职住变迁与通勤自平衡

采用2011年和2014年各两周的上海移动手机信令数据,通过跟踪分析识别出居住地、就业地发生变迁的居民作为研究对象,数据可视化、描述性统计、定量对比分析等方法对同一批变迁居民的通勤行为进行跟踪研究,以此对其中存在的“自平衡”特征进行分析,并进一步研究该变化特征与城市空间之间所存在的联系。研究表明：总体层面,从平均通勤距离变化以及过剩通勤率变化方面来看,居民在进行居住地、就业地变迁时均存在通勤“自平衡”的特征与趋势;个体层面,原通勤距离越远,通过居住地、就业地变迁以改善自身通勤关系追求通勤“自平衡”的效果越明显;就业地变迁居民的通勤“自平衡”特征相较于居住地变迁来说更加显著;空间集合层面,职住关系较差的居住区、就业区,存在总体的“自平衡”现象。     

快速移民城市的就业空间特征及影响因素——以深圳市为例

利用就业人口统计、手机信令以及地铁站点人流等相关数据,以深圳市为例,研究快速移民城市的就业空间特征及影响因素.研究结果表明:(1)深圳市的就业人口重心呈现由东向西再向北的移动趋势,多中心的就业空间格局正在形成;(2)就业人口密度总体呈现从中心区向中间地区、外围地区依次下降的圈层格局;(3)金融就业向心集聚性强,制造就业趋向外围分布,消费服务就业呈现向心集聚和外围新增的双重特征;(4)中心区的职住失衡程度较高,导致大量跨行政区的通勤交通;(5)深圳市的就业空间特征及变化与其移民城市的发展密切关联,其中,产业布局、交通条件、城市规划和住房价格是影响深圳市就业空间形成的主要原因;(6)与合肥市和沈阳市2个非移民城市相比,深圳市的就业空间演变速度较快,新的就业中心正在形成,城市呈现多中心的就业空间格局,深圳市的职住分离程度更加明显,职住通勤的平均距离也较大.     

基于手机信令数据探索空气污染对上海市居民出行的影响

基于上海手机信令数据,设定空气非污染天与污染天对照组,借助方差分析、固定效应模型等方法测度空气污染对居民出行的总体影响,并揭示其时空异质性.研究发现：（1）与非污染天相比,在污染天,上海居民通勤和非通勤出行率、人均出行频次、平均出行距离、日人均出行总距离和出行范围均明显减小,人均出行时长也有所下降.非通勤出行更具有弹性,下降幅度最大.在控制其他变量的情况下,当空气质量从“良”变为“轻度污染”,即空气质量指数（AQI）从50变为150时,手机信令数据所反映的出行频次减少4.6%.（2）空气污染对上海居民出行的影响以出行频次减少为核心因素,单次出行距离减少为次要因素,进而传导到其他出行指标.（3）空气污染对上海居民不同时间段各类出行的影响存在差异.从通勤出行来看,12：00之前上班通勤出行频次有所减少,14：00—18：00返家通勤出行有所增加.从非通勤出行来看,上午10：00之后从居住地到休闲地、从工作地到休闲地的非通勤出行均大幅下降.（4）不同区域内,空气污染造成的影响也有所不同.市级商圈、郊区公园等地非通勤出行频次下降最为明显.     

手机信令数据支撑下的广州市职住联系结构研究

为了进一步掌握城市通勤联系的特点,构建便捷有序的职住联系格局,利用广州市联通用户的手机信令大数据,运用社会网络分析方法识别广州市的城市职住联系结构及其与城市空间结构之间的关系,分析了城市通勤联系格局及其基本特征. 研究结果表明:(1)广州市中心城区形成了8个具有“社区内节点之间联系紧密,而不同社区的节点之间联系相对稀疏”基本特征的职住联系分区,分区之间的空间邻近性特征明显,并大体呈同心圆和扇形分布格局. (2)广州市中心城区的主要通勤流方向为核心区向白云区南部的“南北向”和核心区向天河区中部的“东西向”,主要通勤流方向与地铁线高度重叠,圈层内近距离通勤比重高.     

