在分类学上属于灵长目、猴科、疣猴亚科、仰鼻猴属，是我国特有的疣猴类动物之一。它分布于地处亚热带和温带的四川、甘肃、陕西和湖北四省，主要生活在海拔1400-3200米之间的落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林及亚高山针叶林中。     

多情的嫔妃——川金丝猴的邀配行为

川金丝猴（Rhinopithecus roxellana）在分类学上属于灵长目、猴科、疣猴亚科、仰鼻猴属，是我国特有的疣猴类动物之一。它们分布区地处亚热带和温带的四川、甘肃、陕西和湖北四省，主要生活在海拨1400～3200米之间的落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林及亚高山针叶林中。     

秦岭川金丝猴一个投食群组成和结构的观察

从 2 0 0 2年 3月到 2 0 0 3年 5月 ,在秦岭北坡周至国家级自然保护区玉皇庙西梁 ,我们采用野外跟踪法和扫描动物取样法对一个川金丝猴投食群的组成和结构进行了观察 ,结果发现这个群是由 8个社会单位组成的 ,平均每个家庭有一个成年雄性、3 .75个成年雌性、1.1个亚成年雌性和 3 .75青少年猴组成 ,春季是产子季节 .金丝猴的社群结构是一雄多雌母系社会 .两年的繁殖情况比较分析 ,发现川金丝猴在野生条件下更倾向于隔年生育 .     

Mitochondrial DNA variation analysis suggests extreme low genetic diversity in Guizhou snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus brelichi）

Guizhou snub-nosed monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a unique, endangered primate in China, mainly distributed in Fanjing Mountain National Natural Reserve, Guizhou Province, in an area of 275 km2. Recently, habitat loss and fragmentation have caused population isolation. To assess genetic diversity within this species and its population structure, we sequenced 400 bp of the hypervariable I segment from the mitochondrial DNA control region for 128 individuals. Only one haplotype was identified from these individuals. Compared with other primate species, R. brelichi can be regarded as a species with very low genetic diversity, which further adds to the conservation concern.     

Noninvasive genetic assessment of the population trend and sex ratio of the Shennongjia population of Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys （Rhinopithecus roxellana）

Effective population management relies on assessments of population size and sex ratio.However,these estimates are difficult to obtain for elusive and rare species.Recently,noninvasive genetic census methods have been developed as an alternative to tradi-tional capture-mark-recapture methods.In this study,we estimated the size of the Sichuan snub-nosed monkey(Rhinopithecus roxellana) population in the Shennongjia Nature Reserve(SNR) using a noninvasive sampling method based on 16 microsatellite loci.We also used a PCR-based genetic method to sex the sampled individuals and infer the population sex ratio.The population size of R.roxellana in the SNR was estimated to be 1044 individuals(95% CITIRM:613-1409) .The estimated population sex ratio is more female-biased than expected,which we attribute to the sampling biased towards one male units and limited sampling of bachelor male units.Moreover,there is no suggestion that the heavy traffic road through the reserve might block movement of monkeys.The results of this study indicate genetic assessments based on a noninvasive sampling method can provide useful in-formation regarding populations of elusive primates.     

中国蝗虫的分类学研究

综述了我国蝗虫分类学的历史和发展过程 .在传统分类方面 ,记述了解放前后的发展 .到目前为止 ,全国共计有蝗总科 8科 2 5 3属 10 5 3种 ,蚱总科 7科 5 2属3 10种 .在昆虫综合分类方面 ,记述了数值分类和支序分类、内部构造和超微结构、生理分类、细胞分类、发声器和鸣声研究、分子系统学等 6个方面的研究进展 .     

实验猴弯曲菌感染情况调查研究

调查了1 722只健康实验猴,检出弯曲菌阳性率为56.91%,调查结果显示,食蟹猴和恒河猴弯曲菌阳性率没有显著差异;实验猴弯曲菌的感染与年龄有关,未成年猴弯曲菌阳性率极显著地高于成年猴;实验猴弯曲菌阳性率在干燥饲养环境极显著地低于潮湿环境.同时对部分菌株,用K-B法进行了药敏试验,用APICampy System进行了分类鉴定.     

