硅衬底纳米钛酸钡湿敏元件特性分析

以硅片为衬底制作了纳米钛酸钡膜湿敏元件，用硬脂酸盐法合成纳米钛酸钡材料，丝网印刷法将纳米钛酸钡涂在硅衬底上制成电阻式湿敏元件，测试分析了元件的性能参数。结果表明，元件具有较高的灵敏度，元件阻抗和电容值随测试频率及相对湿度而变化，但基本不随测试电压变化，在1V、100Hz条件下，元件阻抗一相对湿度关系曲线的线性最好，由不同湿度的复阻抗平面特性曲线得到了材料感湿特性等效电路，讨论了材料的感湿机理，低湿时，材料本身颗粒电阻和电容及吸附的少量水共同起作用；高湿时，主要是吸附的水分子电离和极化起作用。     

ZnSnO3气敏元件灵敏度与加热电压的关系

对ＺｎＳｎＯ３气敏元件特性的测试结果表明，元件灵敏度随加热电压的变化而变化，当加热电压小于某一特定值ＶＨ０时，灵敏度不变，当加热电压大于３倍ＶＨ０时，灵敏度降低，元件失效。通过Ｘ射线衍射和ＳＥＭ二次电子能谱等检测实验，找出了气敏元件灵敏度降低的原因。     

SnO2的微乳液法合成及其气敏性能测试

研究了由阴离子表面活性剂组成的微乳液在纳米材料合成中的应用,采用X射线衍射(XRD)检测了产物的晶体结构和粒径分布。结果表明,由十二烷基苯磺酸钠、正庚烷和正丁醇组成的微乳液所制得的SnO2具有四方结构。用该粉体制成厚膜型旁热式气敏元件,测试结果表明,在工作电压为5V时气敏元件对甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、正丙醇等有机溶剂的还原性气体具有很高的灵敏度,特别是对正丙醇有较好的选择性,可以检测空气中浓度低至5ppm的甲醇、乙醇、丙酮和正丙醇蒸气。所有气敏元件呈现随气体种类不同而变化的较好的灵敏度,可望用于制备价廉的对多种气体的浓度进行测定的气敏元件。     

基于模型诊断的替换测试与问题分解的研究

利用基于模型的诊断理论研究了元件的替换测试，提出了相关部分替换测试的概念，利用元件替换对系统观测值的影响刻画了诊断的判定，新冲突的生成，并利用替换的特殊性，刻画了诊断问题的替换分解等相关问题，本工作能够克服已有测试理论的缺陷，改善诊断测试的适应性，提高测试效率并降低测试成本，并为研究降低诊断问题复杂度提供理论依据。     

模拟线性电路中故障元件存在范围的确定

为了简化模拟线性电路故障诊断定位阶段的工作量，提出了1种确定故障元件存在范围的方法.即在十分现实的K故障假设下，确定能代表电路所有元件并给出在K故障假设下的故障诊断方程的唯一解的1组元件--最优可测试元件组，使故障定位工作只局限于该组元件，而不必对电路所有元件进行.该方法构成了故障定位的第一步，且与故障定位方法无关.方法基于电路的可测试值计算和规范式不确定性组的确定，它在可测试性与不确定性组概念中具有严格的理论基础，其可测试性计算可直接从参数类型故障诊断技术中推得.     

输气管道的蒸气云爆炸灾害的风险分析

重点分析了输气管道的蒸气云爆炸灾害的发生条件、爆炸机理和危害。采用TNT当量法和复合能量法对蒸气云爆炸造成人员伤害和财产破坏的后果进行了计算，通过计算可以预测蒸气云爆炸灾害发生时，任意点处的风险后果，以便采取必要的防范措施。     

饱和蒸气压大小与液面形状关系的微观解释的讨论

本文通过对凸液面上饱和蒸气压比平液面时大，凹液面上饱和蒸气压比平液面时小的宏观热现象的微观解释的讨论，指出了一些教科书对这一问题阐述的偏颇和不足，提出了新的看法和观点．     

