两株芽孢杆菌对玉门油田原油的降解作用

以石油为唯一碳源，从被石油污染的玉门油田土壤中，分离、筛选出2株高效降解石油的茵株A和B，研究了它们对原油的降解能力．结果表明，经12d后，A、B对原油的降解率分别可迭61．71％和53．12％．GC-MS分析表明，饱和烃中的正构烷烃、烷基环己烷、烷基苯和二环烷均能被明显降解，芳香烃中的萘和烷基萘经降解后几乎消失，菲和烷基菲经菌A作用后发生明显降解．茵株经鉴定，二者均为芽孢杆茵．     

嗜热耐盐烃降解菌Geobacillus sp.WJ-2降解原油性能研究

以液蜡为唯一碳源,从大庆油田龙虎泡区块采油污水样中分离到一株高效嗜热耐盐的兼性烃降解菌WJ-2,经形态观察、生理生化实验和16S rRNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定为地芽孢杆菌Geobacillus sp..在有氧或者厌氧条件下,该菌均在45～75℃和0～10％ NaCl溶液中生长良好,其最适生长温度为65℃,最适盐的质量分数为3.0％;该菌株能以原油为唯一碳源生长并合成生物表面活性剂,发酵7d,生物表面活性剂产量在好氧条件和厌氧条件下分别为19.89 g/L和11.69 g/L.薄层层析和显色反应表明WJ-2产出的表面活性剂组成在好氧和厌氧条件下不相同.经GC气相色谱和族组分柱层析对菌株WJ-2在好氧和厌氧降解下原油组分分析结果表明:该菌在好氧下优先降解较轻组分,在厌氧条件下优先降解重质组分,原油黏度分别降低71.57％和77.45％,凝固点分别降低5℃和8℃.在好氧和厌氧条件下该菌可在一次水驱基础上分别进一步提高采收率6.96％和6.42％,可有效应用于高温高盐油藏微生物驱现场试验.     

投菌法在焦化废水降解中的应用研究

为研究投菌法用于焦化废水降解的效果，从武钢焦化厂活性污泥中分离筛选出8个能以萘或吡啶为惟一碳源的优势菌株，对其进行了分类学鉴定和脱氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性测定，试验了它们对焦化废水的降解效果。结果是CN3，CN4和DB2对焦化废水的降解率分别33．6％，32．3％和26．4％；在活性污泥中投加优势菌株后，降解率分别达到51．8％，49．1％和38．6％，与普通活性污泥法相比，降解率提高了16．3％，13．6％和3．3％。研究表明，应用投菌法有利于提高焦化废水的降解率。     

石油烃降解菌培养基组分和条件优化

从新疆油田油井旁土样富集、筛选得到一株高效石油烃降解菌HL-6,经初步鉴定为红球菌属（Rhodococcus sp.）．研究表明,使用乙醇作为碳源制备液体种子液是可行的,之后采用单因素试验设计先后对菌株生长的培养基组分及生长条件进行了优化．结果表明,菌株HL-6的最适生长条件为：碳源（柴油）浓度为0．5％、氮源选择（NH4）2SO4浓度为8g／L、磷源为KH2PO4：Na2HPO4摩尔比为3：1、酵母粉浓度为0．03g／L、培养时间为3d、培养温度为20℃、pH=7．6、装液量为30mL、接种量为1．5％、摇床转速为150rpm．验证实验和预期一致,优化后降解率达到89．80％,比最初的78．50％提高了14．4％．     

石油降解菌的筛选及其降解能力的初步研究

为了获得高效石油降解菌株，以原油为唯一碳源，从克拉玛依石油污染土壤中分离筛选得到14株细菌，利用紫外分光光度法、氯化三苯基四氮唑法和吐温80法对其石油降解能力进行了研究。结果表明：菌株中M3、M7、M9和M11的石油降解能力较高，降解率分别达到71．6％、56．2％、88．2％和60．3％，且这些菌株均有较高的TTC-脱氢酶活性和脂酶活性，因此可以根据两种酶活性的高低初步判断菌株的石油降解能力。     

碳同位素标记法鉴别芳烃降解菌研究

从油田采出水中富集培养石油烃降解菌,利用~(13) C标记的甲苯作为碳源和变性梯度凝胶电泳技术,从中鉴定和考察能够降解甲苯的细菌群落。结果表明:从采出水中富集培养的复合菌群经过500d的厌氧降解,对石油烃降解率达到36.4%,甲烷产量为201.2μmol;以~(13) C标记的甲苯为碳源,经过60d的培养,复合菌群对其降解率达到67%,12 C标记的甲苯降解率为69%,两种碳源标记甲苯的降解率差异不显著;将离心中的重带~(13) C-DNA片段回收测序,鉴别出3种芳烃降解菌。     

苯胺降解菌的特性研究及分子生物学基础

从长期受苯胺污染环境中筛选到一株细菌NKS．能以苯胺为唯一的碳源、氮源生长．NKS降解苯胺的最适温度和pH分别为30C和7.2，最适苯胺浓度为3000mg／L．NKS还可利用邻苯二酚和邻甲苯胺．提高接种浓度对NKS的降解效果有显著影响，重金属离子对NKS的生长和苯胺降解均有不同程度的抑制作用，以Ag^ ，Hg^ 最明显．对NKS与苯胺降解代谢有关酶类的测定结果表明，NKS中催化邻苯二酚开环的酶主要为邻苯二酚-2，3-双加氧酶(CD23O)．且该酶为诱导酶．PCR结果表明NKS中与苯胺酶降解有关酶的基因位于细菌的染色体上．     

背刺毡蜡蚧蜡泌物的化学成分研究

采用红外光谱和气相色谱／质谱联用技术，研究了背刺毡蜡蚧Eriopeltis festucae(Fonsc.）（蚧总科Coccoidea，蚧科Coccidae）蜡泌物的化学成分。结果证明，该虫蜡泌物主要成分是一系列高分子的长链饱和烃、饱和与不饱和脂肪酸、脂肪醇和类酯，同时有少量的酮类、带有氧环和苯环的化合物。其碳原子数目在14－28之间，饱和烃为C21-、C22-、C24-、C28－（占28．47％），带氧环的长链烃C19-(占19．41％）。饱和酸是C16－（占50．09％）、C18－（占17．15％）、C24－（占19．24％）。醇是C25－烷醇和C22－烯醇。酯类是C27－辛酸甘油酯和C16－乙酸烯酯。     

RL发酵液对戈登氏菌降解含油废水的影响

采用铜绿假单胞菌AB91095自制鼠李糖脂发酵液,并将其运用到含油废水的微生物处理中,考察其对戈登氏菌降解石油烃的影响．实验结果表明,采用浓度为12CMC的鼠李糖脂发酵液,在添加量分别为3mL、5mL、7mL条件下,戈登氏菌对石油烃的降解率相应提高了11．97％、16．11％、18．88％．可见,鼠李糖脂发酵液可以明显促进戈登氏菌对石油烃的降解作用．实验过程同时发现鼠李糖脂发酵液本身对石油烃无降解作用．     

陕北油田降解石油微生物的筛选及其降解能力

从陕北油田的渣油、含油污泥和污水中富集、分离，并筛选出以原油为唯一碳源的菌株13株，经初步降解试验，筛选出对原油降解率高的DYT2-2和DYSHX1 2株石油降解菌菌株。通过对其降解能力的测试，结果表明，2个菌株对原油的降解能力在含油浓度ρ=14．29g／L的摇瓶试验中，其降解率高迭98．2％～99．5％。此结果表明，这两种降解菌对原油的降解效果高于目前已有的报道，具有很好的应用前景。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~