基于引力模型的上海大都市圈联系度分析

上海大都市圈的形成与建立标志着长三角区域一体化协同发展迈上崭新的台阶.以上海大都市圈的城市为研究对象,运用熵值法结合改进的CRITIC法对区域内的城市质量进行综合评价,结合改进的引力模型和中心度公式对区域内城市之间的联系度测定.结论表明,上海与苏州的联系度较强,与无锡、杭州、嘉兴联系度一般,与其余城市的联系度较弱.基本形成了上海、苏州和杭州3个核心点城市,联系周围其他城市的上海大都市圈格局.上海、无锡、杭州与苏州这4座城市的中心度较高,对于周围城市的人才、物质和信息等要素的吸引力较大,辐射作用更强.     

超大城市就业多中心的空间格局及形成机理——以武汉市为例

多中心城市空间结构逐渐成为诸多大城市的发展战略,有必要深入探索城市就业多中心之间的功能关联和就业次中心的形成机理.为此,该研究以超大城市武汉市作为研究区域,基于手机App移动定位数据、百度POI数据和地理国情普查数据等地理空间大数据,运用残差分析方法和数理统计模型识别和分析武汉市就业多中心及其关联特征,采用Logistic回归方法,探索武汉市就业次中心的形成机理.研究发现： 1) 武汉市多中心城市空间格局显著,就业多中心之间的关联表现为城市主中心与最近次中心间的功能互补.2) 武汉市就业次中心形成的关键性驱动因素有多样化指数、三产企业数量、交通路网密度和《武汉市城市总体规划(2010—2020)》等,产业结构的优化是促进就业次中心形成和发展的重要举措,科学的城市规划能够有效引导就业多中心布局.3) 劳动力集聚和《武汉市城市总体规划(1996—2020)》分别对武汉市就业次中心的形成具有显著和较为显著的阻碍作用.     

基于移动信令数据的城市热点识别方法

城市热点的识别对于探索解决引导性的人群疏散、规避交通拥堵等问题提供新途径,并为基于位置服务(location based services,LBS)如商铺选址、旅游导航等提供重要的科学参考,具有重要的应用价值。随着个人手机终端的普及与发展,手机已经成为研究用户行为特征的一种理想的探测器。提出了将手机信令数据融合兴趣点(point of interest,POI)数据来挖掘城市的热点区域并进行功能类型标定,重点通过手机信令数据研究人流的出行行为和在蜂窝的驻留时长情况来识别活跃蜂窝,并进一步通过基于密度的聚类算法判别热点区域。选取了重庆市较场口一定范围区域作为研究区域,数据来源于重庆某移动运营商提供的用户手机信令数据,通过实验实例验证分析,证明了该方法可快速识别出城市热点区域,并具有较高的准确性。     

大型城市职住分布与通勤出行相关关系的网络动力学模型

居住与就业分布不平衡是大型城市快速发展过程中一个非常突出的问题,会引发交通需求失衡以及严重拥堵。为探讨城市发展过程中职住分布与出行需求的交互关系,依据城市发展宏观数据作为影响变量,建立职住分布与通勤出行的网络动力学模型,并构建以参数关系为基础的小波神经网络作为求解算法。使用北京市宏观经济发展数据和9个典型居住区的职住出行数据进行模型标定和验证,结果显示,该网络动力学模型能够较好地描述大型城市职住分布结构对通勤出行特征的影响关系,并对通勤出行特征变化趋势做出预测。     

基于手机信令数据的宁德市蕉城区人流活力分析

针对低等级城市的人流活力研究存在的数据稀疏、研究分析角度局限等问题,结合低等级城市的数据特点,深入探讨低等级城市的人流活力分析方法.从空间对人流的吸引力、空间活动多样性以及空间人流共享性多视角出发,利用网格人流重访强度、网格活动混合度以及网格人流交互网络中心性等3个特征量,建立顾及活动类型及空间交互的低等级城市人流活力...     

邻域密度网格聚类算法及应用

聚类作为数据分析的工具之一,已在模式识别、文献计量及故障诊断等领域中发挥了重要作用。该文基于邻域关系、局部密度和空间网格划分提出了一种聚类方法。该方法主要利用空间网格降低计算复杂度,利用邻域关系在网格空间中以密度为依据搜索聚类元素,并根据最大相对距离和最大相对密度原则自动寻找聚类中心。基于人工数据的实验结果表明,所提邻域密度网格聚类方法可有效处理任意形状数据并自主完成聚类。基于区域识别的对比实验表明,所提方法更适用于处理奇异形状且分布复杂的数据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with