含三态元件时序电路的故障模拟器

传统的时序电路故障模拟器只能模拟含二值元件的时序电路。而工程实践中的电路常包含的三态元件，发三态门，传输门，总线等，本文研究的一种能处理含二值元件和三态元件的时序电路的故障模拟器。该故障模拟器采用四值逻辑描述电路。实验结果表明，该模拟器既能高效率地模拟测试传统的二值元件时序电路，又能有效地模拟测试由二值元件和三态元件混合     

The Relation between the Sensitivity and HeatingVoltage of ZnSnO 3 Gas Sensor

对ＺｎＳｎＯ３气敏元件特性的测试结果表明,元件灵敏度随加热电压的变化而变化．当加热电压小于某一特定值ＶＨ０时,灵敏度不变;当加热电压大于３倍ＶＨ０时,灵敏度降低,元件失效。通过Ｘ射线衍射和ＳＥＭ二次电子能谱等检测实验,找出了气敏元件灵敏度降低的原因．     

利用喷射提高跨临界二氧化碳系统的性能

建立了跨临界二氧化碳蒸气压缩／喷射制冷循环中喷射器的数学模型，讨论了系统稳定运行时的蒸发温度、气体冷却器内压力及其出口温度、过热度等因素对系统性能的影响．结果表明，当工作流流量同扩压段出口蒸气流量相等时系统能够稳定运行．同时，升高蒸发温度能提高系统性能，但蒸气压缩／喷射循环相对简单循环性能系数的提高程度变小；气体冷却器内压力存在最优值，但降低压力能够增大系统性能的改善程度；升高气体冷却器出口温度会降低系统性能，但蒸气压缩／喷射循环相对简单循环性能系数的提高程度将先增大，然后迅速减小．与上述因素相比，过热度的影响很小．     

用离子电极测定硫化氢在醇胺溶液中平衡分压的方法

研究了一种用于测定硫化氢在醇胺溶液中平衡分压的新方法。根据硫化氢—醇胺系统在气、液相中存在的物理及反应平衡,通过测定溶液中的氢与疏离子的活度来预测硫化氢的平衡分压,它与一般的汽体循环法和气体通过法相比,具有测定速度快而简便等优点。     

基于反向传播神经网络的遗传算法在酒类气体识别中的应用

把基于反向传播神经网络的遗传算法用于酒类气体识别实验中的传感器阵列的筛选,通过评价传感器组合对反向传播神经网络识别酒类气体结果的影响,建立一种挑选传感器阵列的方法,该算法选出的变量与用统计方法得到的结果一致     

分离式热管凝结换热特性的研究

建立了空气冷却实验台 ,热管的加热方式为电加热 ,工质为蒸馏水 .在 1∶ 1模型上对分离式热管管内凝结换热特性、不凝性气体对凝结换热的影响及不凝性气体的扩散规律进行了试验 ,得出分离式热管有一最佳充液率 ,其值为 45%左右 ;凝结换热系数随着蒸汽压力的增加略有降低 ,在实验的压力范围内 ,降低了 9.5% ;不凝性气体对分离式热管的凝结换热仅影响冷凝段下部较小部分 ,通过排气阀排出不凝性气体可有效地改善冷凝段下部的凝结换热 ;随着压力的增加 ,不凝性气体对分离式热管冷凝段的影响减少 .这些结论可用于分离式热管换热器的工程设计和控制     

翅片管与空气—水蒸汽混合气间传热规律研究

本文研究水蒸汽重量百分含量为10－35％的空气－水蒸汽混气纵向流过翅片管时，翅片管与空气－水蒸汽混合气间的对流传热。研究表明，由于水蒸汽在翅片面上的冷凝，翅片管与空气－水蒸汽混合气间的对流传热系数高于翅片管与干气体间的对流传热系数，并且翅片间距越大，水蒸汽冷凝使对流传热系数增加的程度越大。从理论上对实验现象做出了较好的解释，并给出子有冷凝发生时，翅片管与空气－水蒸汽混合气间对流传热系数的关联式。     

