一种聚焦式模糊分段算法及其在语音识别中的应用

基于各类语音模型的语音识别系统中，未知语音与参考模板的匹配度处在临界状态时，系统容易发生误识别。针对这类问题，本文提出了一种聚焦式模糊分段算法，对语音特征矢量进行模糊分段量化；并将其应用于DTW语音系统中，对语音信号进行训练和匹配。实验证明：该算法能够有效提高系统的识别精度，并降低模糊分界内的误识别率。     

基于DTW改进算法的孤立词语音识别仿真

为提高识别率和识别效率,采用双门限过零率和短时能量作为端点检测的依据,提取Mel频率倒谱系数作为语音特征参数,并使用DTW算法进行模式匹配．由于传统DTW算法计算量大,所以采用局部路径约束和区域约束进行改进,并用Matlab对改进后的DTW算法进行了仿真．实验证明该算法对孤立词语音识别能够达到较好的识别结果．     

多笔画联机手写字符识别的动态时间规正算法

在单笔画符号(或字符)联机手写识别中,动态时间规正(DTW)算法遵循时间次序约束和边界约束,并具有较高的识别率.为了将此算法应用于多笔画符号识别,常用而简单的方法是按照人们的手写顺序连接多笔画符号为单笔画符号.但此方法存在一个问题:人们常使用不同的笔画顺序和笔画方向书写同一个符号,用朴素(Brute Force)方法寻找所有笔画可能性非常耗时.为了降低计算复杂度,文中提出了DTW A*算法.在部分笔画匹配时,此算法保留着次序约束,并用A*算法降低计算复杂度.文中还通过流程图数据库多笔画符号识别实验对比了DTW A*算法、DTW算法、改良Hausdorff距离3种算法的性能,结果表明DTW A*算法具有最高的识别率和最好的稳定性.     

改进PCA-LDA的人脸识别算法研究

针对主成分分析(PCA)未充分利用样本类别信息及线性鉴别(LDA)在小样本时识别率低的问题,提出了一种基于PCA和LDA相融合的人脸识别算法。该算法首先将输入人脸图像进行几何位置规范化和灰度分布均衡化预处理;然后利用PCA算法将人脸训练图像投影到低秩特征子空间,利用LDA算法计算类间离散度大、类内离散度小的特征子空间,从而获得PCA-LDA的人脸融合特征空间;最后将训练样本、测试样本投影至融合的特征空间,并利用最近邻准则实现对测试样本的识别。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效融合PCA和LDA的优势,提高系统识别的鲁棒性和效率。     

基于子矢量技术的矢量量化码字快速搜索算法

针对矢量量化编码过程中,码书搜索计算量较大的问题,提出一种基于子矢量技术的矢量量化码字快速搜索算法.算法使用小波变换后的系数合理构造矢量,在码字搜索过程中将输入矢量和码字划分为几个互不重合的子矢量,利用各个子矢量的2范数建立码字排除不等式,最终实现快速排除不匹配码字的目的.实验结果表明,该算法比EEENNS(equal-average equal-variance equal-norm nearest neiohbor search)算法在失真计算次数和计算复杂度上分别减少了51%～63%和25%～40%.相比Pan的算法减少了28%～41%的失真计算次数和31%～44%的计算量,而比Chen的算法则减少了8%～22%的失真计算次数和11%～19%的计算量.     

隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

针对人脸识别中存在的遮挡、阴影、反光等不同程度的数据破坏以及训练样本不充足导致识别率低的问题,提出一种基于隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示(LatLRR_SRC,Latent Low-Rank Representation Sparse Representation Classification)的人脸识别方法.该方法首先采用隐式低秩表示(LatLRR,Latent Low-Rank Representation)算法将训练样本矩阵分解为两个低秩逼近矩阵和一个稀疏误差矩阵.然后将低秩逼近矩阵和稀疏误差矩阵联合构成完备字典,并用K-SVD算法对字典进行学习,得到测试样本在学习后字典下的稀疏表示.最后对测试样本利用上述隐式低秩表示分解的三部分的稀疏逼近计算残差,完成测试样本的分类识别.在Extend YaleB和CMU PIE人脸数据上的实验结果表明,基于LatLRR_SRC的人脸识别方法具有较高的识别率和稳定性.     

基于互信息与核熵成分分析的故障检测算法

现有故障诊断方法对样本数据分布要求过于苛刻且难以提取高阶的统计信息,故本研究提出一种基于互信息与核熵成分分析的故障检测算法(MIKECA)。首先根据训练样本建立核熵成分分析(KECA)模型,然后通过其残差矩阵与互信息求得一种新型统计量—基于互信息的平方预测误差(MISPE),利用核密度估计计算统计量的控制限;最后把测试样本投影在KECA模型上,计算测试样本的统计量并与控制限对比,统计量超出控制限的样本即被识别为故障样本。将这种方法用于TE(Tennessee Eastman)过程的故障检测,对比传统核主成分分析、传统核熵成分分析算法,具有比较明显的优势。     

神经网络与DTW两种识别方法的比较

在非特定人小字表场合下,比较了人工神经网络方法(ANN),动态规划方法(DTW)以及直接比较方法(DC).对汉语10个孤立数字测试结果表明:用多遍样本进行训练时,训练时间ANN至少是DTW的100倍,DTW是DC的5倍以上;识别速度ANN比DC快300倍,DC比DTW快5倍;存储量ANN比DTW和DC需要的都少;识别率ANN比DTW高2.3％,DTW比DC高6.7％;用单遍样本训练时,DTW比DC高3.6％,DC比ANN高8.1％.说明在小字表情况下ANN的总体性能优于DTW,DTW优于DC。     

基于样本融合的核稀疏人脸识别方法

针对基于小样本集人脸图像的识别能力低,计算复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于样本融合的核稀疏表示方法(KSRMSF).该方法首先通过在原始样本集中添加镜像训练样本和对称训练样本,扩大了原始样本集的规模,接着使用基于高斯核函数的算法从扩充后的训练样本集中挑选若干个最近邻训练样本,利用这组最近邻样本的线性组合表示待识别的测试样本,根据L2范式的结果对测试样本进行分类,通过修改最近邻样本数获得更高的分类精度.实验结果表明该方法比同类识别算法有更好的识别效果.     

计算机语音信号处理与语音识别系统

对计算机语音处理和对单个数码字识别的实现进行了探讨。根据汉语语音的特点,以汉语单音字作为识别对象,对１０个数码字识别进行了研究和实验。通过观察和分析语音信号的时域特性（主要是短时帧能量、短时过零率和帧能量差）,并把它们应用于语音端点检测,为系统的建立做了基础准备。选用了语音信号的功率谱差的特征,进行了模板的建立与识别实验。测试结果表明,该系统性能较稳定,单个数码字识别率可达９８６％,说话人识别率达到９２２％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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