磺化法生产优级溶剂油的实验研究

考察了溶剂油磺化过程中芳烃含量的变化。结果表明，溶剂油中的芳烃在３０￣５０℃时与磺化剂反应，并且随着磺化剂加入量的增加，溶剂油中的芳烃逐渐降低，从而达到了溶剂油脱芳烃的目的。     

磺化法生产优级溶剂油的实验研究

考察了溶剂油磺化过程中芳烃含量的变化。结果表明，溶剂油中的芳烃在３０～５０℃时与磺化剂反应，并且随着磺化剂加入量的增加，溶剂油中的芳烃逐渐降低，从而达到了溶剂油脱芳烃的目的。     

残渣油族组分热转化性能的研究

以热重法（ＴＧ）评价了大庆减压渣油四组分和八组分（饱和烃、轻芳烃、中芳烃、重芳烃、轻胶质、中胶质、硬胶质和沥青质）的热转化反应性能。按一级反应动力学方程计算了各组分的热转化动力学参数。根据相应组分动力学参数的差异，提出在研究残渣油复杂反应动力学时，可将残渣油分成饱和烃、轻芳烃＋中芳烃、重芳烃、软胶质（轻胶质＋中胶质）、硬胶质和沥青质六个集总组分。     

芳烃氨氧化反应催化剂的研制进展

介绍了芳烃氨氧化反应催化剂的载体、活性组分和制备方法 ,以及国内芳烃氨氧化反应催化剂的研制情况。     

催化裂化油浆合成沥青树脂的反应性能

采用溶剂萃取对催化裂化油浆进行了芳烃富集,并分别以油浆和富芳烃组分为原料合成了沥青树脂.利用族组成分析和FT-IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR测试对比了催化裂化油浆芳烃富集前后的原料组成差别,通过合成B阶沥青树脂的反应差异考察了催化裂化油浆的反应性能.结果表明,催化裂化油浆中饱和分的含量较高,均匀性差;而溶剂萃取后的催化裂化油浆富芳烃组分芳烃含量较高,均匀性较好.溶剂富集芳烃提高了催化裂化油浆的反应性能.     

过渡金属催化的(杂)芳烃C—H/C—H交叉氧化偶联反应进展

过渡金属催化的(杂)芳烃与(杂)芳烃之间的氧化C-H/C-H交叉偶联反应已成为构筑联(杂)芳基骨架的重要策略。近年来,许多令人瞩目的研究成果不断涌现,其反应类型主要可以分为未活化芳烃间的交叉脱氢偶联反应、未活化芳烃与杂芳烃的交叉脱氢偶联反应以及杂芳烃与杂芳烃之间的交叉脱氢偶联反应三种类型。本文主要综述了这三类反应的最新研究进展,介绍了各类反应的特点、优势及在合成中的应用。     

卤代烯烃与芳烃的付克氏烷基化反应

介绍了卤代烯烃与芳烃的付克氏烷基化反应。     

氯丙基取代的杯芳烃衍生物的合成

以对叔丁基杯[n]芳烃1a-1c(n=4,6,8)和间苯二酚杯芳烃1d-1e(R=C6H5,p-HOC6H4)为原料,在碳酸钾存在下以丙酮为溶剂与1-溴-3-氯丙烷反应,得到下缘为氯丙基取代的杯芳烃衍生物2a-2e。进一步以2b-2d为原料,在碳酸钾存在下以丙酮为溶剂与咔唑反应,得到丙基桥连的杯芳烃咔唑衍生物3a-3c。通过红外光谱,核磁共振氢谱等确定了上述产物的结构。     

一种烷基转移反应体系的反应条件和热力学分析

对甲苯歧化与三甲苯烷基转移反应体系中不同温度和进料条件下的平衡组成，平衡转化率，平均选择论进行了详细计算，结果表明：（1）随温度的升高，甲苯与三甲苯的芳烃平衡转化率降低，二甲苯的平衡选择率亦降低；（2）降低进料中的甲苯与三甲苯摩尔比（Tol:TMB从9降到1），甲苯和三甲苯的芳烃平衡转化率降低，而二甲苯的平衡选择率明显上升，然后，在改性的β沸石催化剂上进行了不同工艺条件下的反应，通过对实验数据与平衡数据的比较和分析表明，反应温度升高，芳烃转化率上升且越来越接近平衡转化率，而二甲苯的选择率迅速下降；进料 中Tol:TMB存在一个最佳点，即60:40(m：m），此时芳烃转化率最高，二甲苯的选择率亦最高。     

氯代芳烃脱氯速率常数的QSPR研究

测定钯／铁催化还原水中８种氯代烃的反应速率常数,以ＰＭ３算法计算了表征氯代芳烃分子结构的量子化学参数,并用一元回归分析对氯代芳烃的分子结构与与其催化还原脱氯速率进行了定理结构－性能相关研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that