大汶河流域上游典型剖面地下水水化学特征及其影响因素分析

为了解大汶河流域上游地下水水化学特征及其主要离子成因,选取两条典型剖面,采集了21组水样数据,利用数理统计分析、聚类分析、离子比分析、同位素分析等方法探讨其水化学特征及主要物质来源。结果表明,流域内各类地下水阳离子以Ca²⁺为主,HCO3^-、SO4^2-为优势阴离子,属于低矿化度水,pH均值7-8之间,整体偏弱碱性。研究区地下水水化学类型主要为 HCO3.SO4-Ca型、HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型、SO4.HCO3-Ca.Mg型。其中岩溶水中沿地下水流向从补给区向径流区SO4^2-离子含量逐渐增大,水化学类型由HCO3.SO4-Ca.Mg型演变为SO4.HCO3-Ca.Mg型,Na⁺ 、Ca²⁺ 、HCO3^- 、SO4^2-来源为白云石、方解石等碳酸盐矿物溶解和石膏等硫酸盐矿物溶解。研究表明流域内地下水主要来源于大气降水,大气降水和孔隙水的入渗补给是岩溶水的补给来源。地表水与孔隙水氢氧同位素特征相似,并且δD值为-60‰～-50‰,δ¹⁸O值为-6‰～-4‰,说明其受到当地降水二次蒸发补给的影响。通过对流域水化学特征及物质来源的分析,以期对大汶河流域地下水资源的合理开发利用和水污染的防治提供科学的依据。     

地下热水的来源与补给机制分析——以重庆北温泉为例

地下热水的来源研究对地下热水资源量评价和可持续开发利用有重要意义。选取重庆市北温泉作为研究对象,采用水化学分析、D、O同位素以及实时在线监测对其热水来源进行了研究。研究认为:重庆市北温泉泉水为中-低温浅层中性地热水,水化学类型为SO4-Ca型,地下热水的δ18O值为-8.48‰~-7.09‰,δD值为-55.46‰~-53.26‰,其补给来源为雨水,补给高程为海拔641~1 206m的岩溶出露区。安装马歇尔槽和CDTP300高分辨率实时在线监测发现:1)地下热水水文地球化学特征在长时间内稳定,体现了稳定的水-岩作用过程;2)北温泉的流量与研究区降雨量呈现出以半年为单位的滞后,雨季偏低,旱季偏高;当场降雨后20d左右,温泉水的水温和电导率微降,水量增加。地下热水的来源为大气降水,其补给除了长时间长距离的含水层稳定补给外,热水上升过程中受地表水和浅层地下水的补给。     

全安盆地水文地质特征及热水成因分析

在简要分析全安盆地水文地质特征、地下水赋存条件及划分地下水类型基础上,对盆地西部周地-暖水塘地区地下热水形成原因、赋存环境进行研究,认为多期次构造运动形成的断裂、裂隙沟通深部地下热水是盆地热水来源的主要原因;采取地下热水样品并开展氢氧稳定同位素、选出气体、水化学成份测试,认为地下热水由大气降水补给,长期水动态观测结果也显示大气降水与地下热水关系较密切.     

辽宁二道沟金矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究

通过对石英中流体包裹体的氢、氧同位素研究,揭示二道沟金矿床含矿热水溶液的δＤ为－７１‰～－１０２．５‰、δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ为１．５３‰～６．７‰;在δ１８Ｏ－δ１８Ｄ图解中它们位于２００℃时大气降水与火山岩发生水岩交换的演化线与３００℃时大气降水与火山岩发生水岩交换的演化线所夹的区域内,表明成矿流体主要为大气降水来源的地下水,而不是岩浆热液;说明该矿床产于火山岩中的大气降水参与的浅成低温热液型金矿床．     

广东省河源断裂带碳酸泉水化学特征及形成机制

为了解广东省河源断裂带碳酸泉的形成机理,全面认识碳酸泉形成过程,为碳酸泉的开发与管理提供科学依据,在河源断裂带地区采集了5组碳酸泉样品及18组非碳酸泉样品,开展了水化学特征分析及δD、δ~(18)O、~(14)C、δ~(13)C和~3He/~4He多种同位素分析。结果表明,碳酸泉主要水化学类型为Na-Ca-HCO_3型。δD、δ~(18)O同位素分别介于-43.32‰~-41.72‰和-7.06‰~-6.55‰,位于大气降水线附近,表明其补给来源于大气降水,补给高程在1 000~1 300 m。通过~(14)C法测年及修正后的δ~(13)C年龄校正模型计算得到碳酸泉的年龄在21~26 ka。碳酸泉点δ~(13)C的变化范围在-1‰~2‰之间,R/Ra(样品~3He/~4He与大气~3He/~4He之比)比值介于0~2.5,表明河源断裂带碳酸泉中的CO_2为幔源与变质混合成因,并以变质作用为主。     