膨润土对有害气体吸附性能的研究

本文研究了天然膨润土对几种化台物蒸汽的吸附性能，考察了膨润土作为吸附剂时的最佳条件。     

基于多壁碳纳米管敏感膜的石英微振天平气体传感器敏感特性的研究

多壁碳纳米管（Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes,MWCNTs）作为新型的纳米气敏材料被涂覆在石英微振天平（Quartz Crystal Mierobalance,QCM）的表面,依据QCM在干燥空气及被测气体中的频率变化初步探讨了涂覆了MWCNTs的QCM对16mg/m^3甲醛和9．64mg／m^3水蒸汽的敏感特性。     

Slow dust in Enceladus' plume from condensation and wall collisions in tiger stripe fractures

One of the spectacular discoveries of the Cassini spacecraft was the plume of water vapour and icy particles (dust) originating near the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. The data imply considerably smaller velocities for the grains than for the vapour, which has been difficult to understand. The gas and dust are too dilute in the plume to interact, so the difference must arise below the surface. Here we report a model for grain condensation and growth in channels of variable width. We show that repeated wall collisions of grains, with re-acceleration by the gas, induce an effective friction, offering a natural explanation for the reduced grain velocity. We derive particle speed and size distributions that reproduce the observed and inferred properties of the dust plume. The gas seems to form near the triple point of water; gas densities corresponding to sublimation from ice at temperatures less than 260 K are generally too low to support the measured particle fluxes. This in turn suggests liquid water below Enceladus' south pole.     

Water vapour and hydrogen in the terrestrial-planet-forming region of a protoplanetary disk

Planetary systems (ours included) formed in disks of dust and gas around young stars. Disks are an integral part of the star and planet formation process, and knowledge of the distribution and temperature of inner-disk material is crucial for understanding terrestrial planet formation, giant planet migration, and accretion onto the central star. Although the inner regions of protoplanetary disks in nearby star-forming regions subtend only a few nano-radians, near-infrared interferometry has recently enabled the spatial resolution of these terrestrial zones. Most observations have probed only dust, which typically dominates the near-infrared emission. Here I report spectrally dispersed near-infrared interferometric observations that probe the gas (which dominates the mass and dynamics of the inner disk), in addition to the dust, within one astronomical unit (1 au, the Sun-Earth distance) of the young star MWC 480. I resolve gas, including water vapour and atomic hydrogen, interior to the edge of the dust disk; this contrasts with results of previous spectrally dispersed interferometry observations. Interactions of this accreting gas with migrating planets may lead to short-period exoplanets like those detected around main-sequence stars. The observed water vapour is probably produced by the sublimation of migrating icy bodies, and provides a potential reservoir of water for terrestrial planets.     

二氧化锡超微粒子气敏薄膜的复数阻抗谱研究

用直流气体放电活化反应蒸发法制备了二氧化锡超微粒子薄膜，测量了薄膜的阻抗谱，验证了超微粒子薄膜的内部模拟等效电路。研究了温度、还原性气体以及热处理对阻抗谱的影响，并用氧吸附理论和晶界热垒理论定性地解释了这些现象。     

Evidence for a link between global lightning activity and upper tropospheric water vapour

Tropospheric water vapour is a key element of the Earth's climate, which has direct effects as a greenhouse gas, as well as indirect effects through interaction with clouds, aerosols and tropospheric chemistry. Small changes in upper-tropospheric water vapour have a much larger impact on the greenhouse effect than small changes in water vapour in the lower atmosphere, but whether this impact is a positive or negative feedback remains uncertain. The main challenge in addressing this question is the difficulty in monitoring upper-tropospheric water vapour globally over long timescales. Here I show that upper-tropospheric water-vapour variability and global lightning activity are closely linked, suggesting that upper-tropospheric water-vapour changes can be inferred from records of global lightning activity, readily obtained from observations at a single location on the Earth's surface. This correlation reflects the fact that continental deep-convective thunderstorms transport large amounts of water vapour into the upper troposphere and thereby dominate the variations of global upper-tropospheric water vapour while producing most of the lightning on Earth. As global lightning induces Schumann resonances, an electromagnetic phenomenon in the atmosphere that can be observed easily at low cost, monitoring of these resonances might provide a convenient method for tracking upper-tropospheric water-vapour variability and hence contribute to a better understanding of the processes affecting climate change.