雌性川金丝猴尿液中雌二醇与孕酮水平的季节性变化

目的通过测定不同季节雌性川金丝猴尿液中的雌二醇与孕酮水平，对不同时期雌性川金丝猴的繁殖力进行评价。方法应用放射免疫方法测定尿液中的雌二醇与孕酮水平。结果在非繁殖季节，滤泡期与黄体期雌二醇的基础分泌水平分别为8．151和19．758pg／mgCr，峰值为89.038pg／mgCr；孕酮在滤泡期与黄体期的基础分泌水平分别为0．118和0．481ng／mgCr，峰值为1．094ng/mgCr。在繁殖季节，滤泡期与黄体期雌二醇的基础分泌水平分别为587．902和1776．447pg／mgCr，峰值为6673．185pg／mgCr，分别是同一个体在非繁殖季节的72、13，89．91和74．95倍；孕酮在滤泡期与黄体期的基础分泌水平分别为28、935和162．054ng／mgCr，峰值为964、650ng／mgCr，分别是同一个体在非繁殖季节的245．21，336．91和881．76倍。结论雌二醇与孕酮的分泌水平具有显著的季节性差异，这可能是其性欲、性交频次和雌猴受孕几率所呈现季节性差异的内在原因之一。     

中国伞菌系统分类研究进展

我国伞菌的系统分类研究 ,至今约有 12 0年的历史 ,前 50余年多为外国人涉足 ,后 70余年主要是我国的菌物学家在全国各地开展研究工作。特别是 2 0余年来 ,我国菌物学家在大江南北进行了广泛的采集和研究 ,发表了众多研究论文和报告 ,同时还出版了大量专著和地方志。但由于我国伞菌繁多 ,许多科属尚未作深入研究 ,有不少种类仍未被认识。为进一步认清我国伞菌物种及区系的特点 ,较为准确地反映我国伞菌物种和资源的实情 ,还需大力加强野外调查 ,并在此基础上开展仔细的宏观与微观相结合的深入研究     

Advances in the study of helminth mitochondrial genomes and their associated applications

Helminths, including flatworms and roundworms, are abundant organisms that have a variety of life histories. Of these, the genera Schistosoma, Echinococcus, Trichinella are notable parasites of veterinary and medical importance, and cause substantial socio- economic losses throughout China and the rest of the world. Genetic markers in the mitochondrial (mt) genome have proven use- ful for systematic, ecological, evolutionary and population studies, and the growth of mt genomic research has increased in the last two decades. Technological improvements, such as the long-polymerase chain reaction method and high-throughput se- quencing have allowed minute amounts of DNA from single worms, biopsy samples or microscopic organisms to be used for whole mt genome characterization. To facilitate the retrieval, annotation and analyses of mitochondrial features, multiple data- bases and specific software have also been designed and established. This review focuses on current progress, applications and perspectives regarding helminth mt genomics. To date, the complete mt genomes for 93 species of helminths have been sequenced and analyzed. Analyses of the mt genes, including gene content, arrangement, composition and variation have revealed unique features among the helminths when compared with other metazoans. This provides important data concerning their functional and comparative mitochondrial genomics, molecular taxonomy and characterization, population genetics and systematics, and evolu- tionary history. Moreover, mt genome data for parasitic helminths are important for diagnosis, epidemiology and ecology of in- fections. Mitochondrial genome data offer a rich source of markers for the systematics and population genetics of socioeconomi- cally important parasitic helminths of humans and other animals.     

Spatial pattern in the foraging group of Sichuan golden monkeys

One of the major social-biological characteristics in the genusRhinopithecus is that the animals live in large groups of tens to hundreds of individuals. Study of the distribution pattern of various age-sex classes in the foraging Sichuan golden monkey troop has revealed that the spatial pattern of the Sichuan golden monkey group is an ellipse with its vertical axes longer than the horizontal axes. Most members are concentrated in the center and the center-back. Adult males gather in the front, the center and the back of the troop; adult females and the young assemble in the center and near-center; sub-adult males are mainly distributed in the center-back and back, but some are also seen in the front, front-center and center; sub-adult females are more or less uniformly dispersed. The spatial distribution of various age-sex classes seems well correspondent with their status and role in the group. This result indicates that the spatial distribution strategy adopted by Sichuan golden monkeys is ecologically adaptive.     

蝼蛄总科及蚤蝼总科染色体分类研究进展

染色体分类学是应用染色体数目，结构和行为等研究生物分类问题，是应用现代新技术，把分类学和细胞学及遗传学结合交融的产物，可以解决现代分类中遇到的一些疑难问题。本文比较详尽的叙述了当今世界上蝼蛄总科和蚤蝼总科的染色体及染色体分类研究进展。