利用δ18O和δ34S示踪重庆都市圈地下热水循环过程

重庆市地下热水储存量大约有1亿m3,其中75%分布在都市圈内。通过对重庆市都市圈13个温泉群,20个泉点的温泉水的δD、δ18 O和δ34S调查,结合水化学指标进行分析表明:重庆市都市圈温泉水类型为SO42-Ca或者SO24-Ca Mg型,水的来源为大气降水。δ18 O值为-7.41‰～-9.48‰,研究认为地下热水的补给来源于海拔672～1 503m研究区域背斜核部岩溶出露区和背斜北端的岩溶出露区。热水中主要离子SO24-和Ca2+、Mg2+均存在很好的正相关性,且δ34S值为31.46‰～34.32‰,正好处于下三叠统嘉陵江组二段硬石膏δ34S值异常段,由此表明雨水和地表径流沿岩溶裂隙等进入深部的含有硬石膏的嘉陵江组,由此认为重庆都市圈温泉水储水层可能为下三叠统嘉陵江组二段。     

怒江跃进桥温泉水化学特征及成因分析

跃进桥温泉为上升泉群,其热水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型。根据δD、δ18O稳定同位素分析温泉水源为大气降水;δ18O稳定同位素确定其补给高程为2 050 m;3H放射性同位素确定温泉水的年龄为(10～20)a。跃进桥温泉的热源来自区域高热流背景,称嘎断裂、F1断裂起到导热导水作用,其成因模式为大气降水补给的断裂渗入循环型中、低温地热系统。     

白银厂矿田同位素特征及其流体成矿作用研究

白银厂矿田多金属硫化物矿床的石英包裹体水的δD水为-71‰～95‰，δ^18O水为-0．09‰～ 8．7‰，显示了岩浆水、大气降水、变质水的混合作用．含矿火山岩总硫δ^34S∑s( 3．68‰)指示硫主要为深部岩浆来源，并经历了陆壳硫的混染，矿石硫主要来源于围岩．含矿流纹岩中的铅为地幔和地壳的混合铅，矿石铅主要来自嗣岩的构造活化铅．这些同位素特征研究表明，白银厂矿田经历了两期成矿作用．早期为岩浆流体与大气降水混合成矿；晚期为构造流体与大气降水混合．对流循环成矿．     

衢江流域地表水与地下水的转化关系

地表水和地下水之间的转换关系是流域水循环和水环境问题研究的关键.以水化学和氢氧同位素作为示踪剂可以在一定程度上反映流域内地表水和地下水之间的关系.以衢江流域为研究区,分析了流域内地表水、地下水的水化学和氢氧稳定同位素的空间分布规律和演化趋势,定性和定量地揭示了流域内地表水与地下水的转化关系,结果表明:①溶解性总固体(TDS)、pH指标显示研究区地表水与地下水水化学指标空间变化特征相似,两者转化频繁;流域上游主要是地下水补给地表水,中下游则主要是地表水补给地下水;②阴阳离子组分显示:研究区水化学类型主要是HCO3-Ca、HCO3·Cl-Ca类型水,流域内水的最终来源为大气降水;水中离子主要受岩石风化和降水因素影响;③δD-18δO关系显示氢氧同位素含量沿河水流向不断富集;依据氢氧同位素与大气降水线之间的关系,显示出研究区地下水和地表水均受大气降水补给;④地表水与地下水的定量关系显示:研究区上游主要是地下水补给地表水,地下水对地表水的平均贡献率为19.67％,日均补给量为2.73×106 m3/d;中下游主要是地表水补给地下水,地表水对地下水的平均贡献率为22.77％,日均补给量为3.49×106 m3/d.     

基于水化学和同位素的典型岩溶水系统溶质演化过程—以西昌市仙人洞为例

仙人洞岩溶水系统是西昌市南部典型的地下水系统,亦是该区饮用水和灌溉用水的唯一水源,对其水源成因和溶质组分演化过程的研究具有重要的科学价值和现实意义。本文以仙人洞岩溶水系统为研究对象,通过分析岩溶水、基岩裂隙水和地表水水化学组分、氢氧同位素和氚同位素特征,探讨了这三类水的成因和溶质演化过程。结果显示：仙人洞三类水阳离子以Ca₂₊为主,阴离子以HCO_3-为主,水化学类型主要为Ca-HCO_3-型水;水化学指标和同位素信息揭示三类水均以大气降水补给为主,但岩溶水属于具有快速通道的深循环、长径流途径的水循环模式,而基岩裂隙水则属于浅表层循环模式。系列水化学图示和离子比值系数表明岩石风化作用、碳酸盐岩溶解和离子交换过程是影响这三类水组分演化的主要化学过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with